An Unexpected Decrease in Vibrational Entropy of Multicomponent Rutile Oxides.

High-entropy oxides (HEOs), featuring infinite chemical composition and exceptional physicochemical properties, are attracting much attention. The configurational entropy caused by a component disorder of HEOs is popularly believed to be the main driving force for thermal stability, while the role of vibrational entropy in the thermodynamic landscape has been neglected. In this study, we systematically investigated the vibrational entropy of multicomponent rutile oxides (including Fe0.5Ta0.5O2, Fe0.333Ti0.333Ta0.333O2, Fe0.25Ti0.25Ta0.25Sn0.25O2, and Fe0.21Ti0.21Ta0.21Sn0.21Ge0.16O2) by precise heat capacity measurements. It is found that vibrational entropy gradually decreases with increasing component disorder, beyond what one could expect from an equilibrium thermodynamics perspective. Moreover, all multicomponent rutile oxides exhibit a positive excess vibrational entropy at 298.15 K. Upon examinations of configuration disorder, size mismatch, phase transition, and polyhedral distortions, we demonstrate that the excess vibrational entropy plays a pivotal role in lowering the crystallization temperature of multicomponent rutile oxides. These findings represent the first experimental confirmation of the role of lattice vibrations in the thermodynamic landscape of rutile HEOs. In particular, vibrational entropy could serve as a novel descriptor to guide the predictive design of multicomponent oxide materials.

Modulating Lattice Oxygen Activity of Iron-Based Triple-Conducting Nanoheterostructure Air Electrode via Sc-Substitution Strategy for Protonic Ceramic Cells.

Iron-based perovskite air electrodes for protonic ceramic cells (PCCs) offer broad application prospects owing to their reasonable thermomechanical compatibility and steam tolerance. However, their insufficient electrocatalytic activity has considerably limited further development. Herein, oxygen-vacancy-rich BaFe0.6 Ce0.2 Sc0.2 O3-δ (BFCS) perovskite is rationally designed by a facile Sc-substitution strategy for BaFe0.6 Ce0.4 O3-δ (BFC) as efficient and stable air electrode for PCCs. The BFCS electrode with an optimized Fe 3d-eg orbital occupancy and more oxygen vacancies exhibits a polarization resistance of ≈ 0.175 Ω cm2 at 600 °C, ≈ 1/3 of the BFC electrode (≈0.64 Ω cm2 ). Simultaneously, BFCS shows favorable proton uptake with a low proton defect formation enthalpy (- 81 kJ mol-1 ). By combining soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and electrical conductivity relaxation studies, it is revealed that the enhancement of Fe4+ -O2- interactions in BFCS promotes the activation and mobility of lattice oxygen, triggering the activity of BFCS in both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER). The single cell achieves encouraging output performance in both fuel cell (1.55 W cm-2 ) and electrolysis cell (-2.96 A cm-2 at 1.3 V) modes at 700 °C. These results highlight the importance of activating lattice oxygen in air electrodes of PCCs.

Ensuring that ingested fishbones that migrate to the neck are located, diagnosed, and removed early.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to explore the clinical characteristics of and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the removal of fish bones that migrate to the neck. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical data of 30 patients over the past 12 years who underwent neck surgery in our otorhinolaryngology department for the migration of fish bones from the throat. The location of fish bones and the positivity rate of different examination methods (neck CT and B-ultrasound) were evaluated statistically. The diagnosis and treatment strategy for fish bone migration to the neck was also summarized. RESULTS: A total of 24 patients had a history of foreign body ingestion. The duration from foreign body ingestion to the appearance of symptoms in the neck ranged from 26 to 151 days, with a median of 50 days (interquartile range, 32-86 days). Among the 24 patients with fish bones located in the front or side of the neck, 50% (12/24) and 100% (24/24) of whom had positive neck CT and B-ultrasound results, respectively. Additionally, for 6 patients with fish bones in the retropharyngeal space, the positive rate for neck CT was 100%, whereas neck B-ultrasound showed negative results due to the air and depth in the trachea and esophagus. A strong correlation was observed between the length of fish bones detected by B-ultrasound and CT and the actual length. Indeed, no significant difference was observed between the length of fish bone determined by B-ultrasound and the actual length. In patients with fish bones located in the anterior and lateral neck regions, the foreign bodies were successfully removed by a lateral cervical approach operation (23/24). For the 6 cases with fish bones located in the retropharyngeal space, all (6/6) were removed by incising the posterior pharyngeal wall with assistance from transoral endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: The techniques of B-ultrasound and CT have advantages for the diagnosis of migratory foreign bodies in the neck. Although B-ultrasound is more accurate for estimating the length of migratory fish bones in the neck, a combination of both methods can improve the preoperative positive rate of diagnosis. Therefore, a variety of surgical approaches should be employed to manage the different locations of cervical foreign bodies.

