RESUMEN
Lack of sleep is known to negatively affect adolescent's health and the links between regular physical activity and sleep are unclear.This pilot study investigated whether the regular practice of physical activities among sedentary female students would improve their sleep. Nineteen female students, identified as sedentary and having poor subjective sleep quality were assigned in two groups to a 12-week university physical activities programme in accordance with the recommendations of World Health Organisation (N = 10) or to a control condition (N = 9). Sleep was assessed with actigraphy before and after the study and with the Pittsburg Sleep Quality 15 Index (PSQI) at the beginning, middle, and end of the study. The intensity of physical activities was controlled by heart rate monitor. The analysis showed that sleep quality in the physical activities group improved, with the mean ± SD PSQI score decreasing from 9.1 ± 1.7 to 4.8 ± 2.0. Despite some limitations, these pilot data indicate that a physical activities programme is feasible to implement in students, and that participation in such a programme improves sleep in 18- 24 -year-old female adolescents. Further potential benefits remain to be investigated in follow-up research.
Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Esfuerzo Físico/fisiología , Sueño/fisiología , Actigrafía , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Proyectos Piloto , Conducta Sedentaria , Estudiantes , Universidades , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between performances obtained in different physical tests and bone parameters (bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC)) in a group of young Lebanese adults. Methods: One hundred and six young Lebanese adults (45 women and 61 men) whose ages range from 17 to 34 years participated in this study. Weight and height were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Daily calcium intake, daily protein intake and physical activity level (h/week) were evaluated using validated questionnaires. The level of physical performance was measured using several physical tests: vertical-jump test, standing long jump test, 3-jumptest, 5-jump-test and 1-RM half-squat. Body composition, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD at whole body (WB), lumbar spine (L2-L4), total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: In women, height, lean mass, 1- RM half-squat and performances obtained in three physical tests (vertical jump test, 5-jump-test and 1-RM halfsquat) were positively correlated to BMD and BMC. In men, lean mass and 1-RM half-squat were positively correlated to BMD and BMC. Conclusion: This study suggests that lean mass and maximum strength obtained in half-squat are positively correlated to BMD in young adults.
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Composición Corporal/fisiología , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Absorciometría de Fotón , Adolescente , Adulto , Estatura , Índice de Masa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Femenino , Cuello Femoral , Humanos , Líbano , Vértebras Lumbares , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
More than 40% of students do not practice any PA. These results highlight the need for a better understanding to develop intervention strategies for students, based on new public health approaches. The contribution of social and physical environmental factors to changes in PA needs to be further explored.
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Ejercicio Físico , Asunción de Riesgos , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This study investigated the effects of combined sleep deprivation and strenuous exercise on cognitive and neurobehavioral performance among long-distance runners completing one of the most difficult ultramarathons in the world. Seventeen runners participated. Each had a wrist-worn actigraph throughout the race to record their sleep time. In addition, each individual's performance in 10-min response-time tests before and after the race was recorded and a questionnaire enabled participants to report any difficulties they experienced during the competition. During race completion times of 27 to 44 h, combined acute lack of sleep (12 ± 17 min of rest during the race) and strenuous exercise (168.0 km) had marked adverse effects on cognitive performances ranging from mere lengthening of response time to serious symptoms such as visual hallucinations. This study suggests that regardless of rest duration and time in race, cognitive performances of ultramarathoners are adversely affected.
