Stimuli-Responsive Naphthalenediimide Cd-MOFs Tuned by Different Aliphatic Dicarboxylic Acids with Extended Spacers.

A series of novel Cd metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (1-9) with different extended spacers with seven kinds of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids as secondary building linkers based on N,N'-di(4-pyridylacylamino)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide (NDI-A) have been designed and synthesized by changing the volume ratio of solvents under solvothermal conditions. In addition, the secondary building linkers of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids have different spacer lengths, resulting in different structures of complexes 1-9. So, their packing structures are affected by the degree of distortion of the NDI-A ligand, the different aliphatic dicarboxylic acids ligands, and the hydrogen-bonding patterns. Complexes 1-9 showed stimuli-responsive emission tuned by different aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with extended length spacers under UV light irradiation, accompanied by the color change from light orange to dark brown, and achieved reversible photochromic under heating, which indicates that they could serve as secret erasable inks. Moreover, complexes 1-9 exhibited selective vaporchromic behavior to methylamine (MA), and the vaporchromic sample could be recovered after washing with MeOH. It is worth noting that the preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-NDI-MOF films enables the photochromic and vaporchromic properties of complexes 1-9 to apply in practice. In addition, complexes 1-9 exhibited good fluorescence properties as sensing probes toward 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) with lower limits of detection. In short, this work provides a broad field to explore the creative NDI-MOF materials with photoactive and luminescent properties.

High-Symmetry Co/Ni Triazine Polycarboxylate Diverse Frameworks Constructed by Mx(COO)y Building Blocks: Characterization and Catalytic Performance Evaluation of p-Nitrophenol.

Three new triazine compounds [Co1.5(H3TDPAT)(H2O)3]·6H2O (1), [Co2(TCPT)(µ2-H2O)2]·OH (2), and [Ni3(TCPT)]·3OH (3) were designed and synthesized via the reaction of the symmetrical triazine ligand connected by C-N-C and C-O-C bonds with triazine poly(carboxylic acid)s ligands as the side arms: H6TDPAT (H6TDPAT = 2,4,6-tris(3,5-dicarboxylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine) and H3TCPT (H3TCPT = 2,4,6-tris(4-carboxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine) as well as the corresponding metal salts under the solvothermal condition. Three triazine polycarboxylate frameworks were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, and solid fluorescent spectra in detail. The structural analysis results showed that the three-dimensional porous cage framework of compound 1 was constructed by three different polyhedral cages connected with [Co(COO)4(H2O)2] building blocks. One of the compounds, 2, is formed by twin propeller Co2(µ2-H2O)(COO)3 building blocks connecting two-dimensional layers and the intermolecular π-π interactions involved the triazine rings between the layers. While the structure of compound 3 is similar to that of 2, assembly is by Ni(COO)3 building blocks and adjacent layers of the face-to-face π-π interaction between the triazine rings. In order to explore functional properties, the catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol (PNP) of compounds 1-3 was investigated. They exhibit excellent catalytic activity of more than 95% for reduction of PNP with a dose of 2.5 mg of the compounds.

Integrated Photoresponsive Alkaline Earth Metal Coordination Networks: Synthesis, Topology, Photochromism and Photoluminescence Investigation.

Photoresponsive materials are a key part of the age of smart technology that have potential in a broad range of applications. Coordination networks (CNs) are widely used due to their designability and stability. In this work, three novel alkaline earth metal coordination networks (AEM-CNs): [Mg(CMNDI)(H2 O)2 ], [Ca(CMNDI)(H2 O)2 ]⋅H2 O, and [Sr(CMNDI)(H2 O)(DMF)] with fsl, cds, and scn topology nets were synthetized via N,N'-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide (H2 CMNDI); the scn net is not found in the Reticular Chemistry Structure Resource or ToposPro. The reusable and sensitive photochromic properties of the three CNs enable them to be used as secret inks or ultraviolet detectors. In addition, the CNs also exhibited reusable photoluminescent turn-off toward the drug molecules, balsalazide disodium (Bal.) and colchicine (Col.), with good limits of detection of 0.16 and 0.70 µM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of a fluorescence sensor for Bal. Thus, the AEM-CNs provide a design idea for integrated photoresponsive materials that could be further improved in the near future by further study.

