RESUMEN
Oral cavity cancer is categorized under head and neck cancer that frequently develops from squamous cells hence also known as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although molecular markers for oral cavity cancer are already known, epigenetic signatures for the same haven't been explored much. Epigenetic and genetic alterations were initially thought to be discrete mechanisms driving the tumour but the whole exome sequencing of various cancers has revealed the interdependency of epigenetics and genetic alterations. The reversible nature of these epigenetic changes makes them an alluring target for cancer therapeutics. The primary epigenetic alterations in cancer include DNA methylation and histone modifications. These alterations are useful for patient early detection and prognostication. This review summarizes the epigenetic perspective to understand the etiology, epigenetic biomarkers, and epi-drugs for better predictive diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Neoplasias de la Boca , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Epigénesis Genética , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Metilación de ADNRESUMEN
Marine biosphere is one of the largest, diverse and dynamic system hosting numerous of microorganisms. Viruses being the most abundant under explored lifeforms in ocean, represent a reservoir of great genetic diversity. We report the metagenomic insights on the viral communities in the deep sediments of the two Gulfs of Gujarat i.e. Gulf of Khambhat and Gulf of Kutch, with one sample from Arabian Sea, treated as open sea control. The viral reads were filtered from the whole dataset, assembled and studied for viral diversity, which was visualized by Pavian. The sequences were checked for the viral abundance, diversity and functionality. The resulting viral taxonomic classification contained 6 orders, 8 families and 47 genera. The results revealed that the phages infecting Cyanobacterium, Bacillus and Vibrio dominated the sediments. Further, it was observed that majority of viral sequences belonged to double-stranded DNA phages. The present study attempts to provide a primary insight of the viral signals and potential genetic content in the Gulfs of Kathiawar.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriófagos , Sedimentos Geológicos , Bacterias/genética , Bacteriófagos/genética , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiología , Humanos , Metagenoma , Metagenómica , FilogeniaRESUMEN
Prokaryoplankton genomes from the deep marine sediments are less explored compared to shallow shore sediments. The Gulfs of Kathiawar peninsula experience varied currents and inputs from different on-shore activities. Any perturbations would directly influence the microbiome and their normal homeostasis. Advancements in reconstructing genomes from metagenomes allows us to understand the role of individual unculturable microbes in ecological niches like the Gulf sediments. Here, we report 309 bacterial and archaeal genomes assembled from metagenomics data of deep sediments from sites in the Gulf of Khambhat and Gulf of Kutch as well as a sample from the Arabian Sea. Phylogenomics classified them into 5 archaeal and 18 bacterial phyla. The genomes will facilitate understanding of the physiology, adaptation and impact of on-shore anthropogenic activities on the deep sediment microbes.