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Cognición/fisiología , Resistencia Física/fisiología , Carrera/fisiología , Carrera/psicología , Privación de Sueño/psicología , Actigrafía , Adulto , Conducta Competitiva/fisiología , Alucinaciones/etiología , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Desempeño Psicomotor/fisiología , Tiempo de Reacción , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and bone mineral density (BMD) in a group of young Lebanese adults. Twenty women and 37 men whose ages range from 18 to 32 yr participated in this study. Informed written consent was obtained from the participants. Body weight and height were measured, and body mass index was calculated. VO2 max was determined by direct measurement while exercising on a bicycle ergometer (Siemens-Elema RE 820; Rodby Elektronik AB, Enhorna, Sweden). Whole body bone mineral content (WB BMC), whole body bone mineral density (WB BMD), lumbar spine BMD (L1-L4 BMD), total hip BMD (TH BMD), and femoral neck BMD (FN BMD) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In women, VO2 max (expressed as L/mn) was positively correlated to WB BMC (r = 0.82; p < 0.001), WB BMD (r = 0.80; p < 0.001), L1-L4 BMD (r = 0.73; p < 0.001), TH BMD (r = 0.80; p < 0.001), and FN BMD (r = 0.85; p < 0.001). In men, VO2 max (expressed as L/mn) was positively correlated to WB BMC (r = 0.57; p < 0.001), WB BMD (r = 0.53; p < 0.001), L1-L4 BMD (r = 0.50; p < 0.001), TH BMD (r = 0.38; p < 0.01), and FN BMD (r = 0.30; p < 0.05). In both sexes, the positive associations between VO2 max and bone variables (BMC and BMD) remained significant after adjustment for age (p < 0.001). This study suggests that VO2 max (L/mn) is a positive determinant of BMC and BMD in young adults. Aerobic power seems to be a determinant of BMC and BMD in young adults.
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Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Consumo de Oxígeno/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Calcio de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Líbano , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In solo offshore sailing races like those of the Solitaire du Figaro, sleep must be obtained in multiple short bouts to maintain competitive performance and safety. Little is known about the amount of sleep restriction experienced at sea and the effects that fatigue from sleep loss have on sailors' performance. Therefore, we assessed sleep in sailors of yachts in the Figaro 2 Beneteau class during races and compared response times on a serial simple reaction-time test before and after races. Twelve men (professional sailors) recorded their sleep and measured their response times during one of the three single-handed races of 150, 300 and 350 nautical miles (nominally 24-50 h in duration). Total estimated sleep duration at sea indicated considerable sleep insufficiency. Response times were slower after races than before. The results suggest that professional sailors incur severe sleep loss and demonstrate marked performance impairment when competing in one- to two-day solo sailing races. Competitive performance could be improved by actively managing sleep during solo offshore sailing races.
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Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología , Fatiga , Resistencia Física/fisiología , Tiempo de Reacción , Navíos , Sueño , Deportes/fisiología , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to compare geometric indices of hip bone strength in overweight and control elderly men. METHODS & RESULTS: This study included 16 overweight (Body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2) elderly men (aged 65-84 years) and 38 age-matched controls (BMI < 25 kg/m2). Body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). To evaluate hip bone geometry, DXA scans were analyzed at the femoral neck, the intertrochanteric region, and the femoral shaft by the Hip Structure Analysis (HSA) program. Cross sectional area (CSA), an index of axial compression strength, section modulus (Z), an index of bending strength, cross sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), an index of structural rigidity, cortical thickness (CT) and buckling ratio (BR) were measured from bone mass profiles. Lean mass, body weight, fat mass and BMI were higher in overweight men compared to controls (p < 0.001). CSA and Z were higher in overweight subjects compared to controls (p < 0.05) at the three regions (femoral neck, intertrochanteric and femoral shaft). After adjustment for age, CSA and Z of the intertrochanteric region and the femoral shaft remained significantly higher in overweight men compared to controls (p < 0.05). After adjustment for either body weight, BMI or lean mass, there were no differences between the two groups (overweight and controls) regarding the HSA variables (CSA, CSMI, Z, CT and BR) of the three regions. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that overweight elderly men have greater indices of bone axial and bending strength in comparison to controls at the intertrochanteric and the femoral shaft.
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Densidad Ósea , Fémur/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación de la Cadera/diagnóstico por imagen , Sobrepeso/fisiopatología , Absorciometría de Fotón , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Fuerza Compresiva/fisiología , Articulación de la Cadera/fisiopatología , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to compare geometric indices of hip bone strength in male professional soccer players and controls. METHODS: Twenty-three male professional soccer players and 21 male sedentary subjects whose ages range between 18 and 30 years participated in this study. Weight and height were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Daily calcium intake and physical activity were evaluated using validated questionnaires. Hip bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). To evaluate hip bone geometry, DXA scans were analyzed at the narrow-neck (NN), the intertrochanteric (IT) region and the femoral shaft (FS) by the Hip Structure Analysis (HSA) program. Cross sectional area (CSA), an index of axial compression strength, cross sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), an index of structural rigidity, section modulus (Z), an index of bending strength, cortical thickness (CT) and buckling ratio (BR) were measured from bone mass profiles. RESULTS: CSA, CSMI, Z and CT of the three regions (NN, IT and FS) were higher in soccer players compared to controls. After adjustment for either age, body weight, height or physical activity duration (h/week), CSA, CSMI, Z and CT of the three regions remained higher in soccer players compared to controls. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that, in young adult males, soccer practice is associated with greater axial strength, bending strength and structural rigidity indices at the hip.