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Allergic Rhinitis in Children with Epistaxis.

Background: Epistaxis is frequently observed in children with allergic rhinitis. However, few studies have addressed the clinical characteristics and risk factors for allergic rhinitis in children with epistaxis. This study aimed to describe the factors associated with allergic rhinitis in children with epistaxis. Methods: In total, we recruited 80 children (aged 3-14 years) who presented with epistaxis at a tertiary hospital between January 2014 and January 2022. The follow-up duration was at least 3 months, and we performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the risk factors for allergic rhinitis. Results: Among the 80 children examined, 57 (71.25%) had allergic rhinitis. Epistaxis mainly occurred in autumn in children with allergic rhinitis; in contrast, it mostly occurred in summer in children without it (P = 0.029). Mites are common allergens for allergic rhinitis in children with epistaxis; the univariate analysis revealed significant differences between allergic-rhinitis group and nonallergic-rhinitis group in the number of allergens (P < 0.001) and total IgE (P < 0.001). The difference in severity of nasal symptoms between the two groups was statistically significant and included nasal obstruction (P < 0.001), rhinorrhea (P < 0.001), sneezing (P < 0.001), and nasal itching (P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the severity of rhinorrhea symptoms was found to be associated with an increased risk of allergic rhinitis in children with epistaxis (odds ratio: 3.86; 95% confidence interval: 1.61-9.26; P = 0.003). Conclusions: Observing the onset season, number of allergens, total IgE, and nasal symptoms in cases of epistaxis could suggest the presence of associated allergic rhinitis and reduce the number of missed diagnoses; antiallergic drugs could help control epistaxis in these cases.

Efficacy of various surgical methods in the treatment of allergic rhinitis: A network meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: We often use surgery to treat allergic rhinitis (AR) patients who have failed drug treatment, but there is currently no clear gold standard for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Using network meta-analysis, we evaluated the efficacy of different surgical methods in the treatment of AR. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CBM, Wan Fang Data, and CNKI databases were searched to collect clinical randomized controlled trials of AR with different surgical methods that met the inclusion criteria. After two investigators independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, R software was used to evaluate inconsistency using the node splitting method, and Stata15.1 was used to estimate the ranking probability of treatment. RESULTS: A total of 47 randomized control studies involving 17 surgical schemes and 4144 participants were included. The results showed that after excluding surgical methods that did not form a closed loop, in AR patients without chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps, surgical efficiency and symptom score ranked the same, which were posterior nasal neurectomy (PNN), Vidian neurectomy (VN), anterior ethmoid neurectomy (AEN), nasal septal reconstruction (NSR), and bilateral inferior turbinoplasty (BIT). In AR patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, the effective rate (OR = 5.06; 95% CI = 2.75-9.32) and symptom and sign scores (MD = -3.80; 95% CI = -6.50-1.09) of PNN + FESS (functional endoscopic sinusitis surgery) were higher than FESS, and there was a significant difference. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that PNN is the best single operation for patients with AR and without chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps, and the combination of multiple procedures may be better than a single operation. FESS + PNN is more effectual in AR patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Why is tinnitus a problem? A large-scale qualitative evaluation of problems reported by tinnitus patients in mainland China.

