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1.
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens ; 31(6): 522-526, 2022 11 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36172853

RESUMEN

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) have an important role in the development of chronic complications in diabetes mellitus and in renal failure. Skin autofluorescence (SAF) is a simple noninvasive optical technique to estimate AGE levels in the dermis. SAF increases with age, but rises more rapidly in diabetes and renal failure, and is also associated with, and a predictor of their complications. RECENT FINDINGS: In recent large population studies, SAF is a strong predictor of development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and in persons with known diabetes of its complications. SAF also predicts new cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality not only in individuals with known type 2 diabetes but also in the general population. SUMMARY: SAF is a simple, powerful and independent predictor for development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and also for cardiovascular disease and mortality in both persons with diabetes, and in the general population.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Insuficiencia Renal , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada , Humanos , Insuficiencia Renal/complicaciones , Piel
2.
Eur J Nutr ; 60(1): 123-134, 2021 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32206896

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/AIM: The association between alcohol consumption and subclinical atherosclerosis is still unclear. Using data from a European multicentre study, we assess subclinical atherosclerosis and its 30-month progression by carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) measurements, and correlate this information with self-reported data on alcohol consumption. METHODS: Between 2002-2004, 1772 men and 1931 women aged 54-79 years with at least three risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) were recruited in Italy, France, Netherlands, Sweden, and Finland. Self-reported alcohol consumption, assessed at baseline, was categorized as follows: none (0 g/d), very-low (0 - 5 g/d), low (> 5 to ≤ 10 g/d), moderate (> 10 to ≤ 20 g/d for women, > 10 to ≤ 30 g/d for men) and high (> 20 g/d for women, > 30 g/d for men). C-IMT was measured in millimeters at baseline and after 30 months. Measurements consisted of the mean and maximum values of the common carotids (CC), internal carotid artery (ICA), and bifurcations (Bif) and whole carotid tree. We used quantile regression to describe the associations between C-IMT measures and alcohol consumption categories, adjusting for sex, age, physical activity, education, smoking, diet, and latitude. RESULTS: Adjusted differences between median C-IMT values in different levels of alcohol consumption (vs. very-low) showed that moderate alcohol consumption was associated with lower C-IMTmax[- 0.17(95%CI - 0.32; - 0.02)], and Bif-IMTmean[- 0.07(95%CI - 0.13; - 0.01)] at baseline and decreasing C-IMTmean[- 0.006 (95%CI - 0.011; - 0.000)], Bif-IMTmean[- 0.016(95%CI - 0.027; - 0.005)], ICA-IMTmean[- 0.009(95% - 0.016; - 0.002)] and ICA-IMTmax[- 0.016(95%: - 0.032; - 0.000)] after 30 months. There was no evidence of departure from linearity in the association between alcohol consumption and C-IMT. CONCLUSION: In this European population at high risk of CVD, findings show an inverse relation between moderate alcohol consumption and carotid subclinical atherosclerosis and its 30-month progression, independently of several potential confounders.


Asunto(s)
Aterosclerosis , Grosor Intima-Media Carotídeo , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Aterosclerosis/epidemiología , Aterosclerosis/etiología , Femenino , Finlandia , Francia , Humanos , Italia/epidemiología , Masculino , Países Bajos , Factores de Riesgo , Suecia
3.
BMC Endocr Disord ; 21(1): 14, 2021 Jan 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33435948

