RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Given the increased popularity of flaxseed in meals, several cases of allergy to these seeds have been reported. Little is known about the allergens implicated in hypersensitivity reactions to flaxseed. The present study aimed to identify the allergens involved in IgE-mediated reactions in 5 patients with a clinical history of severe systemic symptoms after flaxseed consumption. METHODS: Proteins that were potential allergens with IgE-binding capacity were purified from flaxseed extract using chromatography and identified via MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Immunoassays were performed using the 5 allergic patients' sera tested individually and as a pool. RESULTS: Immunoblotting of the flaxseed extract revealed a low-molecular-mass protein (around 13 kDa) in 4 of the 5 patients, while a protein of approximately 55 kDa was detected in 2 patients. The proteins were identified by mass spectrometry as flaxseed 2S albumin, which is included in the WHO/IUIS allergen nomenclature as Lin u 1, and 11S globulin. Inhibition assays revealed in vitro IgE-mediated cross-reactivity between Lin u 1 and peanut and cashew nut proteins, while IgE-mediated recognition of 11S globulin by patients' sera was partially inhibited by several plant-derived sources. CONCLUSIONS: Seed storage proteins from flaxseed were involved in the development of severe symptoms in the 5 patients studied and exhibited cross-reactivity with other allergenic sources. Besides the severity of flaxseed allergy in patients sensitized to 2S albumin, this is the first time that 11S globulin has been identified as a potential allergen. Taking these data into account should ensure a more accurate diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Lino , Globulinas , Hipersensibilidad a la Nuez , Proteínas de Nueces , Albúminas , Alérgenos/efectos adversos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Antígenos de Plantas , Reacciones Cruzadas , Lino/efectos adversos , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales , Proteínas de Plantas/efectos adversos , Proteínas de Almacenamiento de Semillas/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The EuroPrevall project aimed to develop effective management strategies in food allergy through a suite of interconnected studies and a multidisciplinary integrated approach. To address some of the gaps in food allergy diagnosis, allergen risk management and socio-economic impact and to complement the EuroPrevall population-based surveys, a cross-sectional study in 12 outpatient clinics across Europe was conducted. We describe the study protocol. METHODS: Patients referred for immediate food adverse reactions underwent a consistent and standardized allergy work-up that comprised collection of medical history; assessment of sensitization to 24 foods, 14 inhalant allergens and 55 allergenic molecules; and confirmation of clinical reactivity and food thresholds by standardized double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFCs) to milk, egg, fish, shrimp, peanut, hazelnut, celeriac, apple and peach. RESULTS: A standardized methodology for a comprehensive evaluation of food allergy was developed and implemented in 12 outpatient clinics across Europe. A total of 2121 patients (22.6% <14 years) reporting 8257 reactions to foods were studied, and 516 DBPCFCs were performed. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest multicentre European case series in food allergy, in which subjects underwent a comprehensive, uniform and standardized evaluation including DBPCFC, by a methodology which is made available for further studies in food allergy. The analysis of this population will provide information on the different phenotypes of food allergy across Europe, will allow to validate novel in vitro diagnostic tests, to establish threshold values for major allergenic foods and to analyse the socio-economic impact of food allergy.
Asunto(s)
Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/epidemiología , Proyectos de Investigación , Instituciones de Atención Ambulatoria , Estudios Transversales , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Pruebas Inmunológicas/métodos , Pruebas Inmunológicas/normas , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although food allergy has universally been found to impair HRQL, studies have found significant differences in HRQL between countries, even when corrected for differences in perceived disease severity. However, little is known about factors other than disease severity which may contribute to HRQL in food-allergic patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify factors which may predict HRQL of food-allergic patients and also to investigate the specific impact of having experienced anaphylaxis and being prescribed an EAI on HRQL. METHODS: A total of 648 European food-allergic patients (404 adults, 244 children) completed an age-specific questionnaire package including descriptive questions. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to develop models for predicting HRQL of these patients. RESULTS: For adults, the prediction model accounted for 62% of the variance in HRQL and included perceived disease severity, type of symptoms, having a fish or milk allergy, and gender. For children, the prediction model accounted for 28% of the variance in HRQL and included perceived disease severity, having a peanut or soy allergy, and country of origin. For both adults and children, neither experiencing anaphylaxis nor being prescribed an epinephrine auto-injector (EAI) contributed to impairment of HRQL. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, food allergy-related HRQL may be predicted to a greater extent in adults than in children. Allergy to certain foods may cause greater HRQL impairment than others. Country of origin may affect HRQL, at least in children. Experiencing anaphylaxis or being prescribed an EAI has no impact on HRQL in either adults or children.