Objectives: The lived experience of tinnitus has biopsychosocial characteristics which are influenced by sociocultural factors. The main purpose of this study is to investigate how tinnitus affects people in their everyday life in China. A deductive qualitative analysis examined whether an a priori Western-centric conceptual framework could extend to an Asian context.Design: A large-scale prospective survey collected patient-reported problems associated with tinnitus in 485 adults attending four major ENT clinics in Eastern and Southern mainland China.Results: The evidence suggests that patients in China express a narrower range of problem domains associated with the lived experience of tinnitus. While 13 tinnitus-related problem domains were confirmed, culture-specific adaptations included the addition uncomfortable (a novel concept not previously reported), and the potential exclusion of concepts such as intrusiveness, loss of control, loss of peace and loss of sense of self.Conclusions: The sociocultural context of patients across China plays an important role in defining the vocabulary used to describe the patient-centred impacts of tinnitus. Possible explanatory factors include cultural differences in the meaning and relevance of certain concepts relating to self and in help-seeking behaviour, low health literacy and a different lexicon in Chinese compared to English to describe tinnitus-related problems.

A novel approach to precipitation prediction using a coupled CEEMDAN-GRU-Transformer model with permutation entropy algorithm.

The accurate forecasting of precipitation in the upper reaches of the Yellow River is imperative for enhancing water resources in both the local and broader Yellow River basin in the present and future. While many models exist for predicting precipitation by analyzing historical data, few consider the impact of different frequency sequences on model accuracy. In this study, we propose a coupled monthly precipitation prediction model that leverages the adaptive noise complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), gated recurrent unit neural network (GRU), and attention mechanism-based transformer model. The permutation entropy (PE) algorithm is employed to partition the data processed by CEEMDAN into different frequencies, with different models utilized to predict different frequencies. The predicted results are subsequently combined to obtain the monthly precipitation prediction value. The model is applied to precipitation prediction in four regions in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and compared with other models. Evaluation results demonstrate that the CEEMDAN-GRU-Transformer model outperforms other models in predicting precipitation for these regions, with a coefficient of determination R2 greater than 0.8. These findings suggest that the proposed model provides a novel and effective method for improving the accuracy of regional medium and long-term precipitation prediction.

Gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites in colorectal cancer: enemy or friend.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal cancer worldwide. Recent research has shown that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in the development of CRC. There is mounting evidence supporting the crucial contributions of bacteria-derived toxins and metabolites to cancer-related inflammation, immune imbalances, and the response to therapy. Besides, some gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites have protective effects against CRC. This review aims to summarize the current studies on the effects and mechanisms of gut microbiota and microbiota-produced metabolites in the initiation, progression, and drug sensitivity/resistance of CRC. Additionally, we explore the clinical implications and future prospects of utilizing gut microbiota as innovative approaches for preventing and treating CRC.

microRNA-454-mediated NEDD4-2/TrkA/cAMP axis in heart failure: Mechanisms and cardioprotective implications.

The current study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which miR-454 influences the progression of heart failure (HF) in relation to the neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 4-2 (NEDD4-2)/tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA)/cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) axis. Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish a HF animal model via ligation of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery. The cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells were treated with H2 O2 to stimulate oxidative stress injury in vitro. RT-qPCR and Western blot assay were subsequently performed to determine the expression patterns of miR-454, NEDD4-2, TrkA, apoptosis-related proteins and cAMP pathway markers. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay coupled with co-immunoprecipitation was performed to elucidate the relationship between miR-454, NEDD4-2 and TrkA. Gain- or loss-of-function experiments as well as rescue experiments were conducted via transient transfection (in vitro) and adenovirus infection (in vivo) to examine their respective functions on H9c2 cell apoptosis and myocardial damage. Our results suggested that miR-454 was aberrantly downregulated in the context of HF, while evidence was obtained suggesting that it targeted NEDD4-2 to downregulate NEDD4-2 in cardiomyocytes. miR-454 exerted anti-apoptotic and protective effects on cardiomyocytes through inhibition of NEDD4-2, while NEDD4-2 stimulated ubiquitination and degradation of TrkA protein. Furthermore, miR-454 activated the cAMP pathway via the NEDD4-2/TrkA axis, which ultimately suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis and attenuated myocardial damage. Taken together, the key findings of the current study highlight the cardioprotective role of miR-454, which is achieved through activation of the cAMP pathway by impairing NEDD4-2-induced TrkA ubiquitination.

