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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of ganciclovir in the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in infants and its effect on inflammatory reaction and immune function. METHODS: In this retrospective analysis, from January 2019 to December 2022, a total of 100 infants with CMV infection were collected from the Department of Pediatrics of Anhui Maternal and Child Health Hospital and divided into two groups (50 in each group) based on differences in intervention methods. The control group (CG) was given routine treatment and antiviral therapy, and the observation group (OG) was additionally given intravenous drip of 5-6 mg/kg ganciclovir on the basis of routine treatment given to the CG. After 21 d of treatment, the clinical efficacy, inflammatory factor levels, immunoglobulin levels, T-lymphocyte levels and incidence of adverse reactions of both groups were observed and compared. RESULTS: After treatment, the overall response rate in the OG (92.00%) was significantly higher than that in the CG (76.00%) (P = 0.029). The OG after treatment displayed significantly lower levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (P = 0.006, P = 0.000), but significantly higher level of interleukin 10 (IL-10) than CG (P = 0.000). Compared with CG, levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the OG increased significantly (P = 0.048, P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.000), whereas level of CD8+ decreased significantly (P = 0.000) after treatment. No significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups was observed (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Intervention of ganciclovir can effectively treat CMV infection in infants, reduce the inflammatory reactions and enhance the immune function of the body, without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.
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ABSTRACTThe emerging new VOC B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant has raised serious concerns due to multiple mutations, reported significant immune escape, and unprecedented rapid spreading speed. Currently, studies describing the neutralization ability of different homologous and heterologous booster vaccination against Omicron are still lacking. In this study, we explored the immunogenicity of COVID-19 breakthrough patients, BBIBP-CorV homologous booster group and BBIBP-CorV/ZF2001 heterologous booster group against SARS-CoV-2 pseudotypes corresponding to the prototype, Beta, Delta, and the emergent Omicron variant.Notably, at 14 days post two-dose inactivated vaccines, pVNT titre increased to 67.4 GMTs against prototype, 8.85 against Beta and 35.07 against Delta, while neutralization activity against Omicron was below the lower limit of quantitation in 80% of the samples. At day 14 post BBIBP-CorV homologous booster vaccination, GMTs of pVNT significantly increased to 285.6, 215.7, 250.8, 48.73 against prototype, Beta, Delta, and Omicron, while at day 14 post ZF2001 heterologous booster vaccination, GMTs of pVNT significantly increased to 1436.00, 789.6, 1501.00, 95.86, respectively. Post booster vaccination, 100% samples showed positive neutralization activity against Omicron, albeit illustrated a significant reduction (5.86- to 14.98-fold) of pVNT against Omicron compared to prototype at 14 days after the homologous or heterologous vaccine boosters.Overall, our study demonstrates that vaccine-induced immune protection might more likely be escaped by Omicron compared to prototypes and other VOCs. After two doses of inactivated whole-virion vaccines as the "priming" shot, a third heterologous protein subunit vaccine and a homologous inactivated vaccine booster could improve neutralization against Omicron.