Three Pbx(COO)y Cluster Frameworks Based on a Flexible Triazinetricarboxylic Acid Ligand: Syntheses, Structures, and Fluorescent Sensing Application for Nitrophenols.

Three new metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely, [Pb7(TTPCA)4Cl2]·3H2O (1), [Pb7(TTPCA)4(DMA)2(HCOO)2]·H2O (2), and [Pb4(TTPCA)3]·3DMF·2H2O·H3O (3), were synthesized by the H3TTPCA ligand [H3TTPCA = 1,1',1″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)-tripiperidine-4-carboxylic acid], with lead(II) nitrate under solvothermal conditions. They were characterized by CHN analysis, IR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. In addition, their thermogravimetric analysis and fluorescence properties were studied. Compounds 1-3 were 3D MOF structures with different Pbx(COO)y clusters: ([Pb7(COO)12Cl2]), ([Pb7(COO)12]), and [Pb8(COO)18]. Fluorescence detection of compounds 1-3 shows that they can act as excellent sensors of nitrophenols with a low limit of detection and a high quenching constant.

Cu-MOF Material Constructed with a Triazine Polycarboxylate Skeleton: Multifunctional Identify and Microdetecting of the Aromatic Diamine Family (o,m,p-Phenylenediamine) Based on the Luminescent Response.

Organic aromatic amines are widely used in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes, and tobacco smoke. The pollution of organic amines has become a problem that cannot be ignored, due to the extensive harmful effects on the environment and public health, which has become one of the most concerned frontier fields in the world. Identifying and microdetecting o-phenylenediamine (OPD), m-phenylenediamine (MPD), and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) using MOFs have rarely been reported. On the basis of the blue emission properties of Cu-TBDA constructed with 5,5'-((6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(azanediyl))diisophthalic acid (H4TBDA) ligand, Cu-TBDA was studied primarily to identify and detect aromatic diamine family as a multifunctional chemical sensor. Interestingly, Cu-TBDA has a very high selectivity and sensitivity to OPD and MPD with a low limit of detection (5.00 µM for OPD and 1.77 µM for MPD). Especially for OPD, Cu-TBDA has a unique switching function for it. When the concentration of OPD is less than 9.1 × 10-4 M, the fluorescence response of Cu-TBDA suspension exhibit enhanced. However, when the concentration of OPD is more than 9.1 × 10-4 M, the emission intensity displays quenching phenomenon. Therefore, Cu-TBDA as a chemical sensor not only has recognition and detection functions for organic aromatic amines but also first exhibits turn-on and -off sensing behavior toward OPD.

Thorium-Organic Framework Constructed with a Semirigid Triazine Hexacarboxylic Acid Ligand: Unique Structure with Thorium Oxide Wheel Clusters and Iodine Adsorption Behavior.

We successfully prepared and characterized a distinctive thorium-based MOF (metal-organic framework) Th-TTHA with thorium oxide wheel clusters under the conditions of solvothermal synthesis by utilizing thorium nitrate and semirigid triazine hexacarboxylic acid linker H6TTHA (H6TTHA = 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine hexaacetic acid). To the best of our knowledge, Th-TTHA is the first thorium-based MOF assembled by semirigid triazine hexapod ligand H6TTHA. It is worth mentioning that Th-TTHA exhibits a novel and distinctive arrangement of structure and topology. Th-TTHA has abundant adsorption sites such as the triazine ring that is rich in nitrogen atoms, N of NH-, and carboxyl oxygen atoms without coordination with a central metal, which drove us to explore its iodine adsorption capacity. The experimental results show that Th-TTHA shows excellent adsorption capacity for iodine, and the adsorption amount in a saturated iodine cyclohexane solution can reach 528 mg/g within 24 h. This work is greatly significant for the development of new structures of thorium-based MOFs and the expansion of its functional characteristics, which is very essential for our in-depth understanding of thorium chemistry and in the management and disposal of radionuclides and application of the nuclear fuel cycle.

