Predictors of Suboptimal Follow-up in Pediatric Cancer Survivors.

Attendance to follow-up care after completion of cancer treatment is an understudied area. We examined demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic predictors of follow-up by pediatric cancer patients at a large center in 442 newly diagnosed patients using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Patients who did not return to clinic for at least 1000 days were considered lost to follow-up. Two hundred forty-two (54.8%) patients were lost. In multivariable analyses, the following variables were independent predictors of being lost to follow-up: treatment with surgery alone (odds ratio [OR]=6.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1-14.9), older age at diagnosis (reference, 0 to 4; ages, 5 to 9: OR=1.8, 95% CI, 1.1-3; ages, 10 to 14: OR=3.3; CI, 1.8-6.1; and ages, 15 and above: OR=4.8; CI, 2.1-11.7), lack of history of stem cell transplantation (OR=2, 95% CI, 1.04-3.7) and lack of insurance (OR=3.4; CI, 1.2-9.2). Hispanic patients had the best follow-up rates (53.7%) compared to whites and blacks (P=0.03). Attendance to long-term follow-up care is suboptimal in childhood cancer survivors. Predictors that were associated with nonattendance can be used to design targeted interventions to improve follow-up care for survivors of pediatric cancer.

Evaluation of late effects during a 21-year follow-up of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma survivors: Experience of a pediatric cancer center in Turkey, as a developing country model.

BACKGROUND: Long-term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are at risk of developing a range of late effects, with a second malignant neoplasm and cardiovascular diseases being the leading causes of death in these patients. The present study aims to evaluate the late side effects in children with HL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Out of 53 HL patients, we assessed the long-term effects of childhood HL survivors (HLSs; n = 50) diagnosed between 1998 and 2019. Patient data related to chronic health conditions, and sociodemographic characteristics were compared with their siblings (n = 56). RESULTS: The cumulative overall survival (OS) at 1, 5, and 10 years from diagnosis was 98.1 ± 1.9%, 93.3 ± 3.8%, and 93.3 ± 3.8%, respectively. Groups of HLSs and their siblings were matched according to age and gender. Compared with siblings, survivors had will be changed as 'a higher frequency of nephrotoxicity (P = 0.02)', cardiotoxicity (P = 0.12), thyroid dysfunction (P = 0.001), health care service usage (P < 0.01), limitation of physical function (P = 0.01), and pulmonary disease (P = 0.01). The control group of siblings had a higher incidence of marital status (P < 0.01), parenthood (P = 0.01), and smoking habit (P = 0.03). Thyroid dysfunction was associated with neck radiotherapy (P < 0.01). No secondaryneoplasm was detected. In relapsed, refractory setting (n = 10), autologous transplantation (n = 9) is performed after a complete remission. Brentuximab vedotin with or without bendamustine and rituximab is also used in selected patients. CONCLUSIONS: Increased number of chronic health conditions and social problems point to the significance of long-term follow-up of HLSs. We are currently preparing a survivorship guideline appropriate for Turkey's conditions. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Renal, heart, pulmonary impairment, thyroid dysfunction, limitation in physical functioning, and deterioration in social status (marriage, having children, education).

Late outcomes in children and adolescents with non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A single-center experience.

Background: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) includes pathologies of different clinical courses, treatments, outcomes. Our study aims to investigate the late effects of NHL survivors (NHLS). Materials and Methods: Among 59 NHL cases, 50 survivors completed their NHL treatment between 2003 and 2019. Out of 59 patients, the cumulative survival rates and event-free survival rates after 10 years since diagnosis were 82.9% ±5.2% and 84.1% ±5.2%, respectively. In addition, we compared the data related to chronic health and psychosocial conditions with their siblings (n = 61). Results: The age and gender ratios were similar in the NHLS (n = 50) and the control group (n = 61). The rate of nephrotoxicity (P = 0.02) and the frequency of admission to the hospital (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the survivors than in the control group. Cardiotoxicity is detected in 3 (6%) of NHLS with cumulative anthracycline dose <300 mg/m2. The social status (being married [P < 0.01], having children [P = 0.003]) is impaired in NHLS. The alcohol and smoking habits, education status, and health conditions (endocrinologic, cardiac, neurological, and pulmonary) were similar in both groups. One patient had acute myeloid leukemia as a secondary malignancy. Twenty NHLS took rituximab, two of them took brentuximab vedotin plus chemotherapy. NHLS have impairment in health status, social life. Conclusion: Nephrotoxicity is a statistically more common late effect than the others in the survivors. We observe cardiotoxicity in low cumulative doses of anthracycline. A more significant number of patients is required to reveal late side effects on novel drugs.