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Skin autofluorescence (SAF) is a non-invasive marker of tissue accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE). Recently, we demonstrated in the general population that elevated SAF levels predict the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. We evaluated whether elevated SAF may predict the development of CVD and mortality in individuals with T2D. METHODS: We included 2349 people with T2D, available baseline SAF measurements (measured with the AGE reader) and follow-up data from the Lifelines Cohort Study. Of them, 2071 had no clinical CVD at baseline. 60% were already diagnosed with diabetes (median duration 5, IQR 2-9 years), while 40% were detected during the baseline examination by elevated fasting blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l) and/or HbA1c ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). RESULTS: Mean (±SD) age was 57 ± 12 yrs., BMI 30.2 ± 5.4 kg/m2. 11% of participants with known T2D were treated with diet, the others used oral glucose-lowering medication, with or without insulin; 6% was using insulin alone. Participants with known T2D had higher SAF than those with newly-detected T2D (SAF Z-score 0.56 ± 0.99 vs 0.34 ± 0.89 AU, p < 0.001), which reflects a longer duration of hyperglycaemia in the former group. Participants with existing CVD and T2D had the highest SAF Z-score: 0.78 ± 1.25 AU. During a median follow-up of 3.7 yrs., 195 (7.6%) developed an atherosclerotic CVD event, while 137 (5.4%) died. SAF was strongly associated with the combined outcome of a new CVD event or mortality (OR 2.59, 95% CI 2.10-3.20, p < 0.001), as well as incidence of CVD (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.61-2.61, p < 0.001) and death (OR 2.98, 2.25-3.94, p < 0.001) as a single outcome. In multivariable analysis for the combined endpoint, SAF retained its significance when sex, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, total cholesterol, eGFR, as well as antihypertensive and statin medication were included. In a similar multivariable model, SAF was independently associated with mortality as a single outcome, but not with incident CVD. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring SAF can assist in prediction of incident cardiovascular disease and mortality in individuals with T2D. SAF showed a stronger association with future CVD events and mortality than cholesterol or blood pressure levels.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/mortalidad , Cardiomiopatías Diabéticas/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatías Diabéticas/mortalidad , Piel/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Aterosclerosis/epidemiología , Aterosclerosis/etiología , Glucemia/análisis , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Colesterol/sangre , Estudios de Cohortes , Cardiomiopatías Diabéticas/etiología , Femenino , Fluorescencia , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Factores Sexuales
4.
Genes Immun ; 21(2): 100-108, 2020 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31932740

RESUMEN

The genes regulating circulating levels of soluble gp130 (sgp130), the antagonist of the inflammatory response in atherosclerosis driven by interleukin 6, are largely unknown. Aims of the present study were to identify genetic loci associated with circulating sgp130 and to explore the potential association between variants associated with sgp130 and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. The study is based on IMPROVE (n = 3703), a cardiovascular multicentre study designed to investigate the determinants of carotid intima media thickness, a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis. Genomic DNA was genotyped by the CardioMetaboChip and ImmunoChip. About 360,842 SNPs were tested for association with log-transformed sgp130, using linear regression adjusted for age, gender, and population stratification using PLINK v1.07. A p value of 1 × 10-5 was chosen as threshold for significance value. In an exploratory analysis, SNPs associated with sgp130 were tested for association with c-IMT measures. We identified two SNPs significantly associated with sgp130 levels and 24 showing suggestive association with sgp130 levels. One SNP (rs17688225) on chromosome 14 was positively associated with sgp130 serum levels (ß = 0.03 SE = 0.007, p = 4.77 × 10-5) and inversely associated with c-IMT (c-IMTmean-max ß = -0.001 SE = 0.005, p = 0.0342). Our data indicate that multiple loci regulate sgp130 levels and suggest a possible common pathway between sgp130 and c-IMT measures.


Asunto(s)
Aterosclerosis/sangre , Aterosclerosis/genética , Receptor gp130 de Citocinas/sangre , Receptor gp130 de Citocinas/genética , Anciano , Aterosclerosis/patología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Grosor Intima-Media Carotídeo , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Sitios Genéticos , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Variación Genética , Humanos , Interleucina-6/sangre , Interleucina-6/genética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Factores de Riesgo
5.
Rheumatology (Oxford) ; 59(5): 1021-1025, 2020 05 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31529103

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To assess the minimally invasive single-port thoracoscopic sympathicotomy feasibility and efficacy in patients with treatment-resistant RP. METHODS: Single-port thoracoscopic sympathicotomy was performed unilaterally on the left side in eight patients with RP (six males, two females, with a median age of 45.2 years). Five patients had primary and three had secondary RP. Perfusion effects in the hands were assessed at baseline and after 1 month by using a cooling and recovery procedure, and by using laser speckle contrast analysis. Number and duration of RP attacks were reported over a 2-week period. RESULTS: Patient satisfaction was 100% after surgery. After surgery, a unilateral improvement in perfusion was observed in the left hand compared with the right hand, with cooling and recovery (P = 0.008) and with laser speckle contrast analysis (P = 0.023). In addition, the number and duration of the attacks in the left hand decreased compared with the right hand (both P = 0.028). No serious adverse events occurred in a follow-up period of at least 10 months. CONCLUSION: Single-port thoracoscopic sympathicotomy is feasible and can be effective in improving hand perfusion in patients with RP. However, long-term efficacy needs to be established. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02680509.


Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos/métodos , Satisfacción del Paciente , Enfermedad de Raynaud/cirugía , Simpatectomía/métodos , Toracoscopía/métodos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Enfermedad de Raynaud/diagnóstico , Medición de Riesgo , Resultado del Tratamiento
6.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord ; 20(1): 195, 2020 04 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32326893

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with aging, diabetes mellitus (DM), and other chronic diseases. Recently, the accumulation of AGEs can be evaluated by skin autofluorescence (SAF). However, the relationship between SAF levels and exercise capacity in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between the tissue accumulation of AGEs and clinical characteristics, including exercise capacity, in patients with CVD. METHODS: We enrolled 319 consecutive CVD patients aged ≥40 years who underwent early phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR) at our university hospital between November 2015 and September 2017. Patient background, clinical data, and the accumulation of AGEs assessed by SAF were recorded at the beginning of CR. Characteristics were compared between two patient groups divided according to the median SAF level (High SAF and Low SAF). RESULTS: The High SAF group was significantly older and exhibited a higher prevalence of DM than the Low SAF group. The sex ratio did not differ between the two groups. AGE levels showed significant negative correlations with peak oxygen uptake and ventilator efficiency (both P <  0.0001). Exercise capacity was significantly lower in the high SAF group than in the low SAF group, regardless of the presence or absence of DM (P <  0.05). A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SAF level was an independent factor associated with reduced exercise capacity (odds ratio 2.10; 95% confidence interval 1.13-4.05; P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: High levels of tissue accumulated AGEs, as assessed by SAF, were significantly and independently associated with reduced exercise capacity. These data suggest that measuring the tissue accumulation of AGEs may be useful in patients who have undergone CR, irrespective of whether they have DM.


Asunto(s)
Rehabilitación Cardiaca , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/terapia , Tolerancia al Ejercicio , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Piel/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/fisiopatología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento
7.
PLoS Genet ; 13(4): e1006706, 2017 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28369058

RESUMEN

Recent advances in highly multiplexed immunoassays have allowed systematic large-scale measurement of hundreds of plasma proteins in large cohort studies. In combination with genotyping, such studies offer the prospect to 1) identify mechanisms involved with regulation of protein expression in plasma, and 2) determine whether the plasma proteins are likely to be causally implicated in disease. We report here the results of genome-wide association (GWA) studies of 83 proteins considered relevant to cardiovascular disease (CVD), measured in 3,394 individuals with multiple CVD risk factors. We identified 79 genome-wide significant (p<5e-8) association signals, 55 of which replicated at P<0.0007 in separate validation studies (n = 2,639 individuals). Using automated text mining, manual curation, and network-based methods incorporating information on expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), we propose plausible causal mechanisms for 25 trans-acting loci, including a potential post-translational regulation of stem cell factor by matrix metalloproteinase 9 and receptor-ligand pairs such as RANK-RANK ligand. Using public GWA study data, we further evaluate all 79 loci for their causal effect on coronary artery disease, and highlight several potentially causal associations. Overall, a majority of the plasma proteins studied showed evidence of regulation at the genetic level. Our results enable future studies of the causal architecture of human disease, which in turn should aid discovery of new drug targets.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores/sangre , Proteínas Sanguíneas/genética , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/genética , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/sangre , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/genética , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Humanos , Masculino
8.
Diabetologia ; 62(2): 269-280, 2019 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30460578

RESUMEN

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Earlier studies have shown that skin autofluorescence measured with an AGE reader estimates the accumulation of AGEs in the skin, which increases with ageing and is associated with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we examined whether the measurement of skin autofluorescence can predict 4 year risk of incident type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in the general population. METHODS: For this prospective analysis, we included 72,880 participants of the Dutch Lifelines Cohort Study, who underwent baseline investigations between 2007 and 2013, had validated baseline skin autofluorescence values available and were not known to have diabetes or CVD. Individuals were diagnosed with incident type 2 diabetes by self-report or by a fasting blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l or HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol (≥6.5%) at follow-up. Participants were diagnosed as having incident CVD (myocardial infarction, coronary interventions, cerebrovascular accident, transient ischaemic attack, intermittent claudication or vascular surgery) by self-report. Mortality was ascertained using the Municipal Personal Records Database. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 4 years (range 0.5-10 years), 1056 participants (1.4%) had developed type 2 diabetes, 1258 individuals (1.7%) were diagnosed with CVD, while 928 (1.3%) had died. Baseline skin autofluorescence was elevated in participants with incident type 2 diabetes and/or CVD and in those who had died (all p < 0.001), compared with individuals who survived and remained free of the two diseases. Skin autofluorescence predicted the development of type 2 diabetes, CVD and mortality, independent of several traditional risk factors, such as the metabolic syndrome, glucose and HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The non-invasive skin autofluorescence measurement is of clinical value for screening for future risk of type 2 diabetes, CVD and mortality, independent of glycaemic measures and the metabolic syndrome.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico por imagen , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen Óptica/métodos , Piel/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Anciano , Glucemia , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/mortalidad , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo
9.
J Proteome Res ; 17(2): 870-878, 2018 02 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29235871

