RESUMEN
We assessed the effect of a daytime sleep opportunity on planning and risk-related decision-making in emerging adults using multiple neurobehavioral assessments. A total of 136 healthy emerging adults (20.0 ± 1.5 years), 65% female, performed the Risky-Gains Task and the Tower of London test twice. Between these assessments, they were randomized to either have a sleep opportunity monitored by polysomnography (Sleep group, n = 101) or to stay awake (Wake group, n = 35). During Test 2, in comparison to the Sleep group, the Wake group showed increased sleepiness, worse planning ability and more decrease in reaction times when selecting risky choices. Changes in Tower of London test steps used and Risky-Gains Task response time correlated with the number of central and frontal fast sleep spindles, respectively. These results indicate that among emerging adults who commonly have poor sleep patterns, a daytime sleep opportunity was related to better planning ability, better psychomotor vigilance and stable response speeds in risk-related decision-making. Changes in planning and risk-related decision-making correlated with the number of sleep spindles during the nap, supporting a specific role for sleep in modulating planning and potentially other higher-order cognitive functions.
Asunto(s)
Cognición/fisiología , Sueño/fisiología , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Polisomnografía/métodos , Tiempo de Reacción/fisiología , Asunción de Riesgos , Vigilia/fisiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Analysis of brain signal complexity reveals the intrinsic network dynamics and is widely utilized in the investigation of mechanisms in mental disorders. In this study, the complexity of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals was explored in patients with depression using multiscale entropy (MSE). Thirty-five patients diagnosed with depression and 22 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were considered. The MSE profiles in five brain networks of the two participant groups were evaluated and analyzed. The results showed that depressive patients exhibited higher complexity in the left frontoparietal network than that seen in healthy controls, which is known to be critical for executive control functions. Through this study, the efficacy of MSE in identifying and understanding the mental disorders was also demonstrated.