Identification of Serologic Markers for School-Aged Children With Congenital Rubella Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) case identification is challenging in older children since laboratory markers of congenital rubella virus (RUBV) infection do not persist beyond age 12 months. METHODS: We enrolled children with CRS born between 1998 and 2003 and compared their immune responses to RUBV with those of their mothers and a group of similarly aged children without CRS. Demographic data and sera were collected. Sera were tested for anti-RUBV immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG avidity, and IgG response to the 3 viral structural proteins (E1, E2, and C), reflected by immunoblot fluorescent signals. RESULTS: We enrolled 32 children with CRS, 31 mothers, and 62 children without CRS. The immunoblot signal strength to C and the ratio of the C signal to the RUBV-specific IgG concentration were higher (P < .029 for both) and the ratio of the E1 signal to the RUBV-specific IgG concentration lower (P = .001) in children with CRS, compared with their mothers. Compared with children without CRS, children with CRS had more RUBV-specific IgG (P < .001), a stronger C signal (P < .001), and a stronger E2 signal (P ≤ .001). Two classification rules for children with versus children without CRS gave 100% specificity with >65% sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: This study was the first to establish classification rules for identifying CRS in school-aged children, using laboratory biomarkers. These biomarkers should allow improved burden of disease estimates and monitoring of CRS control programs.

Changes in click characteristics during ABR recording.

UNLABELLED: Manipulation of auditory stimuli affect the ABR evoked potentials and aid the diagnosis, particularly in auditory neuropathy patients. Some patients with auditory neuropathy lose evoked otoacoustic emissions over time; in these cases, comparing responses to rarefaction and condensation clicks, and decreasing the stimulus rate can show an extended cochlear microphonism or yield an improved electric potential record. AIM: To analyze the effect of these click manipulations on the records of potentials of patients with hearing loss as a form of improving the diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: A clinical prospective study. PATIENTS AND METHOD: 59 patients with hearing loss underwent ABR recording using rarefaction and condensation clicks at a stimulus rate of 27.7/sec, and rarefaction clicks at a stimulus rate of 3.3/sec. The records were compared to the otoacoustic evoked emission. RESULTS: Eight (13.53%) patients showed changes in the recorded ABR potentials as a result of manipulating the characteristics of clicks, such as extended cochlear microphonism or an improved record of electric potentials. Five patients had no otoacoustic evoked emissions. CONCLUSION: Manipulation of click stimuli can improve the topographic diagnosis of hearing loss, particularly in the group of auditory neuropathy patients with no otoacoustic evoked emissions, where usually, the diagnosis is only possible through the method described above.

Pediatric phoniatry outpatient ward: clinical and epidemiological characteristics.

UNLABELLED: Children with language or learning impairment and normal hearing need phoniatric assessment to analyse various communication and development aspects targeting the differential diagnosis and therapeutic indications. OBJECTIVE: Characterize clinical and epidemiological features of a pediatric population treated in a phoniatric outpatient clinic. METHOD: A cross-sectional historical cohort study (retrospective study) was performed involving 68 patients undergoing phoniatric consultation. Outcome measures were age, gender, source of referral for phoniatric consultation, phoniatric diagnosis, mean age at diagnosis, neonatal risks, family history of communication disorders and referrals. RESULTS: 70.58% were male and 29.42% female, mean age 6.85 ± 2.49 years. 63.23% from external services and 45.59% had no hearing diagnosis. 14 different diagnoses were performed: 50% had Cerebral Palsy, Specific Language Impairment and Pervasive Developmental Disorder. The difference between the average ages was statistically significant (F = 4.369 p = 0.00). 50% had a family history of communication disorders and 51.47% history of neonatal risk. 51.47% were referred for neurological consultation and 79.41% for therapies. CONCLUSION: The population seen was predominantly male, with more complex language development deviations probably due to multiple etiologies. Many of them had no hearing diagnosis.

Chloral hydrate to study auditory brainstem response.

UNLABELLED: Chloral Hydrate (CH) is a sedative and hypnotic drug used in pediatric procedures owing to the low depressive effect it has on the respiratory and cardiac systems. AIM: To assess the efficacy of the drug in performing ABR and to systematize its use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study with 41 children without history of heart or lung disease. The initial dose of CH at 10% was 50 mg/Kg, with a boost dose of 6 mg/Kg administered 30 minutes later in cases in which there was no sedation. Drug effectiveness was established by sleep induction by 1 hour after the administration of the initial dose. Sleep occurrence was correlated with doses (50 mg or 56 mg/Kg), age, weight and gender. RESULTS: All the 41 children who participated in the study took 50 mg/kg of the agent and 23 of them slept within 30 minutes, 2 had respiratory complications, 16 had the 6 mg/Kg boost dose and 13 fell asleep after 30 minutes. The 56 mg/kg dose presented a statistically significant effect on sleep induction (p<0.05) when compared to the 50mg/kg dose. CONCLUSION: CH produced a satisfactory effect with 50 mg/Kg dose plus 6 mg/kg up to one hour after administration. Complications can occur regardless of the dose used.