RESUMEN

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in individuals with diabetes. The current study objective was to determine the circulating metabolite profiles associated with the risk of future cardiovascular events, with emphasis on diabetes status. Nontargeted metabolomics analysis was performed by LC-HRMS in combination with targeted quantification of eicosanoids and endocannabinoids. Plasma from 375 individuals from the IMPROVE pan-European cohort was included in a case-control study design. Following data processing, the three metabolite data sets were concatenated to produce a single data set of 267 identified metabolites. Factor analysis identified six factors that described 26.6% of the variability in the given set of predictors. An association with cardiovascular events was only observed for one factor following adjustment (p = 0.026). From this factor, we identified a free fatty acid signature (n = 10 lipids, including saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids) that was associated with lower risk of future cardiovascular events in nondiabetics only (OR = 0.65, 0.27-0.80 95% CI, p = 0.030), whereas no association was observed among diabetic individuals. These observations support the hypothesis that increased levels of circulating omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids are associated with protective effects against future cardiovascular events. However, these effects were only observed in the nondiabetic population, further highlighting the need for patient stratification in clinical investigations.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Omega-6/sangre , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Diabetes Mellitus/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Eicosanoides/sangre , Endocannabinoides/sangre , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oxilipinas/sangre , Pronóstico , Factores Protectores , Factores de Riesgo
10.
J Vasc Surg ; 66(6): 1696-1703.e1, 2017 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28655550

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Accumulation of AGEs is driven by oxidative or glycemic stress and can be assessed by skin autofluorescence (SAF). SAF is increased in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and independently associated with mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events in these patients. PAD and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) share several risk factors. Inflammation is an important process in AAA formation and increases levels of oxidative stress. We therefore hypothesized that SAF would be increased in AAA patients compared with controls. METHODS: A case-control study was performed in 248 AAA patients and 124 controls without AAA or PAD matched for age and presence of diabetes mellitus. SAF was noninvasively assessed with the AGE Reader (Diagnoptics Technologies BV, Groningen, The Netherlands). RESULTS: SAF was higher in AAA patients than in controls: 2.89 ± 0.63 vs 2.68 ± 0.63 arbitrary units (P = .003). PAD comorbidity was associated with increased SAF within the AAA patient group (P = .01). After correction for known factors influencing SAF (age, current smoking, hypertension, and estimated glomerular filtration rate), PAD comorbidity remained an independent determinant of SAF. Logistic regression analysis of the total cohort showed an unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-2.51) for the presence of AAA with each unit increase of SAF and an adjusted OR of 1.78 (95% CI, 1.22-2.60) after correction for cardiovascular comorbidity (cerebrovascular disease and coronary artery disease). After additional correction for sex, current smoking, hypertension, and use of lipid-lowering drugs, this significance was lost (adjusted OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 0.94-2.48). CONCLUSIONS: Skin accumulation of AGEs, measured by SAF, is increased in patients with AAA compared with controls without AAA or PAD, independent of the presence of coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease. In AAA patients, SAF is closely associated with the presence of PAD and cardiovascular risk factors.