Glycyrrhetinic acid remodels the tumor microenvironment and synergizes with doxorubicin for breast cancer treatment in a murine model.

We aimed to combine glycyrrhetinic acid with doxorubicin to prepare, characterize and evaluate a drug delivery nano-system with REDOX sensitivity for the treatment of breast cancer. M-DOX-GA NPs prepared by nano sedimentation were spherical, with a particle size of 181 nm. And the maximum encapsulation efficiency and drug loading in M-DOX-GA NPs were 89.28% and 18.22%, respectively. Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake experiments of nanoparticles to KC cells, Cal-27 cells and 4T1 cells were studied by the CCK-8 method. The result indicated that M-DOX-GA NPs could accurately release the drug into the tumor cells, thus achieving the targeted release of the drug. Comparing the survival rate of the above three cells, it was found that M-DOX-GA NPs had a good tumor selectivity and had a more significant therapeutic effect on breast cancer. A 4T1-bearing mouse model was established, and the tumor inhibition rate was 77.37% after injection of nanoparticle solution for 14 d. Normal tissue H&E stained sections and TUNEL assay were verified M-DOX-GA NPs have excellent tumor suppressive effect, and can efficiently reduce the toxic side effects on normal organisms, and effectively avoided 4T1 cells metastasis. Immunofluorescence detection and Western-blot analysis figured a decline in both CUGBP1 and α-SMA, which verifying the TME remodeling induced by glycyrrhetinic acid. Collectively, the combination of doxorubicin and glycyrrhetinic acid is an effective and safe strategy for remodeling fibrotic TME by improving the therapeutic outcome for breast cancer.

The GPR55 antagonist CID16020046 protects against ox-LDL-induced inflammation in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs).

Atherosclerosis is a commonplace cardiovascular disease which affects most people in old age. While its causes are currently poorly understood, continuous study is being performed in order to elucidate both the pathogenesis and treatment of this insidious disease. Atherosclerosis is presently thought to be linked to several factors such as endothelial dysfunction, monocyte adhesion to the intima of the artery, and increased oxidative stress. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), colloquially known as the "bad cholesterol", is known to play a critical role in the previously mentioned atherosclerotic processes. In this study, our goal was to elucidate the role of the lysophospholipid receptor G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) and its antagonist, the cannabinoid CID16020046, in endothelial dysfunction. While their existence and especially their role in atherosclerosis has only semi-recently been elucidated, a growing body of research has begun to link their interaction to antiatherosclerosis. In our research, we found CID16020046 to have distinct atheroprotective properties such as anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and inhibition of monocyte attachment to endothelial cells. While there was previously a small body of research regarding the potential of cannabinoids to treat or prevent atherosclerosis, studies on the treatment potential of CID16020046 were even fewer. Thus, this study is one of the first to explore the effects of cannabinoids in atherosclerosis. Our findings in the present study provide a strong argument for the use of CID16020046 in the treatment of atherosclerosis as well as a basis for further experimentation using cannabinoids as therapy against atherosclerosis.

