RESUMEN
As part of the SAR profiling of the indole-oxoacetic piperazinyl benzamide class of HIV-1 attachment inhibitors, substitution at the C7 position of the lead 4-fluoroindole 2 with various 5- and 6-membered heteroaryl moieties was explored. Highly potent (picomolar) inhibitors of pseudotyped HIV-1 in a primary, cell-based assay were identified and select examples were shown to possess nanomolar inhibitory activity against M- and T-tropic viruses in cell culture. These C7-heteroaryl-indole analogs maintained the ligand efficiency (LE) of 2 and were also lipophilic efficient as measured by LLE and LELP. Pharmacokinetic studies of this class of inhibitor in rats showed that several possessed substantially improved IV clearance and half-lives compared to 2. Oral exposure in the rat correlated with membrane permeability as measured in a Caco-2 assay where the highly permeable 1,2,4-oxadiazole analog 13 exhibited the highest exposure.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Anti-VIH/química , VIH-1/metabolismo , Indoles/química , Administración Oral , Animales , Fármacos Anti-VIH/síntesis química , Fármacos Anti-VIH/farmacocinética , Células CACO-2 , Permeabilidad de la Membrana Celular/efectos de los fármacos , VIH-1/efectos de los fármacos , Semivida , Humanos , Indoles/síntesis química , Indoles/farmacocinética , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Ratas , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Acoplamiento Viral/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
1-(4-Benzoylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethane-1,2-dione (1a) has been characterized as an inhibitor of HIV-1 attachment that interferes with the interaction of viral gp120 with the host cell receptor CD4. In previous studies, the effect of indole substitution pattern on antiviral activity was probed. In this Letter, the effect of structural variation of the benzamide moiety is described, a study that reveals the potential or the phenyl moiety to be replaced by five-membered heterocyclic rings and a restricted tolerance for the introduction of substituents to the phenyl ring.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Anti-VIH/química , Benzamidas/química , Proteína gp120 de Envoltorio del VIH/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Fusión de VIH/química , Indoles/química , Piperazinas/química , Acoplamiento Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Anti-VIH/síntesis química , Fármacos Anti-VIH/farmacología , Benzamidas/síntesis química , Benzamidas/farmacología , Línea Celular , Proteína gp120 de Envoltorio del VIH/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Fusión de VIH/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Fusión de VIH/farmacología , Humanos , Indoles/síntesis química , Indoles/farmacología , Piperazinas/síntesis química , Piperazinas/farmacología , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
A triazine hit identified from a screen of the BMS compound collection was optimized for potency, in vivo activity, and off-target profile to produce the bicyclic pyrimidine γ-secretase modulator BMS-932481. The compound showed robust reductions of Aß1-42 and Aß1-40 in the plasma, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid of mice and rats. Consistent with the γ-secretase modulator mechanism, increases in Aß1-37 and Aß1-38 were observed, with no change in the total amount of Aß1-x produced. No Notch-based toxicity was observed, and the overall preclinical profile of BMS-932481 supported its further evaluation in human clinical trials.
RESUMEN
Cyclodehydration using the Burgess reagent provided a novel approach toward the synthesis of N-bridged 5,6-bicylic pyridines including pyrolo-, imidazo-, and triazolopyridines under mild and neutral conditions. The methodology tolerates acid-sensitive functional groups. A novel addition product was observed between the resulting pyrrolo- or imidazopyridine and an additional equivalent of the Burgess reagent, producing the corresponding sulfonylcarbamate adduct.
Asunto(s)
Carbamatos/química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 2 Anillos/química , Piridinas/síntesis química , Compuestos de Azufre/química , Agua/química , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Ciclización , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Piridinas/químicaRESUMEN
BMS-711939 (3) is a potent and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α agonist, with an EC50 of 4 nM for human PPARα and >1000-fold selectivity vs human PPARγ (EC50 = 4.5 µM) and PPARδ (EC50 > 100 µM) in PPAR-GAL4 transactivation assays. Compound 3 also demonstrated excellent in vivo efficacy and safety profiles in preclinical studies and thus was chosen for further preclinical evaluation. The synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, and in vivo pharmacology of 3 in preclinical animal models as well as its ADME profile are described.
RESUMEN
The introduction of acidic and basic functionality into the side chains of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion inhibitors was examined in an effort to identify compounds suitable for evaluation in vivo in the cotton rat model of RSV infection following administration as a small particle aerosol. The acidic compounds 2r, 2u, 2v, 2w, 2z, and 2aj demonstrated potent antiviral activity in cell culture and exhibited efficacy in the cotton rat comparable to ribavirin. In a BALB/c mouse model, the oxadiazolone 2aj reduced virus titers following subcutaneous dosing, whilst the ester 2az and amide 2aab exhibited efficacy following oral administration. These results established the potential of this class of RSV fusion inhibitors to interfere with infection in vivo following topical or systemic administration.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/química , Antivirales/farmacología , Bencimidazoles/química , Bencimidazoles/farmacología , Fusión de Membrana/efectos de los fármacos , Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios/efectos de los fármacos , Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios/fisiología , Agua/química , Aminas/química , Animales , Antivirales/efectos adversos , Antivirales/síntesis química , Bencimidazoles/efectos adversos , Bencimidazoles/síntesis química , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Ratas , Sigmodontinae , Solubilidad , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Structure-activity relationships for a series of benzimidazol-2-one-based inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus are described. These studies focused on structural variation of the benzimidazol-2-one substituent, a vector inaccessible in a series of benzotriazole derivatives on which 2 is based, and revealed a broad tolerance for substituent size and functionality.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/química , Antivirales/farmacología , Bencimidazoles/química , Bencimidazoles/farmacología , Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios/efectos de los fármacos , Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BMS-433771 was found to be a potent inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication in vitro. It exhibited excellent potency against multiple laboratory and clinical isolates of both group A and B viruses, with an average 50% effective concentration of 20 nM. Mechanism-of-action studies demonstrated that BMS-433771 inhibits the fusion of lipid membranes during both the early virus entry stage and late-stage syncytium formation. After isolation of resistant viruses, resistance was mapped to a series of single amino acid mutations in the F1 subunit of the fusion protein. Upon oral administration, BMS-433771 was able to reduce viral titers in the lungs of mice infected with RSV. This new class of orally active RSV fusion inhibitors offers potential for clinical development.