Asunto(s)
Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/metabolismo , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/análisis , Piel/química , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/epidemiología , Biomarcadores/análisis , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Comorbilidad , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Países Bajos , Oportunidad Relativa , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/epidemiología , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/metabolismo , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Regulación hacia Arriba
11.
Diabetes Obes Metab ; 19(8): 1147-1154, 2017 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28244635

RESUMEN

AIMS: To evaluate the effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin on aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) as a surrogate marker of arterial stiffness and early atherosclerosis in people with early type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A total of 45 people with type 2 diabetes (median [interquartile range] age 63 [54-66] years, 61% men, mean ± standard deviation glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] 6.3% ± 0.4% [45 ± 4.6 mmol/mol]), without cardiovascular disease and naïve to antidiabetic treatment, were randomized (1:1) to treatment with linagliptin 5 mg once daily or placebo for 26 weeks in a double-blind fashion. PWV was assessed at baseline, 4 and 26 weeks of treatment, and again at 30, 4 weeks after treatment. The primary endpoint was between-group difference in PWV (corrected for systolic blood pressure [SBP]) at week 26. Secondary endpoints included differences in central SBP and augmentation index (AIx). RESULTS: Compared with placebo, 26 weeks of linagliptin decreased PWV by an average of 0.91 m/s (95% confidence interval -1.76 to -0.06; P = .035). PWV returned to baseline after 4 weeks washout. Differences in central SBP and AIx were not different between linagliptin and placebo. Linagliptin decreased HbA1c (-0.4%; P < .001), fasting plasma glucose (-0.7 mmol/L; P = .002) and triglycerides (-0.49 mmol/L; P = .019) as compared with placebo. The changes in body weight, cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Linagliptin decreased aortic PWV in people with early-stage type 2 diabetes as compared with placebo after 26 weeks of treatment. These results suggest that linagliptin has a favourable effect on arterial stiffness.


Asunto(s)
Aterosclerosis/prevención & control , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Angiopatías Diabéticas/prevención & control , Inhibidores de la Dipeptidil-Peptidasa IV/uso terapéutico , Hiperglucemia/prevención & control , Linagliptina/uso terapéutico , Rigidez Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Aorta , Aterosclerosis/complicaciones , Aterosclerosis/fisiopatología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Angiopatías Diabéticas/fisiopatología , Inhibidores de la Dipeptidil-Peptidasa IV/efectos adversos , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Humanos , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Hipertensión/prevención & control , Hipertrigliceridemia/complicaciones , Hipertrigliceridemia/fisiopatología , Hipertrigliceridemia/prevención & control , Hipoglucemia/inducido químicamente , Hipoglucemia/prevención & control , Linagliptina/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de la Onda del Pulso , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad
12.
Rheumatology (Oxford) ; 55(6): 1083-90, 2016 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26976953

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the association between plethysmographically measured vasospasms during stepwise cooling and recovery, as an index for digital ischaemia, and nailfold capillaroscopic pattern (NCP) severity in patients with primary or secondary RP, including SSc. METHODS: In 381 consecutive patients with suspected RP without a history of digital ulcers, NCP (assessed by widefield videocapillaroscopy), fingertip photoelectric plethysmography during cooling and recovery and clinical characteristics were analysed. NCPs were graded as follows: normal, non-specific, early and active. The mean ischaemic time was defined as the mean time of perfusion loss during cooling and recovery of five fingers. RESULTS: In the patients with loss of perfusion during cooling and recovery, the NCP was normal in 152, non-specific in 96, early in 61 and active in 39 patients. The mean ischaemic time was positively associated with the severity of NCP, with P < 0.05 for each two- or three-grade increase and independent of underlying SSc. The difference was most pronounced during recovery. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that the degree of vasospasm and ischaemia provoked by stepwise cooling and recovery are positively associated with NCP in patients with RP of different aetiologies and without a history of digital ulcers.


Asunto(s)
Dedos/irrigación sanguínea , Isquemia/diagnóstico por imagen , Angioscopía Microscópica , Enfermedad de Raynaud/fisiopatología , Esclerodermia Sistémica/complicaciones , Adulto , Frío/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Isquemia/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pletismografía/métodos , Enfermedad de Raynaud/etiología , Esclerodermia Sistémica/fisiopatología
13.
Glycoconj J ; 33(4): 527-35, 2016 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27287226

RESUMEN

Glycation is important in the development of complications of diabetes mellitus and may have a central role in the well-described glycaemic memory effect in developing these complications. Skin fluorescence has emerged over the last decade as a non-invasive method for assessing accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts. Skin fluorescence is independently related to micro- and macrovascular complications in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with mortality in type 2 diabetes. The relation between skin fluorescence and cardiovascular disease also extends to other conditions with increased tissue AGE levels, such as renal failure. Besides cardiovascular complications, skin fluorescence has been associated, more recently, with other prevalent conditions in diabetes, such as brain atrophy and depression. Furthermore, skin fluorescence is related to past long-term glycaemic control and clinical markers of cardiovascular disease. This review will discuss the technique of skin fluorescence, its validation as a marker of tissue AGE accumulation, and its use as a clinical tool for the prediction of long-term complications in diabetes mellitus.