Polyiodine-Modified 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic Acid Framework Zn(II)/Cd(II) Complexes as Highly Selective Fluorescence Sensors for Thiamine Hydrochloride, NACs, and Fe3+/Zn2.

Four new complexes, [Zn(TIBTC)(DMA)]·[NH2(CH3)2] (1), [Cd(TIBTC)(H2O)]·[NH2(CH3)2]·DMA (2), [Cd2(TIBTC)(2,2'-bipy)2(HCOO)] (3), and [Cd2(DIBTC)(2,2'-bipy)2(HCOO)] (4) (H3TIBTC = 2,4,6-triiodo-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, H3DIBTC = 2,4-diiodo-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 2,2'-bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine, and DMA = dimethylacetamide), were successfully synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Complexes 1 and 2 are three-dimensional supramolecular network structures, while complex 4 has a two-dimensional network structure. We preliminarily studied the fluorescence properties of the complexes and found that complexes 1-3 can detect thiamine hydrochloride, NACs, and Fe3+/Zn2+ with high sensitivity and selectivity.

Triazine Poly(carboxylic acid) Metal-Organic Frameworks and the Fluorescent Response with Lead Oxygen Clusters: [Pb7(COO)12X2] by Halogen Tuning (X = Cl, Br, or I).

A series of novel metal-organic frameworks were synthesized by using semirigid ligand 1,1',1″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tripiperidine-4-carboxylic acid (H3TTPCA) and lead halide (Cl, Br, or I). The three complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis demonstrated that all three complexes were three-dimensional inorganic-organic framework structures with Pb-X2 (X = Cl, Br, or I). However, slight differences in the chemical environment were the focus of the coordinated halogen atoms and the different compositions of metal oxygen clusters: [Pb7(COO)12Cl2], [Pb7(COO)12Br2], and [Pb7(COO)12I2]. Because of the fluorescence of the organic ligand, the three complexes showed similar photoluminescence properties at room temperature, but the intensity of emissions decreased gradually with an increase in the atomic radius of coordinated halogen atoms. Interestingly, in the fluorescence response tests, complexes 1 and 2 displayed an optical signal of fluorescence "turn-on" while complex 3 showed an optical signal of fluorescence "turn-off". Here we aim to provide a possible mechanism to explain these unique and contradictory luminescence results.

Stable Lanthanide-Organic Framework Materials Constructed by a Triazolyl Carboxylate Ligand: Multifunction Detection and White Luminescence Tuning.

Under hydrothermal conditions, we have successfully synthesized six isostructural lanthanide coordination polymers, [LnL1.5(H2O)2]·1.75H2O (1-6; Ln = Eu, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd), by the reaction of 5-methyl-1-(4-carboxylphenyl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid (H2L) and Ln(NO3)3·6H2O. Structural analysis shows that polymers 1-6 show novel three-dimensional supramolecular network structures. The luminescent properties for polymer 1 have been investigated at room temperature. The results have shown that polymer 1 can be used as a chemical sensor for multifunctional testing such as UO22+, Fe3+ ion detection, and small organic molecule detection because of its strong fluorescence properties. In particular, polymer 1 exhibits extremely high selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of Fe3+ ions. In addition, white-light emission is achieved through a reasonable tuning proportion by mixing Gd3+ and Eu3+.

Multiple Stimulus Response Material Based on Sr-tcbpe MOF for Mechanochromism, Visualization Labeling, and Etching Toward TNP.

