Interobserver agreement in the assessment of lobar versus deep location of intracerebral haematomas on CT.

In patients with supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), it is important to discriminate superficial (lobar) and deep (basal ganglia) location, since this has consequences for research and prognosis. Haemorrhages at these sites have different causes and different risk factors. We studied the interobserver variation between three radiologists in classifying fifty large haematomas on CT as deep or lobar. The kappa values were almost perfect, ranging from 0.88 to 0.96. We conclude that the assessment of CT by radiologist is a reliable method to discriminate between lobar versus deep origin even for large intracerebral haematomas.

[Neurosurgery or endovascular treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured aneurysm? In case of doubt choose endovascular treatment]. / Operatie of endovasculaire behandeling bij subarachnoïdale bloeding door een gebarsten aneurysma? Bij twijfel kiezen voor endovasculaire behandeling.

In the 'International subarachnoid aneurysm trial' (ISAT), patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms were randomised to endovascular detachable coil treatment or craniotomy with clipping of the aneurysm if either treatment was judged to be suitable. Of all patients assessed for eligibility, endovascular treatment was considered the best treatment for 29% and neurosurgical clipping was considered best for 38%, in 11% the treatment was unknown, which left 22% for whom there was no preference for one of the two treatments and who gave permission for randomisation. In patients allocated endovascular treatment, 24% was dependent or dead at 1 year versus 31% of patients allocated neurosurgical treatment. The relative-risk reduction in dependency or death at 1 year was 23%. The risk of re-bleeding after 1 year was 2 per 1276 patient years in patients allocated endovascular treatment and 0 per 1081 patient years in those allocated neurosurgical treatment. Based on these results it is estimated that in the Netherlands each year at least 500 patients with a ruptured intracranial aneurysm should be treated with endovascular coiling within 3 days of the haemorrhage. This treatment can best be limited to a few centres, since it will otherwise not be possible to gain sufficient experience. The same applies to neurosurgical treatment since the number of patients treated with neurosurgical clipping will decrease.

[Subarachnoid hemorrhage without aneurysm on the angiogram: the value of repeat angiography]. / Subarachnoïdale bloedingen zonder aneurysma op het angiogram: de waarde van herhalingsangiografie.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the yield of repeated angiography in patients with a non-perimesencephalic subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and a negative first cerebral angiogram. DESIGN: Retrospective. METHOD: All diagnostic data of patients with a spontaneous SAH admitted to the Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands, in the period 1 January 1992-30 June 2000 were analysed. Patients with a perimesencephalic haemorrhage on a CT-scan were excluded and follow-up was completed. A negative angiogram was considered false-negative, if an aneurysm was shown on a repeat angiogram or after a rebleed. These angiograms were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 333 patients with a spontaneous SAH were registered. Of these, 249 patients had one or more angiograms made, which resulted in 59 first angiograms being negative (24%). A total of 36 patients had a non-perimesencephalic SAH (26 women and 10 men; mean age: 54 years (range: 25-77)). In 25 of these 36 patients, angiography was repeated revealing 9 aneurysms. Four patients suffered from a rebleed after a previous negative angiogram. Altogether, in 13 of these 36 patients the first negative angiogram was false-negative (36%). In 5 of the 9 patients with a positive repeat angiogram, the first angiogram had been incorrectly assessed as negative. CONCLUSION: Of the 36 patients with a non-perimesencephalic subarachnoid haemorrhage and a negative angiogram, 13 were revealed to have an aneurysm. Nine of these 13 aneurysms were demonstrated on a repeat angiogram. Technical and interpretation factors appeared to play an important role in missing an aneurysm on a cerebral angiogram.

Coiling of saccular basilar trunk aneurysms.

We reviewed the selective endosaccular coiling of eight consecutive patients with saccular basilar trunk aneurysms, seven after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). All aneurysms could be coiled in a mean procedure time of 61 min. There were no procedure-related complications, but one patient died of vasospasm following the SAH. The remaining seven had a good outcome, and five of seven aneurysms were completely occluded with a stable result on follow-up angiography. Compaction of the coils occurred in one very large aneurysm necessitating additional coiling. One patient with a giant, partially thrombosed aneurysm was coiled four times in a 3-year period to obtain a satisfactory anatomical result.

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: long-term follow-up of 44 treated patients.

To assess the long-term clinical course of 44 patients treated for a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula, patients were re-examined after a median follow-up of 5.7 years. In total, 70% of patients rated their activities of daily life as better or much better than before treatment. In most patients, gait disturbances and muscle strength had improved after treatment, with reduced disability; problems with micturition, defecation, and erection tended to remain unchanged.

Endovascular coiling versus neurosurgical clipping in patients with a ruptured basilar tip aneurysm.

OBJECTIVES: To compare endovascular coiling with neurosurgical clipping of ruptured basilar bifurcation aneurysms. METHODS: Patient and aneurysm characteristics, procedural complications, and clinical and anatomical results were compared retrospectively in 44 coiled patients and 44 patients treated by clipping. The odds ratios for poor outcome (Glasgow outcome scale 1, 2, 3) adjusted for age, clinical condition, and aneurysm size were assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In the endovascular group, five patients (11%) had a poor outcome v 13 (30%) in the surgical group; the adjusted odds ratio for poor outcome after coiling v clipping was 0.28 (95% confidence interval, 0.08 to 0.99). Procedural complications were more common in the surgical group. Optimal or suboptimal occlusion of the aneurysm immediately after coiling was achieved in 41 patients (93%). Clipping was successful in 40 patients (91%). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that embolisation with coils is the preferred treatment for patients with ruptured basilar bifurcation aneurysms.