Collagen Meniscal Scaffold Implantation Can Provide Meniscal Regeneration in Asian Patients with Partial Meniscal Defects: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study with Three-Dimensional Volume Analysis of the Meniscus.

Background: To date, the efficiency of collagen meniscal scaffold implantation in Asian patients with partial meniscal defects has not been evaluated. In addition, no study has quantitatively analyzed meniscal regeneration using three-dimensional (3D) volume analysis after collagen scaffold implantation. We aimed to compare meniscal regeneration using 3D volume analysis between Asian patients undergoing collagen-based meniscal scaffold implantation after partial meniscectomy and those undergoing only partial meniscectomy. Methods: Nineteen patients who underwent collagen-based meniscal scaffold implantation and 14 who underwent partial meniscectomy were analyzed with a prospective randomized control design for 12 months postoperatively. The demographic characteristics, Kellgren-Lawrence grade, and location of the injury lesion (medial or lateral meniscus) were not significantly different between the groups. Using 3D volume analysis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the meniscus-removing ratio during the operative procedure and the meniscus defect-filling ratio were measured during the 12-month postoperative period. Clinically, the visual analog scale, International Knee Documentation Committee score, and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score were evaluated. The Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) and Genovese grade were also evaluated using MRI. Results: In the 3D volume analysis, the average meniscus-removing ratio during surgery was not significantly different between the groups (-9.3% vs. -9.2%, p = 0.984). The average meniscus defect-filling ratio during the postoperative 12-month period was 7.5% in the scaffold group and -0.4% in the meniscectomy group (p < 0.001). None of the clinical results were significantly different between the scaffold and meniscectomy groups at 12 months postoperatively. The average change in the total WORMS score was not significantly different between the groups (0 vs. 1.9, p = 0.399). The Genovese grade of the implanted collagen scaffold did not significantly change during the follow-up period in terms of morphology and size (p = 0.063); however, the grade significantly improved in terms of signal intensity (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Definite meniscal regeneration and stable scaffold incorporation were observed after collagen-based meniscal scaffold implantation in Asian patients during 12 months of follow-up. A long-term follow-up study with a larger cohort is required to determine the advantages of collagenous meniscal scaffold implantation in Asian patients.

[A case of jejunal infarction and perforation due to acute pancreatitis].

Jejunal infarction as a complication of acute pancreatitis is not common and can not be well recognized. This jejunal infarction usually arises from the venous thrombosis rather than arterial thrombosis. Jejunal infarction results in bowel perforation or stenosis according to its extension of injury and progression rate. Pathologic findings of the involved jejunum show a segmental transmural infarction and mesenteric venous thrombotic occlusions. Early diagnosis should be made for better prognosis. We report a patient with jejunal infarction resulting perforation due to acute pancreatitis, in which the initial presenting symptoms were hematemesis and abdominal distention.

Improvement of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes after long-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.

BACKGROUND: The effects of long-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on cardiovascular risk factors such as hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, and proinflammatory cytokine levels have not been assessed so far in type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We analysed the levels of HbA(1c), serum lipids, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) at 0, 2, and 30 weeks after CSII in 15 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age, 53.3+/-10.1 years; disease duration, 9.4+/-5.3 years) without previous history of major cardiovascular events. RESULTS: At week 30, CSII significantly lowered HbA(1c) by 5.0+/-0.9% compared to baseline (7.9+/-1.9%, p<0.001) and improved high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc; 1.09+/-0.16 at baseline vs 1.25+/-0.15 mmol/L at week 30; p<0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc)/HDLc ratios (2.8+/-1.4 at baseline vs 2.2+/-0.9 at week 30; p<0.05). CSII also decreased the proportion of patients with dyslipidaemia at week 30. At baseline, TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels were up-regulated (2.65+/-4.04 and 2.82+/-1.81 pg/mL, respectively) compared to the normal control (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively); however, cytokine levels decreased significantly at week 30 (1.44+/-2.25 and 1.99+/-1.05 pg/mL, respectively; p=NS vs control). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term CSII alone decreased cardiovascular risk factors in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, suggesting that the synchronization of sufficient insulin peaks with meal ingestion and continuous pulsatile infusion of basal insulin corrects metabolic derangements.

[Clinical Characteristics of Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Producing Shigella sonnei Infection Outbreaked in Chungju Area.].

BACKGROUND: An outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Shigella sonnei enteritis, especially in pediatric populations, was unprecedented not only in Korea, but also throughout the world in the past. This study was intended to devise a management guideline for shigellosis caused by an ESBL-producing strain based on analysis of the clinical manifestations and response to therapy. METHODS: We examined 24 strains of S. sonnei isolated from stool cultures of patients with acute enteritis, between November 2004 and February 2005, for antimicrobial susceptibility and ESBL production, and we also performed DNA sequencing with PCR for the typing of ESBL genes. In addition, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and therapeutic responses to antibiotics of the 103 patients who grew S. sonnei on stool cultures. RESULTS: All 24 isolates showed a very similar antibiotic sensitivity pattern and were ESBL gene type of CTX-M-14. The most frequent clinical symptom in the 103 patients was a fever, followed by diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, vomiting, and nausea. Leukocytosis and CRP were positive in 53.4% and 78.6% of the patients, respectively. On stool direct smears, 11.7% showed more than 50 WBCs per HPF and 71% were positive on stool occult blood. Microbiological eradication rates were as follows: azithromycin and ciprofloxacin, 100%; imipenem-cilastatin, 68.8%; ampicillin-sulbactam, 42.9%; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 20%; ceftizoxime, 12.5%; cefdinir, 6.9%; and ceftriaxone and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 0%. CONCLUSIONS: We presumed that, given its cost-effectiveness and safety, azithromycin can be an attractive option for the treatment of ESBL-producing S. sonnei enteritis in pediatric populations. Although ciprofloxacin is another cost-effective agent, its use in pediatric populations is not recommended.