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Atletas , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Fémur/fisiología , Articulación de la Cadera/fisiología , Absorciometría de Fotón , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Fémur/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación de la Cadera/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Fútbol/fisiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between sleep quality and bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip in a group of young Lebanese men. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fourteen Lebanese young men from 18 to 30 years (mean age 22.6 years) participated in this study. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. BMD of the total hip (TH) and the femoral neck (FN) was measured by DXA. Daily protein intake (DPI), daily calcium intake (DCI) and sleep quality were evaluated by validated questionnaires. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep habits and quality; higher scores represent worse sleep quality. Weight, height, BMI, DCI, DPI and sleep duration were not correlated to BMD values. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index was negatively correlated to femoral neck BMD (r = -0.82; p < 0.001) and to TH BMD (r = -0.54; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that poor sleep quality affects negatively BMD of the hip in young adult men. Our findings may lead to the development of better preventive approaches to osteoporosis.
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Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Cuello Femoral/fisiología , Sueño/fisiología , Absorciometría de Fotón , Adolescente , Adulto , Cuello Femoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Líbano , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to compare hip bone strength indices in obese, overweight, and normal-weight adolescent girls using hip structure analysis (HSA). This study included 64 postmenarcheal adolescent girls (14 obese, 21 overweight, and 29 normal weight). The 3 groups (obese, overweight, and normal weight) were matched for maturity (years since menarche). Body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) of whole body, lumbar spine, and proximal femur were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). To evaluate hip bone strength, DXA scans were analyzed at the femoral neck (FN) at its narrow neck (NN) region, the intertrochanteric (IT), and the femoral shaft (FS) by the HSA program. Cross-sectional area and section modulus were measured from hip BMD profiles. Total hip BMD and FN BMD were significantly higher in obese and overweight girls in comparison with normal-weight girls (p < 0.05). However, after adjusting for weight, using a one-way analysis of covariance, there were no significant differences among the 3 groups regarding HSA variables. This study suggests that in obese and overweight adolescent girls, axial strength and bending strength indices of the NN, IT, and FS are adapted to the increased body weight.
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Absorciometría de Fotón/métodos , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Obesidad/diagnóstico por imagen , Sobrepeso/diagnóstico por imagen , Huesos Pélvicos/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Índice de Masa Corporal , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Cadera , Humanos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to compare bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) in obese, overweight and normal weight adolescent boys. METHODS & RESULTS: This study included 23 obese, 19 overweight and 25 normal weight adolescents (aged 14-20 years) boys. The three groups (obese, overweight and normal weight) were matched for age and maturation index. Body composition, BMC and BMD were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The expressions whole body (WB) BMC/height and WB BMD/height were used to adjust for WB bone size. BMAD was calculated for the WB. WB BMC, WB BMC/height, total hip (TH) BMD, femoral neck (FN) BMD and ultra distal (UD) radius BMD) were higher in obese and overweight boys in comparison to normal weight boys (p < 0.05). WB BMAD was lower in obese boys in comparison to overweight and normal weight boys (p < 0.05). After adjustment for either weight or lean mass, obese boys displayed lower WB BMC, WB BMC/height and WB BMD values in comparison to overweight and normal weight boys (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that WB BMC, WB BMC/height and WB BMD do not adapt to the increased body weight in obese adolescent boys.
