[Modification of nucleic acids using [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition of azides and alkynes].

The use of the reaction of azide and alkyne cycloaddition for the synthesis of nucleic acid conjugates and DNA oligomer analogues is considered. The data on chemical and enzymatic techniques of azides and alkynes introduction into DNA are summarized.

[Situation analysis for community regional preventing dental caries programme planning with water fluoridation use].

As the results of clarification of some technical parameters of community water supply systems, examination of 780 12-year-old children and F-concentration determination in 111 water samples in 13 cities (with population 50, 000 and more) of 7 regions of Russian Federation there were determined economical and technical conditions for planning and implementation regional communal dental caries preventing programmes with the use of water fluoridation. The received data in future let us make mapping of these regions for planning and choice substantiation of dental caries preventive programmes with endogenic use of fluoride.

[Method for determination of human individual sensitivity to fluoride].

Study for determination of human individual sensitivity to fluoride was performed on 140 patients of CRIS clinics of the age from 20 to 65 years. It was established that even in cases of F-concentrations analogous to high physiological F-concentrations in blood serum (0.19 ppm) in 11.4% of the examined patients the signs of higher F-sensitivity were observed. Human individual sensitivity to fluoride was dependant upon the severity of patient's status. The results received can be used as a base for tactics development of timely and adequate correction of F-dosage.

[Milk fluoridization efficacy in a controlled study and dental caries experience dynamics in conditions of wide availability of local F-containing means].

Cross-over, controlled, randomized and triple-blind study of F-milk efficacy and monitoring of F excretion with urine under conditions of wide availability of fluoride containing toothpastes was performed in Voronezh during last 10 years. F-milk project increasingly covered annually from 10 to 15 thousand of pre-school children. From them 335 children (11 kindergarteners -- age 6 years) regularly consuming F-milk during 3 years and 175 children (6 kindergarteners -- age 6 years) of the control group were examined. Statistics of the received data with 2 tail t-test has shown that between dmf (1.59+/-1.82) in children consuming F-milk and dmf (2.58+/-2.67) in children of the control group there is significant difference (p<0.001) with 96% of the statistical power. When implementing F-milk for 10 years running there were collected and analyzed data on caries experience in children 3, 6, 9 and 12 years (2004 vs. 1994). There is considerable reduction of caries incidence in all age groups in 2004, probably due to F containing toothpastes wide use and very active hygienic education of the population in Voronezh. At the same time dmf index in 6 year old children receiving F-milk was by 39% lower than in their contemporaries from the control group. F-intake monitoring in children 3, 4, 5 and 6 years of age has shown that F-milk (daily appr. 0.2 l with the level 2.5 ppm) use is a very effective method of F-deficiency elimination, leaving out any possibility of F-overdosage exceeding its physiologic needs.

[Lymphogranulomatosis: a systems analysis of the age- and sex-related characteristics of hemopoiesis and metabolism]. / Limfogranulematoz: sistemnyi analiz vozrastnykh i polovykh osobennostei gemopoéza i metabolizma.

72 clinical and laboratory features were analyzed on the IBM PC 486 for 126 new cases of lymphogranulomatosis prior to treatment. Myelograms were found to vary with sex and age of the patients demonstrating close relations between hemopoiesis and processes in the lymph nodes. In males maturation of myeloid elements KM was inhibited, though they had more monocytes KM. These monocytes got more numerous in unfavorable histological variants and generalization. Lymphopenia and monocytosis were more pronounced in patients under 30 becoming more severe in generalization and intoxication. Age-related changes in cholesterol in lymphogranulomatosis patients were abnormal: in older patients cholesterol was low. This phenomenon is extremely unfavorable. The findings elucidate prognostic value of sex and age in lymphogranulomatosis and suggest a hypothesis that monocytes (macrophages) and secreted by them monokines are responsible for specific intoxication, neutrophilia and lymphopenia. Berezovsky-Sternberg cells may be hybrids of macrophages and B-lymphocytes.

[Cerebral venous disorders in young patients with neurotic depression].

Authors examined 143 patients with neurotic depression using ultrasonic Doppler method. Disorders of the cerebral venous hemodynamics associated with clinical symptoms of the disease were found. It is recommended to use ultrasonic Doppler method for the diagnosis and objectification of functional changes in the cerebral blood circulation and for increasing treatment efficacy.

[Cerebral blood flow in neurotic depression: results of ultrasonic dopplerography].

Using the method of ultrasonic dopplerography, authors have investigated the cerebral blood flow in main arteries of the head on extra- and intracranial levels in 83 patients, aged from 20 to 50 years, with depression (ICD-10 codes F32-F33). Different clinical presentations, duration and severity of depression were described. Correlations between these characteristics and the state of cerebral blood flow and changes of sympathoadrenal system were found.

[The role of the bulbospinal respiratory neurons in generating the breathing rhythm]. / Rol' bul'bospinal'nykh dykhatel'nykh neironov v generatsii ritma dykhaniia.

The role of the medullary respiratory bulbospinal neurones in respiratory timing was studied. The respiratory neurones and phrenic activity were recorded in conditions of various types of stimulation of the descending axons in the spinal cord. The activation of the bulbospinal neurones by repetitive antidromic stimulation caused the increase of the breathing rhythm and changes of the structure of the respiratory cycle. The antidromic activation of these neurones by the brief train of stimuli evoked the phase reset of the respiratory cycle. The breathing system reproduced an artificial rhythmic regime of antidromic stimulation by brief trains of stimuli. The obtained data show that the activation of the respiratory bulbospinal neurons results in the change of the respiratory timing. Consequently the bulbospinal neurons take part in the generation of respiratory rhythm.

[The structural characteristics of the phrenic nucleus in the cat and their functional significance]. / Strukturnye osobennosti diafragmal'nogo iadra koshki i ikh funktsional'noe znachenie.

The structural elements of phrenic nucleus have been compared under the horseradish peroxidase introduction into the phrenic muscle and using a silver staining method. All the neurons of nucleus have been proposed to be motoneurons. The characteristic features of phrenic nucleus organisation are created by the groups of motoneurons and their dendritic bundles. Each nucleus contains about 800 motoneurons. Their sizes have been determined in three planes. Some functional characteristics of phrenic nucleus on the basis of its structural architecture are under discussion.

[Distribution of the fibers of the descending respiratory pathway in the phrenic nucleus of the cat]. / Raspredelenie nekotorykh volokon niskhodiashchego dykhatel'nogo puti v diafragmal'nom iadre koshki.

A distribution of degenerated fibers in contralateral phrenic nucleus of cats with chronic hemisection of the spinal cord under medulla oblongata has been studied. These fibers approach the nucleus after the partial secondary crossing of the descending respiratory pathway on the level of cervical segments. Degenerated fibers follow the dendrites of phrenic motoneurons and approach the basal segments of dendrites but do not reach the cell bodies. Possible mode of control over phrenic nucleus activity is under discussion.

[Contacts between dendrites in motor neurons of the cat diaphragm]. / O kontaktakh dendritov diafragmal'nykh motoneironov koshki.

Three radial and one longitudinal bundles of phrenic motoneuron dendrites have been detected. The dendrites were found to have spines and appendages which formed touching contacts with each other. If, as believed, some descending respiratory pathways terminate on the bundles, the touching contacts seem to be a substrate of phrenic motoneuron synchronous activation.