The abuse and excessive discharge of organic pollutants such as nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) have become a hot topic of concern for all humanity and society, and the development of fast, effective, and targeted technical means for detecting NACs also faces many challenges. Here, we reported a strontium-based metal-organic framework (MOF) {[Sr2(tcbpe)(H2O)4]}n (Sr-tcbpe), in which tcbpe represents deprotonated 4',4‴,4″‴,4‴‴-(ethene-1,1,2,2-tetrayl)tetrakis(([1,1'biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid)). In Sr-tcbpe, Sr-O polyhedron and deprotonated tcbpe4- ligand have a staggered connection to form a self-assembled three-dimensional network structure. In addition, it is found that Sr-tcbpe undergoes no luminescent color change when grinding under solvent protection, while mechanochromic fluorescence behavior is observed when grinding directly, leading to luminescent color changes from cyan to green (Sr-tcbpe-G). Additionally, Sr-tcbpe and Sr-tcbpe-G could selectively detect PNP, DNP, and TNP, and Sr-tcbpe achieves visual fluorescence sensing detection toward TNP at a limit of detection as low as 2.25 µM. Moreover, during the detection process, unexpectedly, TNP exhibits a selective etching effect on Sr-tcbpe, which could drill nano holes with different sizes on the surface area of MOF materials to a certain extent, achieving the conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy. In addition, the successful preparation of a portable sensor Sr-tcbpe@gypsum block provides a platform for the perfect combination of mechanochromic fluorescence behavior and visualization detection toward TNP. It lays the foundation for the practical application of MOF materials in daily life.

[Prevalence and risk factors of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevalence and risk factors of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) in patients undergoing coronary angiography. METHODS: A total of 2506 patients with suspected and known coronary heart disease (CAD) at our hospital underwent simultaneous coronary and renal angiography. Renal artery stenosis was defined as at least one of renal artery stenosis ≥ 50% narrowing of luminal diameter. The prevalence of ARAS was summarized from the results of angiography. And single- and multi-variable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between clinical characteristics and ARAS. RESULTS: Among them, there were 1479 males and 1027 females with a mean age of 62.7 ± 11.4 years. ARAS was detected in 409 patients (16.3%), including 214 (8.5%) with significant stenosis (≥ 75%); Bilateral ARAS was detected in 98 patients (3.9%), including 27 (1.1%) with significant stenosis (≥ 75%). Left and right ARAS were detected in 162 patients (6.5%) and 148 patients (5.9%) respectively, including 84 patients (3.4%) with significant stenosis (≥ 75%) in left ARAS and 72 patients (2.9%) in right ARAS. Univariate analysis indicated that age, females, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, peripheral artery disease, coronary heart disease, renal insufficiency, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia were the predictor for ARAS (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that age ≥ 65 years (P = 0.025, OR = 1.358), females (P < 0.01, OR = 1.678), hypertension (P < 0.01, OR = 1.650), peripheral artery disease (P < 0.01, OR = 14.678), renal insufficiency (P < 0.01, OR = 1.835), coronary heart disease including 3-vessel (P < 0.01, OR = 1.746) and left main coronary (P < 0.01, OR = 3.416)disease were independent risk factors for ARAS. CONCLUSION: Renal angiography should be routinely performed in female patients aged ≥ 65 years with hypertension, peripheral artery disease, elevated creatinine and coronary heart disease, especially for 3-vessel and left main coronary disease to identify ARAS in time.

A UOF based on a cyclotriphosphazene skeleton: fluorescence sensing of different substituted aldehydes and NACs.

A novel uranyl organic framework (U-hdpcp) based on flexible cyclic triphosphazene polycarboxylate ligands was prepared, which possesses the ability to sense aromatic aldehyde solutions (benzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde and 2-bromobenzaldehyde) and nitro compounds (2,4,6-trinitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol and o-nitrophenol). A fluorescent thin film based on U-hdpcp@PVA with the ability to sense aldehyde vapors was prepared via a spin coating method. The work expands the library of UOF materials based on large-sized carboxylic acid ligands and demonstrates promising applications in the field of fluorescent sensors.

Highly sensitive determination of L-glutamic acid in pig serum with an enzyme-free molecularly imprinted polymer on a carbon-nanotube modified electrode.