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Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Países en Desarrollo , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Sobrepeso/fisiopatología , Adolescente , Índice de Masa Corporal , Peso Corporal/fisiología , Humanos , Líbano , Masculino , Tamizaje Masivo , Valores de Referencia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Most accelerometers are worn around the waist (hip or lower back) to assess habitual physical activity. Wrist-worn accelerometers may be an alternative to the waist-worn monitors and may improve compliance in studies with prolonged wear. The aim of this study was to validate the Vivago® Wrist-Worn Accelerometer at various intensities of physical activity (PA) in adults. METHODS: Twenty-one healthy adults aged 20-34 years were recruited for the study. Accelerometer data and oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured at sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous levels of PA. RESULTS: Activity categories and accelerometer counts were: sedentary, 0-15 counts·min-1; light, 16-40 counts·min-1; moderate, 41-85 counts·min-1; and vigorous activity, >; 85 counts·min-1. ANOVA repeated measures was used to determine the relationship between accelerometry data output and oxygen consumption (r = .89; p <; .001). The Bland and Altman method showed good agreement in the assessment of energy expenditure between the indirect calorimetry and the data obtained by the accelerometer. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the study suggest that the Vivago® wrist-worn accelerometer is a valid measure of PA at varying levels of intensity. The study has also defined threshold values at 4 intensities and hence te Vivago® accelerometer may be used to quantify PA in free living conditions among adults. This device has possible application in treating a variety of important health concerns.
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Acelerometría/instrumentación , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Consumo de Oxígeno/fisiología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy Lebanese men (aged 65-84 years) participated in this study. Body weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Body composition (lean mass, fat mass and fat mass percentage) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bone mineral content (BMC) of whole body (WB) and BMD of WB, total hip (TH), femoral neck (FN), ultra distal (UD) radius and 1/3 radius were measured by DXA. The ratios WB BMC/height and WB BMD/height were calculated. Fat mass and lean mass were found to be positively correlated to WB BMC, WB BMC/height, and to WB, TH, FN, UD radius and 1/3 radius BMD. After controlling for age and height, fat mass was more strongly correlated to TH BMD and FN BMD than lean mass while lean mass was more strongly correlated to WB BMC, WB BMD, UD radius BMD and 1/3 radius BMD than fat mass. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that, in elderly men, fat mass is a stronger determinant of TH and FN BMD than lean mass while lean mass is a stronger determinant of WB BMC, WB BMD, UD radius BMD and 1/3 radius BMD than fat mass.
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Tejido Adiposo , Densidad Ósea , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Humanos , Líbano , MasculinoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare femoral shaft and intertrochanteric geometry in overweight and normal weight adolescent girls. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study included 22 overweight (Body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2) adolescent girls (15.4 +/- 2.4 years old) and 20 maturation-matched (15.2 +/- 1.9 years old) controls (BMI < 25 kg/m2). Body composition and BMD were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). To evaluate bone geometry, DXA scans were analyzed at the femoral shaft and the intertrochanteric region by the Hip Structure Analysis (HSA) program. Cross-sectional area (CSA), an index of axial compression strength, section modulus (Z), an index of bending strength, cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), cortical thickness (CT) and buckling ratio (BR) were measured from bone mass profiles. Lean mass, body weight, fat mass and BMI were higher in overweight girls compared to controls (p < 0.001). CSA, Z, CSMI and CT were higher in overweight girls compared to controls (p < 0.05) at the two regions (femoral shaft and intertrochanteric). After adjustment for maturation index (years since menarche), CSA, Z, CSMI and CT of the intertrochanteric region and CSA of the femoral shaft were higher in overweight girls compared to controls (p < 0.05). After adjustment for either body weight, lean mass or BMI, using a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), there were no differences between the two groups (overweight and controls) regarding the HSA variables (CSA, CSMI, Z, CT and BR) at the femoral shaft and the intertrochanteric. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that overweight adolescent girls have greater indices of bone axial and bending strength in comparison to controls at the intertrochanteric after adjustment for maturation index.