Asunto(s)
Complicaciones de la Diabetes/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Fluorescencia , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Piel/metabolismo , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/diagnóstico , Humanos
14.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol ; 35(6): 1532-7, 2015 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25882066

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Patients with peripheral artery disease are at risk for critical limb ischemia and amputation. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products is increased and predictive for coronary and cerebrovascular events in several high cardiovascular risk groups. We hypothesized that accumulation of tissue advanced glycation end products, measured by skin autofluorescence (SAF), predicts amputation in patients with peripheral artery disease. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Between October 2007 and June 2008, 252 patients with peripheral artery disease were included at the outpatient clinic. During a 5-year follow-up, 22 (9%) had an amputation because of critical limb ischemia. Competing risks regression analysis showed a subproportional hazard ratio of 3.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.87-4.96); P<0.0001 for amputation per unit incease of SAF. After correction for diabetes mellitus and Fontaine stage, subproportional hazard ratio was 2.72 (95% CI, 1.38-5.39); P=0.004. In patients with Fontaine stage I and II only (n=215), SAF was the only predictor for amputation, subproportional hazard ratio 4.05 (95% CI, 2.09-7.83); P<0.0001. Fontaine stage multiplied by SAF resulted in a significant increase of the area under the curve for prediction of amputation when compared with Fontaine stage only: area under the curve increased from 0.74 (95% CI, 0.63-0.86) to 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74-0.92); P=0.003. CONCLUSIONS: Skin autofluorescence, as a measure of tissue advanced glycation end products deposition, predicts amputation in patients with peripheral artery disease during a 5-year follow-up, independent from the presence of diabetes mellitus and Fontaine stage. Even at lower Fontaine stage (I or II), SAF is a strong predictor of amputation. The multiplication of Fontaine stage by SAF results in a good prediction model of amputation.


Asunto(s)
Amputación Quirúrgica , Extremidades/irrigación sanguínea , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/sangre , Imagen Óptica , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/sangre , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/cirugía , Piel/irrigación sanguínea , Anciano , Diabetes Mellitus/sangre , Angiopatías Diabéticas/sangre , Angiopatías Diabéticas/cirugía , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Isquemia/etiología , Isquemia/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/complicaciones , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo
15.
Rheumatology (Oxford) ; 54(7): 1257-61, 2015 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25587178

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increased in RA. This study was designed to evaluate whether a reduction in disease activity influences early markers of CVD. METHODS: In a prospective longitudinal study, 58 newly diagnosed RA patients and 58 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included. Endothelial dysfunction was measured by small artery elasticity (SAE) and endothelial cell activation was assessed by measuring soluble vascular cellular activation molecule 1(sVCAM-1) and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were quantified by skin autofluorescence. After 1 year, measurements were repeated in all RA patients. RESULTS: At entry, SAE was decreased in RA vs HCs [median 3.4 ml/mmHg100 (range 1.2-9.0) vs 6.1 (range 5.0-15.3), P < 0.0001] and sVCAM-1 and vWF were increased: 391 ng/ml (range 256-680) vs 341 (range 223-691) (P = 0.0015) and 120 ng/ml (range 26.5-342) vs 99 (range 22-298) (P = 0.02), respectively. SAE was inversely correlated with the 28-joint DAS (DAS28; r = -0.31, P = 0.016). AGEs were increased by 2.55 arbitrary units (range 1.29-4.65) vs 2.12 (range 1.32-3.82) in HCs (P = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, the presence of RA, age and systolic blood pressure were independently and inversely related to SAE. After 1 year, SAE had significantly improved in RA, from 3.4 (range 1.2-9.0) to 3.8 (range 1.5-10.3) (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Endothelial dysfunction is present in newly diagnosed RA patients, independently of traditional risk factors and is inversely correlated with disease activity. By reducing disease activity, endothelial dysfunction improves, although not to normal values. Also, a reduction in disease activity targeting traditional risk factors remains important in preventing CVD in RA.