Through electrochemical polymerization using L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) as a template and 4,6-diaminoresorcinol as a functional monomer, an enzyme-free molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based L-Glu sensor with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decorated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), namely G-MIP/MWCNTs/GCE, was developed in this work. The reaction conditions were optimized as follows: electrochemical polymerization of 23 cycles, pH of 3.0, molar ratio of template/monomer of 1 : 4, volume ratio of elution reagents of acetonitrile/formic acid of 1 : 1, and elution time of 2 min. The prepared materials and molecularly imprinted polymer were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as electrochemical methods. The electrochemical properties of different electrodes were investigated via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), showing that the electrode of G-MIP/MWCNTs/GCE exhibited excellent catalytic oxidation activity towards L-Glu. A good linear relationship between peak-currents and L-Glu concentrations in a range from 1.00 × 10-8 to 1.00 × 10-5 mol L-1 was observed, with a detection limit of 5.13 × 10-9 mol L-1 (S/N = 3). The imprinted sensor possesses excellent selectivity, high sensitivity, and good stability, which have been successfully applied for the detection of L-Glu in pig serum samples with a recovery rate of 97.4-105.5%, being comparable to commercial high-performance liquid chromatography, demonstrating a simple, rapid, and accurate way for the determination of L-Glu in the fields of animal nutrition and biomedical engineering.

Life-threatening subclavian artery bleeding following percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation: A case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Vascular complications of transradial percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are rare and usually occur at the access site below the elbow. Life-threatening vascular complications during transradial PCI therapy, such as vessel perforation and dissection in the brachiocephalic, subclavian, internal mammary, and thyrocervical arteries, are rarely reported. Subclavian artery bleeding is a potentially serious complication of vascular interventional procedures leading to tracheal obstruction, hemothorax, respiratory failure, hemorrhagic shock, and death if not diagnosed early and treated promptly. CASE SUMMARY: A male patient with typical angina pectoris underwent coronary angiography and stent implantation. During the procedure, the patient felt pharyngeal pain and tightness, which we mistook for myocardial ischemia. After PCI, swelling in the right neck and supraclavicular area was observed. The patient experienced dyspnea, emergency endotracheal intubation was performed, and then a sudden drop in blood pressure was observed. Ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans demonstrated a cervical hematoma severely compressing the trachea due to subclavian artery bleeding. Brachiocephalic angiography revealed a vascular injury site at the root of the right subclavian artery at the intersection of the right common carotid artery. A covered stent was deployed to the right subclavian artery with successful sealing of the perforation, and a bare stent was implanted in the junction of the right common carotid and brachiocephalic arteries to prevent obstruction of blood flow to the brain. CONCLUSION: Subclavian artery bleeding is a lifethreatening complication of PCI. Early prevention, rapid recognition, and prompt treatment may improve the prognosis.

ZnO@CuO hollow nanosphere-based composites used for the sensitive detection of hydrogen sulfide with long-term stability.

In this study, zinc oxide@cupric oxide hollow nanospheres (ZnO@CuO HNS, 330 nm in diameter) were successfully prepared by a hard-template method using amino-phenolformaldehyde resin spheres (APF) as the templates. A new type of thin-film gas sensor toward hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was fabricated by means of drop-coating on the gold electrode of an alumina ceramic tube. The microstructure and morphology of the nanosphere composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the gas-sensing performance of the composites toward the detection of H2S were investigated. The ZnO@CuO nanocomposite with a hollow structure exhibited good gas-sensing properties. Under the optimum operating temperature of 260 °C, ambient temperature of 30 °C, and ambient humidity of 70%, the linear response of the sensor to H2S was in the concentration range of 0.1-100 ppm, and its detection limit reached 0.0611 ppm, with a quick response time of 78 s. Also, the sensor possessed good repeatability, selectivity, and stability. The long-term stability and run duration of such sensors were pronounced, with only a 1.9% reduction in the signal after the continuous monitoring of H2S gas in a pig farm for 18 months using Alibaba's cloud remote transmission system, which presents an important practical application prospect in atmosphere environment monitoring on livestock-raising fields.