Asunto(s)
Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/psicología , Estado de Salud , Calidad de Vida , Adolescente , Adulto , Anafilaxia/tratamiento farmacológico , Anafilaxia/etiología , Niño , Epinefrina/uso terapéutico , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/complicaciones , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/tratamiento farmacológico , Francia , Grecia , Humanos , Islandia , Irlanda , Italia , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Países Bajos , Polonia , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , España , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Simpatomiméticos/uso terapéutico , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Anafilaxia/prevención & control , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Carboplatino/efectos adversos , Desensibilización Inmunológica/métodos , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/terapia , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/prevención & control , Omalizumab/uso terapéutico , Alérgenos/inmunología , Anafilaxia/etiología , Antineoplásicos/inmunología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Carboplatino/inmunología , Carboplatino/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/diagnóstico , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Double-blind placebo controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) is the gold standard diagnostic test in food allergy because it minimizes diagnostic bias. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential effect of diagnosis on the socioeconomic costs of food allergy. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal cost analysis study was conducted in Spain and Poland within the EuroPrevall project. Food-allergic patients were enrolled into the study and in all cases diagnosis was confirmed through a standardized DBPCFC. Data were collected through a self-administered survey on all aspects of health and social care resource use, costs of living, and costs of leisure activities. Costs were measured before and 6 months after the DBPCFC and reported in international dollars with 2007 as the benchmark year. RESULTS: Forty-two patients were enrolled. Twenty-one patients had a negative DBPCFC and the suspected food was reintroduced into their diet. Comparing total direct costs before and after the DBPCFC, the reactive group spent a significantly higher amount (median increase of $813.1 over baseline), while the tolerant group's spending decreased by a median of $87.3 (P = .031). The amount of money spent on food 6 months after diagnosis was also significantly higher in the reactive group (P = .040). Finally, a larger, but not statistically significant, decrease in total indirect costs was observed in the tolerant group compared with the reactive group ($538.3 vs $32.3). CONCLUSION: DBPCFC has an impact on indirect and direct costs of living. The main contribution to this increase was money spent on food.
Asunto(s)
Costo de Enfermedad , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/economía , Adulto , Preescolar , Costos y Análisis de Costo , Método Doble Ciego , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Oral food challenge (OFC) is the criterion standard for diagnosis of acute food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). No diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers are available, and OFC assessment criteria are not validated. OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical-hematological changes and predictors of severity of FPIES reactions at OFC. METHODS: This was an observational multicenter prospective study. Children aged 0 to 18 years diagnosed with acute FPIES were recruited at follow-up OFC in 12 tertiary centers in Spain and Italy. OFC outcomes (as positive/negative/inconclusive and mild/moderate/severe) were assessed on the basis of published "2017 FPIES Consensus" criteria. Clinical characteristics were recorded, and full blood cell count was done at baseline, reaction onset, and 4 hours later. Regression analysis was performed to assess predictors of severe reactions at OFC. RESULTS: A total of 81 children had positive OFC (mild in 11% [9 of 81], moderate in 61% [49 of 81], and severe in 28% [23 of 81]). Increase in neutrophils and reduction in eosinophils, basophils, and lymphocytes were observed (P < .05). OFC was inconclusive in 19 cases despite objective signs or neutrophilia. Regression analysis showed that a 2-day OFC protocol where only 25% of an age-appropriate portion is given on day 1 (not sex, age, culprit food, cumulative dose, and previous reaction severity) was associated with reduced odds of severe reaction compared with giving multiple doses in a single day. CONCLUSIONS: Distinct hematological changes may help support FPIES diagnosis. Current OFC assessment criteria may not capture the broad spectrum of acute FPIES presentations. This 2-day protocol may be associated with a reduced risk of severe reactions. Future work should aim to develop safer OFC and non-OFC diagnostics for FPIES.