Asunto(s)
Artritis Reumatoide/complicaciones , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/sangre , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Celular Vascular/sangre , Factor de von Willebrand/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antirreumáticos/uso terapéutico , Artritis Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Artritis Reumatoide/tratamiento farmacológico , Biomarcadores/sangre , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/fisiopatología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Elasticidad/fisiología , Endotelio Vascular/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto Joven
16.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol ; 34(4): 933-8, 2014 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24526694

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Advanced glycation end products play a pivotal role in atherosclerosis. Recently, we showed that tissue advanced glycation end products deposition, noninvasively assessed by skin autofluorescence (SAF), is increased in patients with peripheral artery disease. The aim of the present study was to establish whether SAF is associated with all-cause mortality and with fatal or nonfatal major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with peripheral artery disease. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We performed a single-center prospective cohort study of 252 patients with peripheral artery disease (mean age, 66±11 years), recruited from the outpatient clinic (October 2007 to June 2008) who were followed until June 2013. SAF was measured with the AGE Reader. The primary end point was all-cause mortality, and the secondary end point was fatal or nonfatal MACE, defined as cardiovascular death and nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke. During a median follow-up of 5.1 (interquartile range, 5.0-5.3) years, 62 (25%) patients died. Fatal or nonfatal MACE occurred in 62 (25%) patients. A higher SAF was associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio per unit increase, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.40-2.88; P=0.0002) and fatal or nonfatal MACE (hazard ratio, 1.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-2.60; P=0.001), also after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and the use of lipid-lowering drugs (hazard ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-2.34; P=0.009 and hazard ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.17; P=0.03, for all-cause mortality and fatal and nonfatal MACE, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: SAF as a measure of advanced glycation end products deposition is independently associated with all-cause mortality and fatal or nonfatal MACE in patients with peripheral artery disease after a 5-year follow-up.


Asunto(s)
Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/metabolismo , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/mortalidad , Piel/metabolismo , Anciano , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Mediciones Luminiscentes , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/mortalidad , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/metabolismo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/mortalidad , Factores de Tiempo
17.
Diabetologia ; 57(6): 1159-72, 2014 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24663808

RESUMEN

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The findings of studies investigating whether or not low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration promotes development of atherosclerosis have been contradictory. The present study employed a Mendelian randomisation approach and carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT), a surrogate marker of coronary artery disease, to address this question. METHODS: The multicentre, longitudinal Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and IMT-Progression as Predictors of Vascular Events in a High-Risk European Population (IMPROVE) cohort study, which enrolled individuals with at least three cardiovascular risk factors and no history or symptoms of cardiovascular disease, was used for the present investigation. Participants underwent carotid ultrasound examination at baseline and at months 15 and 30. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum 25(OH)D concentration in genome-wide association studies were identified and genotyped in 3,418 individuals, of whom 929 had type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: SNPs in the genes encoding vitamin D binding protein (GC; rs2282679 and rs7041) and 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase/NAD synthetase-1 (DHCR7; rs12785878 and rs3829251) were negatively associated with 25(OH)D levels. Effect sizes and significance of associations between SNPs and 25(OH)D levels differed between individuals with and without type 2 diabetes, although no significant interactions were observed. A SNP in DHCR7 interacted with type 2 diabetes to significantly influence progression of cIMT measures independent of 25(OH)D levels and established risk factors. Expression analysis demonstrated that this SNP modulates DHCR7 mRNA levels in aortic adventitia. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: SNPs in GC and DHCR7 were associated with serum levels of 25(OH)D, but only rs3829251 (DHCR7) influenced progression of subclinical atherosclerosis, as measured by cIMT, in a manner dependent on type 2 diabetes status but independent of 25(OH)D levels.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Oxidorreductasas actuantes sobre Donantes de Grupo CH-CH/genética , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Anciano , Grosor Intima-Media Carotídeo , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Genotipo , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Vitamina D/sangre
18.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol ; 33(9): 2273-9, 2013 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23825364