Cu(II) and Zn(II) frameworks constructed by directional tuning of diverse substituted groups on a triazine skeleton and supermassive adsorption behavior for iodine and dyes.

The controllable design, synthesis and functional properties of a series of triazine tetratopic carboxylic MOFs have always been hotspots and challenges for research. Based on the characterization of the C-Cl bond on the triazine skeleton being easily substituted by some functional groups, we designed and synthesized a series of triazine tetratopic carboxylic Cu(II) and Zn(II) MOFs via the reaction of Cu(NO3)2·2.5H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O, as well as triazine tetratopic carboxylic H4TDBA-Cl (H4TBDA-Cl = 5,5'-((6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(azanediyl))diisophthalic acid) under hydrothermal conditions. During the process of synthesizing, the C-Cl bond on the triazine skeleton of the ligand was substituted with different groups, which formed the complexes ([Cu2(TBDA-Cl)(H2O)·10DMF·30H2O]n) (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) (1), N(Me)2 -[(CH3)2NH2]4·[Zn3(HTBDA-N)2(SO4)2]n (2) and H ([Cu2(TBDA-H)(H2O)]n) (3), respectively. It is worth noting that the in situ substitution reaction occurred for complexes 2 and 3 during the process of synthesis. Also, the structural analysis showed that the molecules in complexes 1-3 were connected with different building blocks to form different three-dimensional structures. We performed iodine adsorption experiments on the three complexes and found that there was a significant relationship between the structural configuration and adsorption behaviour. The results showed that the complex 1 with the Cl atom on the triazine skeleton could have a boosting effect on adsorption with iodine. It displayed a remarkable adsorption effect for iodine (in the solution of water: 7.6 g g-1 and in the solution of cyclohexane: 548.2 mg g-1). In addition, it also displayed the adsorption effect for JGB dye (204.9 mg g-1). For complex 2, it displayed an uptake effect for iodine in the solution of cyclohexane (529 mg g-1). The possible adsorption mechanism was also investigated. By comparison, we found that chlorine atoms could play an important role in the adsorption processes. The adsorption capacity of complex 1 (containing the chlorine atom in the structure) was much higher than that for complex 3.

Low-temperature heat capacities of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(oxalato)borate ionic liquids and the influence of anion structural characteristics on thermodynamic properties.

Two chelated orthoborate ionic liquids (ILs), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(oxalato)borate ([Bmim][BOB]) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(oxalato)borate ([Hmim][BOB]), were prepared and characterized. Their thermodynamic properties were studied using adiabatic calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermodynamic properties of the two ILs were evaluated and compared with each other, and then with those of other [Bmim] type ILs. The results clearly indicate that for a given cation (or anion) and at a certain temperature, the more atoms in the anion (or cation), the higher the heat capacity; the higher glass-transition temperatures of [BOB] type ILs than others are mainly caused by the higher symmetry of the orthoborate anion structure. It is suggested that a high content of strong electronegative atoms and C(n) or C(nv) (n = 1,2,3,…,∞) point group symmetry in the anion are favorable for the design and synthesis of room temperature ILs with a wide liquid range.

[Electrochemical sensor for acetaminophen based on layer-by-layer self assembly technique].