Ambulatório de foniatria infantil: características clínicas e epidemiológicas / Pediatric phoniatry outpatient ward: clinical and epidemiological characteristics

Crianças com alteração de linguagem ou aprendizagem e audição normal necessitam uma avaliação foniátrica para analisar os vários aspectos da comunicação e do desenvolvimento visando o diagnóstico diferencial e as indicações terapêuticas. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar clínica e epidemiologicamente uma população pediátrica atendida em ambulatório foniátrico. MÉTODO: Forma de Estudo: coorte histórica com corte transversal. Sessenta e oito pacientes submetidos à consulta foniátrica. As medidas de desfecho foram idade, sexo, origem do encaminhamento para a consulta foniátrica, diagnóstico, idade média dos indivíduos em cada diagnóstico, riscos neonatais, antecedentes familiares para distúrbios da comunicação e encaminhamentos realizados. RESULTADOS: 70,58% do sexo masculino e 29,42% do feminino com idade média de 6,85 ± 2,49 anos. 63,23% oriundos de serviços externos e 45,59% sem diagnóstico auditivo. Foram realizados 14 diagnósticos diferentes. 50% receberam diagnóstico de Paralisia Cerebral, Distúrbio Específico de Linguagem e Transtorno Invasivo do Desenvolvimento. A diferença entre as idades médias foi estatisticamente significativa (F = 4,369 p = 0,00). 50% apre-sentaram história familiar para distúrbios da comunicação e 51,47% de risco neonatal. 51,47% foram encaminhados para uma consulta neurológica e 79,41% para terapias. CONCLUSÃO: A população atendida é predominantemente masculina, com alterações mais complexas de desenvolvimento de linguagem por provável etiologia multifatorial, muitos sem diagnóstico auditivo.

Children with language or learning impairment and normal hearing need phoniatric assessment to analyse various communication and development aspects targeting the differential diagnosis and therapeutic indications. OBJECTIVE: Characterize clinical and epidemiological features of a pediatric population treated in a phoniatric outpatient clinic. METHOD: A cross-sectional historical cohort study (retrospective study) was performed involving 68 patients undergoing phoniatric consultation. Outcome measures were age, gender, source of referral for phoniatric consultation, phoniatric diagnosis, mean age at diagnosis, neonatal risks, family history of communication disorders and referrals. RESULTS: 70.58% were male and 29.42% female, mean age 6.85 ± 2.49 years. 63.23% from external services and 45.59% had no hearing diagnosis. 14 different diagnoses were performed: 50% had Cerebral Palsy, Specific Language Impairment and Pervasive Developmental Disorder. The difference between the average ages was statistically significant (F = 4.369 p = 0.00). 50% had a family history of communication disorders and 51.47% history of neonatal risk. 51.47% were referred for neurological consultation and 79.41% for therapies. CONCLUSION: The population seen was predominantly male, with more complex language development deviations probably due to multiple etiologies. Many of them had no hearing diagnosis.

Hidrato de cloral para captação dos Potenciais Elétricos Auditivos / Chloral Hydrate to Study Auditory Brainstem Response

O Hidrato de cloral é um sedativo usado em procedimentos pediátricos devido à pouca depressão respiratória e cardíaca. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da droga para a captação do PEATE e sistematizar o seu emprego. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo transversal com 41 crianças. A dose inicial de HC 10 por cento foi de 50mg/kg com reforço de 6 mg/kg administrado após 30 minutos nos casos onde não houve sedação. A efetividade da droga foi determinada pela indução do sono até 1 hora após a administração da dose inicial. A ocorrência de sono foi correlacionada com as doses (50mg ou 56mg/kg), a idade, o peso e o sexo. RESULTADOS: As 41 crianças que participaram do estudo tomaram 50mg/kg e 23 dormiram em 30 minutos, 2 apresentaram depressão respiratória; 16 crianças tomaram reforço de 6mg/kg e 13 dormiram em mais 30 minutos. A dose total de 56mg/kg apresentou um efeito estatisticamente significante na indução do sono (p<0,05) em comparação com a dose de 50mg/kg. CONCLUSÃO: O HC é uma droga com um bom efeito satisfatório com a dose de 50mg/kg seguida de mais 6mg/kg em até uma hora após a administração. Complicações podem ocorrer, independente da dose usada. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT 00949780.