RETRACTED: Long non-coding RNA LINC00052 regulates miR-608/EGFR axis to promote progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the corresponding author and the Editor-in-chief The corresponding author claims that the authors confused multiple pictures in different groups, resulting in overlapping figures among different groups. Fig. 7B has partial overlap with Fig. 7D of a paper authored by a different research group (Y. Gao, et al., LINC00311 promotes cancer stem-like properties by targeting miR-330-5p/TLR4 pathway in human papillary thyroid cancer, Cancer Med. 9 (2019) 1515-1528, https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2815). The author claimed that they had sent the pathological sections to a shared platform and that the platform mistakenly sent back pathological results from other institutions which were then used in the manuscript. The Editor-in-Chief has lost the trust in the data and the conclusion, and decided to retract the paper.

Angiotensin II upregulates fibroblast-myofibroblast transition through Cx43-dependent CaMKII and TGF-ß1 signaling in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts.

In cardiac fibroblasts, angiotensin II (Ang II) can increase connexin 43 (Cx43) expression and promote calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activation. Cx43 overexpression is crucial for the fibroblast-myofibroblast transition. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of CaMKII in regulating Cx43 expression and to determine whether the CaMKII/Cx43 pathway is essential for controlling fibroblast activation and differentiation. In vivo, 4 weeks of Ang II infusion enhanced CaMKII activation but reduced Cx43 expression in hearts undergoing fibrosis remodeling, while in cultured neonatal rat fibroblasts, CaMKII activation upregulated Cx43 expression via transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-ß1). CaMKII inhibition by Ang-(1-7) or autocamtide 2-related inhibitory peptide reversed the Ang II-induced changes in Cx43 expression and attenuated Ang II-induced upregulation of alpha smooth muscle actin and TGF-ß1 in both Ang II-infused rats and cultured fibroblasts. Based on the in vivo and in vitro experimental results, CaMKII plays a pivotal role in the Ang II-mediated fibroblast-myofibroblast transition by modulating the expressions of TGF-ß1 and Cx43. We conclude that Ang II mediates the fibroblast-myofibroblast transition partially via the Ang II/CaMKII/TGF-ß1/Cx43 signaling pathway.

The clinical analysis of bilateral successive sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of successive bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) with an interval of more than 1 year to aid the evaluation and management of successive bilateral SSNHL (BSSNHL). 14 successive BSSNHL patients and 118 unilateral SSNHL patients with severe and profound hearing loss were reviewed retrospectively. Information about successive BSSNHL was collected included demographics, the intervals between the attacks of bilateral ears, the past medical history, inducing factors, accompanying symptoms, pure-tone tests, blood tests, b-ultrasound examinations of vertebral artery and carotid artery, and medical interventions. And the comparison of improvement rate was made between successive BSSNHL and unilateral SSNHL. SPSS 15.0 was used to analyze the data. In successive BSSNHL, there were six males and eight females; the average aged was 49.86 ± 15.45 years (20-73 years). The interval of the two attacks was 11.43 ± 12.07 years (1-50 years) on average. The onset of treatment was 18.86 ± 12.71 days. Tinnitus was seen in 100 % of the patients, followed by vertigo in 42.85 %, and ear fullness in 21.43 %. 3 of 14 patients described obvious inducing factor: tiredness. Five patients (35.71 %) had hypertension histories, three (21.43 %) had diabetes histories, two (14.29 %) had surgery histories, one (7.14 %) was with depression history, one (7.14 %) was with coronary heart disease history. 30 % (3/10) patients were with atherosclerotic plaque in carotid artery. 4 (28.57 %) patients were with high blood sugar. 8 patients (57.14 %) were with high blood lipids. Thyroid function tests were positive in 27.27 % (3/11) patients. No abnormality was found in antinuclear antibodies titer. The percentage of profound and severe hearing loss were 71.43 and 78.57 % in the recently affected ear and contralateral ear separately. The PTAs of the recently affected ear were 77.14 ± 27.12 dB before treatment and 68.84 ± 22.32 dB after treatment, the improvement rate was 28.57 %. No improvement was found in the contralateral ears. In unilateral SSNHL, the average age was 42.47 ± 14.18 years. The onset of treatment was 18.08 ± 15.84 days. The improvement rate was 57.63 %, which was much higher than that of successive BSSNHL. There was no difference in age and time of onset of treatment between successive BSSNHL and unilateral SSNHL (p > 0.05). Successive BSSNHL is rare, the hearing impairment is severe, and the outcome of treatment is poorer. It may have a completely different profile compared with the simultaneous BSSNHL and unilateral SSNHL.