Muramyl Tripeptide Plus Chemotherapy Reduces Metastasis in Non-Metastatic Osteosarcoma: A Single-Center Experience.

BACKGROUND: The immunomodulator mifamurtide plus a chemotherapy regimen has been shown to significantly improve the outcome in non-metastatic osteosarcoma patients. We report the results of the addition of mifamurtide to chemotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with osteosarcoma. METHODS: A total of 36 children with osteosarcoma without detectable metastasis were treated between November 2010 and April 2018 at the Ankara University Department of Pediatric Oncology. Mifamurtide was added to the chemotherapy regimen in 17 patients while the remaining 19 did not receive mifamurtide. The probabilities of metastasis and overall survival were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The 43-month survival rate was 87.5% and 89.9% in the patients who received and did not receive mifamurtide, respectively (p=0.65). Common side effects of mifamurtide were chills and fever. The addition of mifamurtide in the high-risk group with ≤95% necrosis tended to decrease the probability of distant metastasis (36.4% vs. 58.3%) (p=0.39). The time to metastasis in the group with positive surgical margins (4 months in one patient in the non-mifamurtide group, 7 and 20 months in the mifamurtide group) was also longer in the mifamurtide group. During the 43-month follow up period, median time to metastasis was longer in the mifamurtide group (20 vs. 5 months). In addition, mifamurtide plus chemotherapy decreased the risk of metastasis in the cases with primary site relapse. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of mifamurtide to chemotherapy might improve event-free survival by decreasing the probability of distant metastasis in bad histologic responders, and also by increasing the time to distant metastasis in the surgical margin positive group. Additional clinical studies are necessary to determine the long-term effects of mifamurtide on metastatic disease.
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The role of parental, school, and peer factors in adolescent bullying involvement: results from the Turkish HBSC 2005/2006 study.

The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between involvement in bullying behaviors and school, family, and peer factors. Health Behavior in School Age Children survey questionnaire was used. Of the students surveyed, 20% were both bully and victim, 11% were bully, and 21% were victim. Being male, poor parental support, and poor monitoring by the father were found to be risk factors for being both bully and victim. Poor academic achievement, having peers at different ages, poor quality of friendship, poor communication with parents, and not being isolated by peers were found to be risk factors for being bully. Not liking school, feeling pressured by school work, poor quality of friendship, poor monitoring by the father, close bonding with mother, and poor status of the peer group were found to be risk factors for being victim. These findings highlight the importance that bullying intervention programs should include country-specific and culture-specific influences for success.

Rare childhood tumors in a Turkish pediatric oncology center.

BACKGROUND: It has been estimated that rare tumor rate is about 15% of all childhood cancer in United States. According to Turkish Pediatric Oncology Group (TPOG) datas, 8889 children were diagnosed between 2002 and 2008 in our country and 3.7% of them were diagnosed as rare tumors. AIM: To investigate the frequency and clinical features of rare tumors in our pediatric oncology center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 43 cases that have diagnosed as rare tumor in 574 cancer patients between the yaer 2002 and 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. All cases definitive diagnosis were established by histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS: Frequency of rare tumors was 7.4% in our center. Benign and border line rare tumors were 27 (62.7%) cases, malignant rare tumor were 16 (37.2%) cases. Median follow-up period was 48 months (between 1 and 110 months). Six of the malignant rare tumors were died with progressive disease (synovial sarcoma, mixed malignant mesenchymal tumor, undifferentiated sarcoma, plexus choroideus carcinoma, renal peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor, adrenocortical carcinoma). Malignant rare tumor mortality rate was found 37.5% in our clinic. CONCLUSION: We have found that our rare tumor rate (7.4%) was higher than Turkish rare tumor rate (3.7%) according to TPOG's datas. However, it was still lower than rare tumor rates of western countries (15%), probably due to difficulties of diagnosis and referral problems.