Asunto(s)
Enterocolitis , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos , Humanos , Enterocolitis/diagnóstico , Enterocolitis/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/diagnóstico , Preescolar , Femenino , Masculino , Lactante , Niño , Estudios Prospectivos , Adolescente , Proteínas en la Dieta/efectos adversos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Alérgenos/inmunología , Administración Oral , España/epidemiología , Recién Nacido , PronósticoAsunto(s)
Alérgenos/inmunología , Asma Ocupacional/diagnóstico , Asma Ocupacional/inmunología , Creatina Quinasa/inmunología , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Urticaria/diagnóstico , Urticaria/inmunología , Adulto , Reacciones Cruzadas/inmunología , Femenino , Explotaciones Pesqueras , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Exposición Profesional , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Alimentos Marinos , Pruebas CutáneasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Parvalbumins are the most important fish allergens. Polysensitization to various fish species is frequently reported and linked to the cross-reactivity of their parvalbumins. Studies on cross-reactivity and its association to the allergenicity of purified natural parvalbumins from different fish species are still lacking. In addition, some studies indicate that dark muscled fish such as tuna are less allergenic. METHODS: Total protein extracts and purified parvalbumins from cod, whiff, and swordfish, all eaten frequently in Spain, were tested for their IgE-binding properties with 16 fish allergic patients' sera from Madrid. The extent of cross-reactivity of these parvalbumins was investigated by IgE ELISA inhibition assays. Additionally, the cDNA sequences of whiff and swordfish parvalbumins were determined. RESULTS: Extractable amounts of parvalbumins from cod were 20 times and from whiff 30 times higher than from swordfish. Parvalbumins were recognized by 94% of the patients in extracts of cod and whiff, but only by 60% in swordfish extracts. Nevertheless, a high cross-reactivity was determined for all purified parvalbumins by IgE inhibition. The amino acid sequence identities of the three parvalbumins were in a range of 62-74%. CONCLUSIONS: The parvalbumins of cod, whiff and swordfish are highly cross-reactive. The high amino acid sequence identity among cod, whiff and swordfish parvalbumins results in the observed IgE cross-reactivity. The low allergenicity of swordfish is due to the low expression levels of its parvalbumin.
Asunto(s)
Alérgenos/química , Peces/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/inmunología , Parvalbúminas/química , Adolescente , Adulto , Alérgenos/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Western Blotting , Niño , Preescolar , Reacciones Cruzadas , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Proteínas de Peces/química , Proteínas de Peces/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Lactante , Masculino , Parvalbúminas/inmunología , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Antitusígenos/efectos adversos , Dextrometorfano/efectos adversos , Erupciones por Medicamentos/etiología , Erupciones por Medicamentos/inmunología , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapéutico , Erupciones por Medicamentos/patología , Tolerancia a Medicamentos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadAsunto(s)
Benzodiazepinas/efectos adversos , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/diagnóstico , Eccema/diagnóstico , Relajantes Musculares Centrales/efectos adversos , Paraqueratosis/diagnóstico , Administración Oral , Anciano , Benzodiazepinas/administración & dosificación , Reacciones Cruzadas , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/inmunología , Eccema/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunización , Masculino , Relajantes Musculares Centrales/administración & dosificación , Paraqueratosis/inmunología , Pruebas CutáneasRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Hypersensitive reactions to analgesics in the general population are less than 1%. Previous studies have demonstrated that cyclooxigenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors are an efficient alternative in patients with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) intolerance. The aim of our study is to test the tolerance to celecoxib and meloxicam in patients with NSAIDs intolerance, upto dosages higher than those used in previous studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The subjects of the study were 38 NSAID-sensitive patients from September 2004 to June 2005. The diagnosis of intolerance to NSAIDs was carried out by means of single-blind placebo-controlled oral challenge with aspirin. We performed single-blind placebo controlled oral challenge tests with celecoxib (accumulated dose of 400 mg) and meloxicam (accumulated dose of 15 mg). RESULTS: There was only one reaction with celecoxib (97.3%) which was generalised urticaria after the dose of 400 mg accumulated, it should be pointed out that this patient tolerated perfectly the dose of 200 mg. For meloxicam, we found 100% tolerance at a dosage of 15 mg, including the patient who showed a reaction to the celecoxib. CONCLUSION: We consider that there are patients with tolerance to low dosages of COX-2 inhibitors who show a reaction on increasing the administered dosage, which means that their tolerance should be taken into account and checked in the long term.