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether several different measures of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) progression are associated with subsequent vascular events and whether such associations are independent of baseline carotid atherosclerotic profile and Framingham risk factors. APPROACH AND RESULTS: A longitudinal cohort study (the Carotid Intima Media Thickness [IMT] and IMT-Progression as Predictors of Vascular Events in a High Risk European Population study) was performed in 7 centers in 5 European countries (Finland, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Sweden). Three thousand four hundred eighty-two subjects (median age 64.1 years; 47.8% men) with ≥ 3 vascular risk factors were recruited and monitored for a postprogression median follow-up of 21.5 months, during which time 129 subjects experienced a first vascular event (incidence of 20.4 per 1000 person-years). The 15th month progression of mean and maximum carotid IMT of the left and right common carotids, bifurcations, internal carotid arteries, and their composite measures, as well as the fastest IMTmax progression (Fastest-IMT(max-progr)) detected in the whole carotid tree regardless of location, were used in statistical analyses. All carotid IMT measures showed significant progression during the first 15 months (P<0.001), but only the Fastest-IMT(max-progr) was significantly associated with the risk of subsequent vascular events. The Fastest-IMT(max-progr) association persisted after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons and after adjustments for Framingham risk factors and pharmacological treatments (all P<0.005). The use of Framingham Risk Score in place of Framingham risk factors provided almost identical results (P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The Fastest-IMT(max-progr), a novel approach to assess carotid IMT progression, identifies focal increases of carotid IMT and, in contrast to other progression variables, is associated with cardiovascular risk.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagen , Grosor Intima-Media Carotídeo , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/epidemiología , Cardiopatías/epidemiología , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/epidemiología , Anciano , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/mortalidad , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/mortalidad , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Femenino , Cardiopatías/mortalidad , Humanos , Incidencia , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/mortalidad , Placa Aterosclerótica , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Prospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo
19.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol ; 33(1): 131-8, 2013 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23139292

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Evidence for an important role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease beyond diabetes mellitus and renal disease is growing. Skin autofluorescence (SAF) is a validated noninvasive measure of tissue AGEs. We hypothesized that SAF is elevated in peripheral artery disease (PAD). METHODS AND RESULTS: A case-control study was performed in 492 patients with PAD and 164 controls, matched for age (mean 66 ± 10 years) and presence of diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidity (coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm) were assessed. SAF was measured with the AGE Reader. SAF was higher in patients compared with controls: geometric mean 2.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.71-2.83) versus 2.44 (95% CI, 2.35-2.53) arbitrary units, P=0.4×10(-8). In logistic regression, the adjusted odds ratio for the presence of PAD was 2.47 (95% CI, 1.66-3.69) per 1 unit increase of SAF. PAD patients with cardiovascular comorbidity had a higher SAF compared with those without: geometric mean 2.93 (95% CI, 2.85-3.02) versus 2.63 (95% CI, 2.55-2.71) arbitrary units, P=0.4×10(-6), also after correction for confounders. Regression analysis showed that age, smoking, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and a history of cerebrovascular disease or abdominal aortic aneurysm were independently associated with SAF in the patients with PAD. CONCLUSIONS: Accumulation of tissue AGEs is increased in patients with PAD, independent of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidity, although these conditions are associated with a further increase. These findings underscore the importance of AGEs in PAD, irrespective of the presence of diabetes mellitus and renal insufficiency.


Asunto(s)
Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Imagen Óptica , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/metabolismo , Absorción Cutánea , Piel/metabolismo , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Oportunidad Relativa , Imagen Óptica/métodos , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/epidemiología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Fumar/efectos adversos , Fumar/epidemiología , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia , Regulación hacia Arriba
20.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol ; 33(11): 2633-8, 2013 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24072691

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in cardiovascular disease and is associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. We investigated the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration in relation to latitude, baseline carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and IMT progression, the carotid IMT measures being surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease risk. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Serum 25(OH)D concentration was related to high-resolution carotid IMT measures in 3430 middle-aged and elderly subjects with high cardiovascular risk but no prevalent disease, who were recruited at 7 centers in Finland, Sweden, The Netherlands, France, and Italy. Participants underwent carotid ultrasound examination at baseline and at months 15 and 30 after entry into the study, whereas blood samples, clinical data, and information about lifestyle were collected at baseline. Serum 25(OH)D levels were positively associated with latitude (Jonckheere-Terpstra χ=166.643; P<0.001) and, as previously reported, associated with a range of cardiovascular risk factors. There were no independent relationships between 25(OH)D and segment-specific or composite IMT measures in the entire cohort. In analyses stratified by sex, diabetes mellitus, and statin treatment, weak associations with some baseline and progression measures of carotid IMT were observed in males, diabetics, and nonstatin-treated individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of 25(OH)D differed across Europe, were highest in the North, showed multiple associations with established and emerging cardiovascular risk factors but were not consistently, independently related to measures of carotid IMT. This argues against a protective role of vitamin D against subclinical atherosclerosis in high-risk individuals.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/metabolismo , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Anciano , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagen , Grosor Intima-Media Carotídeo , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Vitamina D/sangre
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