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Articulación de la Cadera/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación de la Cadera/fisiología , Sobrepeso/fisiopatología , Absorciometría de Fotón , Adolescente , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Conducta Sedentaria , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationships between age, morphological characteristics (weight, height, body mass index (BMI), fat and lean mass), daily calcium intake (DCI), physical activity and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) of the whole body (WB), lumbar spine (L2-L4), femoral neck (FN) and 1/3 radius in a group of Lebanese adolescent boys. This study included 60 Lebanese adolescent (16.8 ± 2.1 years old) boys. Body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). BMAD values of the WB, L2-L4, FN and 1/3 radius were calculated. Physical activity and DCI were assessed using questionnaires. Age was positively related to WB, L2-L4 and 1/3 radius BMD and BMAD. Weight, lean mass and BMI were positively related to WB, L2-L4, FN and 1/3 radius BMD. Moreover, weight, lean mass and BMI were positively associated with L2-L4 and FN BMAD but not with BMAD of the WB and the 1/3 radius, while fat mass percentage was negatively associated with WB BMAD. In conclusion, this study shows that weight, lean mass and BMI are positively associated with BMAD of the weight-bearing bones (L2-L4 and FN) but not with BMAD of the WB and the 1/3 radius in adolescent boys.
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Envejecimiento/fisiología , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Cuello Femoral/anatomía & histología , Cuello Femoral/fisiología , Vértebras Lumbares/anatomía & histología , Vértebras Lumbares/fisiología , Radio (Anatomía)/fisiología , Adolescente , Humanos , Líbano , Masculino , Radio (Anatomía)/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
The influence of being overweight on bone strength in adolescents remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare hip bone strength indices in overweight and control adolescent boys using hip structure analysis (HSA). This study included 25 overweight adolescent boys [body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m(2)] and 31 maturation-matched controls (BMI <25 kg/m(2)). Body composition and bone mineral density were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). To evaluate hip bone strength, DXA scans were analyzed at femoral neck, intertrochanteric, and femoral shaft by the HSA program. Cross-sectional area (CSA), an index of axial compression strength, section modulus (Z), an index of bending strength, cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), cortical thickness (CT), and buckling ratio (BR) were measured from bone mass profiles. Body weight, lean mass, fat mass, and BMI were higher in overweight boys compared to controls (P < 0.001). CSA, CSMI, and Z of the three sites (femoral neck, intertrochanteric, and femoral shaft) were higher in overweight boys compared to controls (P < 0.01). BR was not significantly different between the two groups at the three sites. After adjustment for either body weight, BMI, or fat mass, using a one-way analysis of covariance, there were no differences between the two groups regarding the HSA variables (CSA, Z, CSMI, CT, and BR). After adjusting for lean mass, overweight boys displayed higher values of femoral shaft CSA, CSMI, and Z in comparison to controls (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study suggests that overweight adolescent boys have greater indices of bone axial and bending strength in comparison to controls at the femoral neck, the intertrochanteric, and the femoral shaft.
Asunto(s)
Articulación de la Cadera/fisiología , Sobrepeso/fisiopatología , Absorciometría de Fotón , Adolescente , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Densidad Ósea , Humanos , Masculino , Aptitud Física , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to compare bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in overweight and control adolescent boys. This study included 27 overweight (body mass index [BMI] > 25 kg/m²) adolescent (17.1 ± 2.1 yr old) boys and 29 maturation-matched (16.7 ± 2.0 yr old) controls (BMI< 25 kg/m²). Bone mineral area (BMA), BMC, and aBMD were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the whole body (WB), lumbar spine (L2-L4), total hip (TH), femoral neck (FN), and left forearm (ultra distal [UD], mid Radius, 1/3 Radius, and total Radius). Body composition (lean mass, fat mass, and fat mass percentage) was assessed also by DXA. The expressions WB BMC/height, WB aBMD/height, and WB BMAD were used to adjust for WB bone size. WB BMC, WB BMC/height, WB BMA, L2-L4 aBMD, TH aBMD, FN aBMD, and UD aBMD were higher in overweight boys compared with controls (p < 0.05). However, WB BMAD was lower in overweight boys compared with controls (p < 0.05). After adjustment for weight, lean mass, or BMI, using a one-way analysis of covariance, there were no differences between the 2 groups (overweight and controls) regarding bone characteristics (BMC, BMA, aBMD, BMC/height, aBMD/height, and BMAD of the WB and aBMD of the lumbar spine; the TH; the FN; and the forearm). In conclusion, this study shows that after adjusting for weight, lean mass, or BMI, there are no differences between overweight and control adolescent boys regarding aBMD values.