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/efectos adversos , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa/uso terapéutico , Pirazoles/uso terapéutico , Sulfonamidas/uso terapéutico , Tiazinas/uso terapéutico , Tiazoles/uso terapéutico , Celecoxib , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Meloxicam , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pirazoles/administración & dosificación , Método Simple Ciego , Sulfonamidas/administración & dosificación , Tiazinas/administración & dosificación , Tiazoles/administración & dosificaciónAsunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Budesonida/administración & dosificación , Resfriado Común/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/diagnóstico , Pruebas Cutáneas , Administración Intranasal , Adulto , Angioedema/etiología , Angioedema/prevención & control , Antiinflamatorios/efectos adversos , Antipruriginosos/administración & dosificación , Budesonida/efectos adversos , Reacciones Cruzadas , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Hidroxizina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
The skin prick test (SPT) is a simple and fast method used routinely in allergology practice. Systemic reactions have been described with this technique on few occasions. We are presenting a case of anaphylaxis with hemodynamic consequences after carrying out skin prick test with a cat dander extract. A 23 years old female who suffered rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma following contact with cats. We performed skin prick test with a battery of the usual inhalants. Twenty minutes after carrying out the prick test the patient showed intense ocular irritation and reddening followed by dysphonia and a feeling of pharyngeal occupation. Although skin prick test is a safe diagnostic approach, it should be performed only in places equipped to treat anaphylaxis and for trained specialists .
Asunto(s)
Anafilaxia/etiología , Pruebas Cutáneas/efectos adversos , Adulto , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
Eye drops contain several ophthalmic medications which can produce allergic reactions. We report the case of a patient with contact dermatitis from neomycin and a probable fixed exanthema after parenteral administration of tobramycin who tolerated topical tobramycin and other aminoglycosides.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/efectos adversos , Exantema/etiología , Tobramicina/efectos adversos , Anciano , Aminoglicósidos/administración & dosificación , Aminoglicósidos/efectos adversos , Aminoglicósidos/inmunología , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/inmunología , Reacciones Cruzadas , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/etiología , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/inmunología , Exantema/inmunología , Femenino , Humanos , Pruebas Inmunológicas , Neomicina/administración & dosificación , Neomicina/efectos adversos , Neomicina/inmunología , Soluciones Oftálmicas , Pruebas Cutáneas , Tobramicina/administración & dosificación , Tobramicina/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
Benzamidas/efectos adversos , Benzamidas/inmunología , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Oral , Anciano , Benzamidas/administración & dosificación , Domperidona/administración & dosificación , Domperidona/efectos adversos , Domperidona/inmunología , Dopamina/metabolismo , Antagonistas de Dopamina/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Exantema/inducido químicamente , Exantema/tratamiento farmacológico , Exantema/inmunología , Exantema/fisiopatología , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inducido químicamente , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Inmunización , Masculino , Agonistas de Receptores de Serotonina/uso terapéutico , Privación de TratamientoAsunto(s)
Hipersensibilidad al Huevo/diagnóstico , Clara de Huevo/efectos adversos , Placebos , Urticaria/diagnóstico , Alérgenos/inmunología , Método Doble Ciego , Hipersensibilidad al Huevo/inmunología , Yema de Huevo/inmunología , Reacciones Falso Positivas , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Lactante , Masculino , Urticaria/inmunologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Delayed reactions with betalactam antibiotics are a very common reason for consultation and a matter of numerous publications. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that delayed reactions occurring during treatment with betalactam antibiotics are not reproduced in a high percentage of the patients, when making drug challenge. To analyse the characteristics of people showing this type of reaction. METHODS: We included in our study all the patients who came to our Allergy Department during one year (2004), with a clinical history of delayed reaction (> 72h) to betalactams. Skin prick tests (SPT), intradermal tests (IT) and patch tests were carried out, followed by simple blind placebo controlled drug challenge (SBPCDC) at hospital and home treatment with betalactams. RESULTS: We studied 23 patients (12 men and 11 women), average age 23.4 years old. SPT and patch test were negative in all patients. Only one patient showed positive IT tests, and allergic reaction was only reproduced in two patients; 76 % tolerated the drug involved in supposed allergy. CONCLUSIONS: Simple blind oral challenge with implicated drug followed by home treatment is required for a conclusive diagnosis of allergy in patients with delayed reactions to betalactams.