RESUMEN
Feasibility of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) as an efficient and safe adjunct to the standardized treatment protocol and its possible immunomodulatory impact were assessed in the prospective and controlled study of 44 patients with diagnosed acute pancreatitis (AP). The course of the disease was accompanied by systemic inflammatory response syndrome (AIRS) in all the patients on admission. The impact of AP and HBO on homeostasis, the number of performed operations, mortality rates, the levels of two cytokines, intraabdominal pressure, and side effects caused by HBO were evaluated. A treatment group consisted of 22 patients receiving HBO therapy for 3 days (twice a day) using a monoplace chamber under pressures of 1.7-1.9 ATA. Patients (n = 22) in the control group were managed in accordance with the standardized treatment protocol. The authors found more stable homeostasis, decreased mortality rate, and the number of operations in the HBO group. This type of additional therapy, possibly contributed to the decrease of intraabdominal pressure within the first six days after admission. The findings suggest HBO can affect an inflammatory response, by decreasing the levels pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing those of anti-inflammatory ones.
Asunto(s)
Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica , Pancreatitis , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica , Biomarcadores/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/efectos adversos , Interleucina-6/sangre , Cinética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pancreatitis/complicaciones , Pancreatitis/inmunología , Pancreatitis/terapia , Estudios Prospectivos , Receptores Tipo II del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral/sangre , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica/etiología , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica/inmunología , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica/terapia , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Some anaesthetic aspects of heterologous extracorporeal hepatic support for patients with acute liver failure have been investigated in animals and men. Two types of anaesthesia during hepatectomy in pigs were performed in 20 experiments divided into two groups. A convenient anaesthetic technique was found to be the combined use of neuroleptanalgesics, gamma-OH, small doses of thiopental sodium and nitrous oxide--oxygen mixture. The necessity for care in the procedure of temporary liver support for 'poor-risk' patients is outlined. A minimal use of drugs which are metabolized by the liver, and avoidance of potent analgesics, narcotics, hypotension and hypoxia are the main principles for safe extracorporeal hepatic assistance to critically ill patients.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia General/métodos , Circulación Extracorporea/métodos , Circulación Hepática , Hepatopatías/terapia , Neuroleptanalgesia , Adulto , Animales , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Circulación Extracorporea/efectos adversos , Femenino , Hepatectomía , Humanos , Hígado/metabolismo , Medicación Preanestésica/métodos , PorcinosRESUMEN
Complex therapy, using hemosorption in combination with hemodialysis and hyperbaric oxygenation, was suggested for the treatment of patients with terminal stages of icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis. Such complex therapy decreased the mortality rate of patients with terminal stages of icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis from 76-96% to 18-22% and reduced the in-hospital stay from 60-80 to 35-40 days.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Weil/terapia , Hemoperfusión , Humanos , ResucitaciónAsunto(s)
Circulación Asistida , Encefalopatía Hepática/terapia , Hígado , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , PorcinosAsunto(s)
Anestésicos/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Analgésicos Opioides , Anestesia por Inhalación , Anestesia Intravenosa , Anestésicos/toxicidad , Ansiolíticos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antipsicóticos , Inducción Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Microsomas Hepáticos/enzimología , Relajantes Musculares Centrales , Antagonistas de Narcóticos , ParasimpatolíticosAsunto(s)
Anestesia General/efectos adversos , Urgencias Médicas , Jugo Gástrico , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/prevención & control , Neumonía por Aspiración/prevención & control , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos , Adolescente , Adulto , Antiácidos/uso terapéutico , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Determinación de la Acidez Gástrica , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Medicación Preanestésica , Embarazo , SíndromeAsunto(s)
Anestesia General , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Anestesia Intravenosa , Animales , Fentanilo/administración & dosificación , Hexobarbital/administración & dosificación , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Hígado/fisiología , Circulación Hepática/efectos de los fármacos , Neuroleptanalgesia , Oxibato de Sodio/administración & dosificación , Porcinos , Tubocurarina/administración & dosificaciónAsunto(s)
Hepatectomía , Circulación Hepática , Trasplante de Hígado , Hígado/anatomía & histología , Hígado/metabolismo , Perfusión , Acidosis/etiología , Animales , Glucemia , Dióxido de Carbono/sangre , Perros , Venas Hepáticas , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Hipoxia , Métodos , Oxígeno/sangre , Vena Porta , Potasio/sangre , Conservación de Tejido , Trasplante Homólogo , Resistencia VascularAsunto(s)
Circulación Extracorporea , Hexobarbital/farmacología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Propanidida/farmacología , Tiopental/farmacología , Equilibrio Ácido-Base/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Bilis/metabolismo , Perros , Circulación Hepática/efectos de los fármacos , Consumo de Oxígeno/efectos de los fármacosAsunto(s)