Chloral Hydrate (CH) is a sedative and hypnotic drug used in pediatric procedures owing to the low depressive effect it has on the respiratory and cardiac systems. AIM: To assess the efficacy of the drug in performing ABR and to systematize its use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study with 41 children without history of heart or lung disease. The initial dose of CH at 10 percent was 50mg/Kg, with a boost dose of 6mg/Kg administered 30 minutes later in cases in which there was no sedation. Drug effectiveness was established by sleep induction by 1 hour after the administration of the initial dose. Sleep occurrence was correlated with doses (50mg or 56mg/Kg), age, weight and gender. RESULTS: All the 41 children who participated in the study took 50mg/kgof the agent and 23 of them slept within 30 minutes, 2 had respiratory complications, 16 had the 6mg/Kg boost dose and 13 fell asleep after 30 minutes. The 56 mg/kg dose presented a statistically significant effect on sleep induction (p<0.05) when compared to the 50mg/kg dose. CONCLUSION: CH produced a satisfactory effect with 50 mg/Kg dose plus 6mg/kg up to one hour after administration. Complications can occur regardless of the dose used.

Ocorrência de otite média na fissura de palato submucosa: dados preliminares / Occurrence of otitis media in submucous cleft palate: preliminary data

Ocorrência de otite média na fissura de palato submucosa: dados preliminares. Objetivo: Levantamento da ocorrência de otites médias, características das perdas auditivas e fatores predisponentes para otite média na fissura de palato submucosa. Método: quarenta e nove pacientes, avaliados por meio de questionário, exame otorrino-laringológico, avaliação audiológica e deglutograma. Resultado: Encontrou-se grande ocorrência de alterações da orelha média e correlação com alguns fatores predisponentes para otite média. Conclusão: Os autores assinalam a importância da prevenção de alterações da orelha média na fissura de palato submucosa e da investigação de fatores predisponentes.

Ocurrence of otitis media in submucous cleft palate: preliminary reports. Aim: A survey of otitis media ocurrence, characteristics of the hearing loss and predisponent factors for otitis media in submucous cleft palate. Method: 49 pacients were evaluated with a questionary, ENT and audiologic examinations and swallowing evaluation. Results: Great ocurrence of otitis media was found as well a significant correlation with some predisponent factors. Conclusion: The authors emphasized the importance of prevention of otitis media in submucous cleft palate and the investigation of predisponent factors for otitis media.

O esfíncter velofaríngeo / Velopharyngeal sphincter

Descreve os aspectos morfológicos e funcionais do esfíncter veloparíngeo, as causas responsáveis pelas alteraçöes da funçäo velofaríngea e sua sintomatologia. Mostraa importância do diagnóstico endoscópio, radiológico e aerodinâmico para uma adequada indicaçäo terapêutica

Comportamento vocal em pacientes portadores de disostose acrofacial, sequência de Robin e anomalias pré e pós axiais dos membros / Vocal behavior in patients with acrofacial dysostosis, Robin sequence, cleft mandible, pre/postaxial limb anomalies

Apresentamos neste artigo as principais características do comportamento vocal de 5 pacientes com disostose acrofacial e um tipo particular de comprometimento laríngeo. Os principais parâmetros avaliados foram tipo de voz, ressonância, pitch, loudness, emissäo dos sons da fala, ataque vocal, articulaçäo, velocidade, dinâmica respitatória, estruturas da fonaçäo e avaliaçäo corporal. As principais alteraçöes vocais encontradas foram rouquidäo e soprosidade com ressonância laringo-faríngea e tempos máximos de fonaçäo diminuídos

Configuraçäo velofaríngea em disfônicas adultas com nódulos vocais / The velopharyngeal pattern in dysphonic women with vocal nodules

Análise descritiva dos achados da configuraçäo velofaríngea relacionada com a avaliaçäo perceptual da voz por meio do exame nasofibrolaringoscópico, em disfônicas adiltas com nódulos vocais. Foram selecionadas oito mulheres com diagnóstico laríngeo evidente de nódulos vocais e realizadas avaliaçöes do esfíncter velofaríngeo e perceptivo-auditiva da voz. A avaliaçäo do esfíncter velofaríngeo näo revelou inadequaçäo velofaríngea e os achados do exame nasofibrolaringoscópico näo foram significativos para obtençäo de paråmetros da relaçäo da configuraçäo velofaríngea com a ressonåncia