[Psychosocial pathomorphosis of depressions]. / Psikhosotsial'nyi patomorfoz depressii.

OBJECTIVE: The aim is to determine the changes in phenomenology of depressions (mostly of melancholic type with pronounced affect of sadness, chronobiological shift, neurovegetative changes and typical affect-congruent depressive ideas) over the past decades. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We've compared the archival data of one of the authors (V.N.K.) obtained in the study of depression within 1980-1086 years (1st group, 103 patients, 47 with recurrent depression and 56 with bipolar depression) and the data of the study of depression during 2015-2021 years with registration of symptoms with the same psychopathological scale at the same clinic for affective disorders (2nd group, 109 patients, 52 with recurrent depression and 57 with bipolar depression). The groups are age-comparable (21-59 y.o.). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) has been used to assess the severity of depression (score of 21-32 in both groups). Statistics included frequency analysis with use of χ2 criterion. RESULTS: Biologically mediated symptoms (shortened sleep with early awakening, typical diurnal variations with vitalization of depressive affect and loss of energy mostly first half of day, decreased appetite, libido and motivation for any activity) were not statistically different in the study groups. Whereas symptoms associated with emotional reactivity and congruent depressive ideations like worthlessness, guilt, suicidal thoughts, as well as anaesthesia psychica dolorosa - were statistically rare in 2nd group, except anhedonia. The same time the facts which have been obvious amongst patients of 2nd group were the difficulties to verbalize their feelings, shortage of vocabular for reflections about their suffering, especially amongst young patients. CONCLUSION: The results of the study can indicate some changes in the phenomenology of depression over the past decades. Basically, the same underlying disorders can produce different clinical presentation, particularly concerning an awareness and verbalization of moral feelings and other emotions. One of the possible psycholinguistic assumption may be limited vocabulary for feelings because of spreading social networks with very poor and formal language instead of live direct communication.

[Medical and social characteristics of patients of the first psychotic episode clinic]. / Mediko-sotsial'naya kharakteristika patsientov kliniki pervogo psikhoticheskogo epizoda.

OBJECTIVE: To study the medical and social characteristics of patients with the first episode of endogenous mental disorders and to compare them with the level of social functioning in the two-year follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 512 case histories of patients with ICD-10 diagnoses F20, F21, F23, F25, F31, F32. Patients were admitted to a 24-hour hospital in the period from 2018 to 2019. Clinical and psychometric methods were used. The level of social functioning was measured with the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP). RESULTS: At baseline, 23.8% (n=167) of patients met the criteria of the code F23 and 6.8% (n=35) of the code F25. Two years later the diagnoses were distributed as follows: F25 - 39.96% (n=205) and F21 - 17.4% (n=180). Affective disorders predominated in female patients (women - 23.6%; n=72; men - 18.7%, n=39), schizophrenia spectrum disorders were more frequent in men (81.3%; n=167) compared with women (75.5%, n=156). At the time of admission to the hospital, the number of non-working and non-student patients prevailed (52.4%, n=268). Most of them were female patients (31.5%, n=161). According to PSP, the majority of patients had moderate impairment of social functioning (82.0%) at the start of the study. After 2 years of follow-up, the majority of patients showed mild impairment of social functioning (92.0%). CONCLUSION: The results obtained indicate a rather favorable variant of the course of endogenous mental disorders over the period studied, which may be due to the volume of complex specialized care provided.

[The social partnership in delivering mental care].

To overcome the rapid increase of mental diseases burden many health administrations and managers of curative preventive institutions have to turn to the community proposing social partnership. The article deals with the experience of successful activities of particular public organizations in the field of mental health care. The interest of public administration is noted to develop effectively this sector of social activities.

[Improvement of defense of psychic health of military servicemen].

The accelerating pace of accumulation of mental and behavioral disorders undermines the intellectual and creative potential of the nation, distorts the moral atmosphere of society, hampering economic development, and reduces the security of the country. In this review, we have substantiated the need to improve the mental health of soldiers. At the military service was increasingly being an insufficiently surveyed person. This is a great burden on the military structure. In the Armed Forces of Russia developed a program to preserve and strengthen the mental health of troops. These measures must be put into effect soon. At the national level is also necessary to have a plan to improve mental health.

[Publishing activity of Russian research institutes in the field of psychiatry and addictology in 2006-2013].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the publication activity of 6 psychiatric institutes based on the data from the Russian Citation Index (RCI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Weighted average data of the last five years was selected for analysis: number of publications and citations per author, number of citations per publication, impact factor of journals published the papers. The analysis of the dynamics of publication activity and citations for the period of 2006-2013 for 6 institutes has been performed. RESULTS: The analysis shows that the Research Center of Mental Health of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS) is the leader among in publication activity in the field of "psychiatry and addiction medicine". In second place the Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry and the National Research Center of Addictology. Then, by a large margin, are the Bechterev St.Peterburg Research Psycho-Neurological Institute, the Serbsky National Research Center of Social and Forensic Psychiatry and the Siberian Research Mental Health Institute of RAMS. CONCLUSION: RCI data is an important source of information regarding scientific activity of research institutes although the data should be interpreted with caution.