A novel type of carbon nanotube-coated Au nanoparticle and [bmim]BF4 composite modified glassy carbon electrode was fabricated by a layer-by-layer self-assembly technique. The electrochemical performance of acetaminophen (ACOP) on the modified electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The Nafion/GNPs/RTIL/MWNTs/GC electrode showed an excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of ACOP and accelerated electron transfer between the electrode and ACOP. For ACOP, the reversible electrochemical process was observed on the Nafion/GNPs/RTIL/MWNTs/GC electrode, while irreversible electrochemical process occurred on the GC electrode. For the Nafion/GNPs/RTIL/MWNTs/GC electrode, the anodic peak potential of ACOP was moved from 0.562 V to 0.413 V, with a potential drop of 149 mV. At the same time, the reduction peak potential was 0.384 V, and the potential difference was only 29 mV. It was shown that the modified electrode possessed higher electrocatalytic activity and more sensitive effect for the detection of ACOP than both MWNTs/GC electrode and GC electrode. The effects of the different experimental conditions on the electrochemical behaviors of ACOP were explored. Under the optimum conditions of preparation and experimental, the linear calibration curves of ACOP were obtained in a wide range of 2 x 10(-1) to 4.0 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1) with a correlation coefficient 0.999 2 and a detection limit of 2.6 x 10(-8) mol x L(-1) (the ratio of signal to noise, 3:1). The recovery rate was 97.9%-100.8%. This method can be used to determine ACOP in paracetamol tablets with satisfactory results.

[ST segment deviation in acute myocardial infarction with isolated disease of left anterior descending artery].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of the electrocardiogram (ECG) of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: Patients included were those diagnosed with STEMI in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1996 to March 2009, and underwent coronary angiography (CAG). The infarction related artery (IRA) was LAD, and there were no significant stenosis in left circumflex artery and right coronary artery. A total of 170 cases were consecutively enrolled. They were divided into 2 groups according to occlusive sites of the LAD: LAD proximal (n = 77), LAD medius distal group (n = 93). Standard 18 leads ECG within 12 hours from the onset of STEMI were recorded and ST segment deviation was analyzed quantitatively. RESULTS: Proximal LAD occlusion as IRA was diagnosed with aVL ≥ 0.1 mV, ST aVL > aVR, sum of II, III and aVF STsegment depression ≥ 0.1 mV, in which sensitivity was 39.0%, 37.7% and 50.6%, specificity was 78.5%, 77.4% and 74.2% respectively. Statisticully significance (P < 0.05). Medius-distal LAD occlusion as IRA was diagnosed with no II ST depression, aVF ST depression and sum of II, III and aVF ST segment depression > 0.1 mV, In which sensitivity were 86.0%, 81.7% and 74.2% and the were 31.2%, 48.1% and 50.6% respectively. Statisticully significance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In STEMI patients with isolated LAD occlusion, ECG can be useful to predict the occlusion site.

[Deviation of ST-segment and detection of infarction related artery in patients with acute inferior wall infarction].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics of ST-segment deviation in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)having only one vessel lesion in either left circumflex artery (LCX) or right coronary artery (RCA). METHODS: All AMI (acute myocardial infarction) patients were admitted into Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1996 to March 2009. They underwent coronary angiography (CAG). And the IRA (infarction-related artery) was either LCX or RCA without other coronary artery stenosis. Their ST-segments deviations on electrocardiogram (ECG) were analyzed quantitatively. RESULTS: Among 2503 AMI cases undergoing CAG during hospitalization, 75 cases had LCX (n = 16) or RCA (n = 59)-related STEMI. The RCA group was further divided into the proximal subgroup (n = 21) and the distal subgroup (n = 38). RCA as IRA was diagnosed when ST I depression < 0, ST V(1) elevation ≥ 0 or ST I and aVL depression < 0 with the sensitivities of 55.9%, 74.6% and 54.2% and the specificities of 81.3%, 62.5% and 81.3% respectively. LCX as IRA was diagnosed when ST aVR depression ≥ 0.1 mv, ST I elevation ≥ 0 or ST V(5) and V(6) elevation ≥ 0 with the sensitivities of 68.8%, 81.3% and 31.3% and the specificities of 76.3%, 59.3% and 91.5% respectively. Proximal occlusion of RCA was diagnosed when there was no ST depression in V(1) and depression in V(2), Max precordial ST depression in V(1)-V(3) with the sensitivities of 47.6% and 52.4% and the specificities of 78.9% and 84.2%. CONCLUSION: While discriminating IRA in STEMI patients with single LCX or RCA lesion, it is necessary to assess all ST-segments deviations on ECG.