Anestesia Endotraqueal , Trasplante de Riñón , Neuroleptanalgesia , Medicación Preanestésica , Barbitúricos/administración & dosificación , Cadáver , Dioxolanos/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Relajantes Musculares Centrales/administración & dosificación , Pregnanodionas/administración & dosificación , Pirrolidinas/administración & dosificación , Oxibato de Sodio/administración & dosificación , Trasplante HomólogoAsunto(s)
Benperidol/toxicidad , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas , Fentanilo/toxicidad , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Neuroleptanalgesia , Animales , Bilis/metabolismo , Perros , Hígado/metabolismo , Circulación Hepática/efectos de los fármacos , Glucógeno Hepático/metabolismo , Consumo de Oxígeno/efectos de los fármacos , PerfusiónAsunto(s)
Encefalopatía Hepática/cirugía , Hepatopatías/cirugía , Perfusión , Donantes de Tejidos , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Animales , Femenino , Encefalopatía Hepática/metabolismo , Humanos , Hepatopatías/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Porcinos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The European anaesthesia workforce is facing increased demand and expansion of the labour market, which may likely exceed supply. This survey assesses the numbers and practice patterns of anaesthesiologists and studies migration and shortage of the anaesthesia workforce in Europe. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all national European anaesthesia societies. Countries were grouped according to their relationship with the European Union. RESULTS: The number of anaesthesiologists per 100,000 population varies between 2.7 (Turkey) and 20.7 (Estonia). There seems to be no clear evidence for feminization of the anaesthesia workforce. Anaesthesia physician training lasts between 3 yr (Armenia, Belarus, Uzbekistan) and 7 yr (Ireland, UK), and seems to positively correlate with the number of trainees. Throughout Europe, anaesthesiologists typically work in public practice, and are involved in the entire care chain of surgical patients (anaesthesia, intensive care, chronic pain and pre-hospital emergency medicine). The differences between European salaries for anaesthesiologists are up to 50-fold. Most Western European countries are recipients of migrating anaesthesiologists who often originate from the new member states of the European Union. However, it seems that expectations about anaesthesia workforce shortages are not confined to Eastern Europe. CONCLUSIONS: Each European country has its own unique workforce constellation and practice pattern. Westward migration of anaesthesiologists from those countries with access to the European Union labour market may be explained by substantial salary differences. There is a European-wide lack of systematic, comparable data about the anaesthesia workforce, which makes it difficult to accurately assess the supply of anaesthesiologists.
Asunto(s)
Anestesiología , Enfermeras Anestesistas/provisión & distribución , Médicos/provisión & distribución , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/organización & administración , Salarios y Beneficios/estadística & datos numéricos , Anestesiología/educación , Educación de Pregrado en Medicina/organización & administración , Emigración e Inmigración/tendencias , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Distribución por Sexo , Sociedades Médicas , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Recursos HumanosRESUMEN
Experiments were performed on mongrel dogs. Biochemical changes of the blood and functional disturbances in the organism were studied after a two-stage devascularization of the liver at different periods after the second stage, i.e. after the ligation of the hepatic artery. Early disturbances in the intermediary metabolism were the consequence of the two-stage devascularization, i.e. of the rise of the pyruvate and the lactate, an increase of ammonia in the blood and serum transaminases. Biochemical changes of the blood precede and accompany the encephalopathia and serious hemodynamic disturbances in the organism. The mentioned method was capable of causing hepatic coma.
Asunto(s)
Encefalopatía Hepática/fisiopatología , Hígado/irrigación sanguínea , Enfermedad Aguda , Animales , Sangre/metabolismo , Determinación de la Presión Sanguínea , Perros , Duodeno/irrigación sanguínea , Electrocardiografía , Electroencefalografía , Ligadura , Derivación Portocava Quirúrgica , Arteria Renal , Estómago/irrigación sanguíneaRESUMEN
Twenty experiments were performed on mongrel dogs. The absorptive and excretory function of the liver in the intact organism and during its isolated perfusion through the portal vein with the use of extracorporeal circulation was studied by means of the bromsulfaline test. The absorptive function of the perfused liver proved to decrease by 50-60 per cent. The rate of bile elimination and plasma clearance was 5-6 times higher at the beginning of the experiment in the intact organism. Later on, the difference in the degree of retention of the hepatic excretory function was reduced. Hypoxia connected with denervation, hepatectomy and the isolated perfusion proper apparently served as the principal cause of reduction of the absorptive-excretory function of the isolated liver.
Asunto(s)
Hígado/fisiología , Perfusión , Animales , Perros , Técnicas In Vitro , Pruebas de Función Hepática , SulfobromoftaleínaRESUMEN
Of 45 patients observed in the ICU with severe acute hepatic insufficiency, 15 patients were in hepatic coma. All patients received combined treatment consisting of standard conservative methods (drug therapy) and surgical methods for temporary support of liver function (hemodialysis, exchange blood transfusion, pig liver perfusion). Intensive therapy which began during the early phase of hepatic coma enabled us to bring six patients out of the coma, four of whom completely recovered. These studies showed that of the diseases causing hepatic coma, the worst results were obtained with viral hepatitis. This may be explained both by the extensive liver damage and marked metabolic disturbances, which led to failure of other vital organs and systems. At present, the combined therapy contributes to a greater percentage of recovery of patients with hepatic failure and coma.