Application of the Mimic Valsalva Maneuver with the Help of a Saccule in Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea Reconstruction Surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mimic Valsalva maneuver with the help of a saccule handled by an anesthesiologist in order to locate the leakage channel and repair the fistula during intranasal endoscopic reconstruction surgery of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. METHODS: From 2012 to 2014, 8 patients were diagnosed with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea by medical histories, physical and biochemical examination. All patients were treated with intranasal endoscopic reconstruction surgery of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. During the surgery, the mimic Valsalva maneuver with the help of a saccule was carried out once or twice by an anesthetist during the operation. Intranasal endoscopy was used to accurately locate the leakage site as shown by the exact fistula. Temporal fascia, fascia lata, middle turbinate mucosa and nasal septum mucosa were all used to repair the fistula. RESULTS: After the surrounding mucosa was removed, the exact leakage sites were accurately found. Fascia materials were used in all 8 patients. All patients were successfully treated after their first operation, and 1 patient was successfully treated by two operations with no complications and recurrences. All the patients were followed up for 1 month to 2 years. CONCLUSION: The convenient method of the mimic Valsalva maneuver with the help of a saccule handled by an anesthesiologist has a good prospect in cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea reconstruction surgery.

Artesunate inhibits macrophage-like phenotype switching of vascular smooth muscle cells and attenuates vascular inflammatory injury in atherosclerosis via NLRP3.

Inflammation is one of the main pathogenic factors of atherosclerosis (AS), and the phenotypic transformation of macrophages in human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs) contributes to the inflammatory injury of blood vessels and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Artesunate reportedly exerts anti-inflammatory activity against AS. Herein, we aimed to explore the artesunate-mediated anti-inflammatory and HVSMC phenotypic switch effects against AS and elucidate potential underlying mechanisms. In vitro, artesunate decreased expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and interleukin (IL)- 1ß. Artesunate significantly inhibited low-density lipoprotein (LDL) expression in HVSMCs and macrophages. In vivo, artesunate reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE-/- mice, as well as decreased NLRP3 and CD68 expression in atherosclerotic plaques. Artesunate decreased serum levels of triglycerides and increased high-density lipoprotein levels in HFD-med mice; however, serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL were unaltered. Treatment with artesunate substantially increased α-smooth muscle actin expression in aortic tissues while inhibiting expression levels of NLRP3, IL-1ß, heparinase, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). Collectively, our findings suggest that artesunate-mediated effects may involve inhibition of the ERK1/2/NF-κB/IL-1ß pathway in HVSMCs via the downregulation of NLRP3 expression. Thus, artesunate could serve as a novel strategy to treat AS by inhibiting AS plaque formation and suppressing macrophage-like phenotype switching of HVSMCs.

A comprehensive exploration of twist1 to identify a biomarker for tumor immunity and prognosis in pan-cancer.

Twist1 has been identified as a critical gene in tumor, but current study of this gene remains limitative. This study aims to investigate its roles and potential mechanisms across pan-cancer. The study used various databases and computational techniques to analyze twist's RNA expression, clinical data, gene mutations, tumor stemness, tumor microenvironment, immune regulation. Furthermore, the experimental method of fluorescence staining was carried out to identify twist1 expression in various tumor masses. After analyzing the protein-protein interaction of TWIST, enrichment analysis and predictive potential drugs were performed, and molecular docking was conducted to validate. We found that twist1 expression was significantly higher in various types of cancer and associated with tumor stage, grade, and poor prognosis in multiple cancers. Differential expression of twist1 was linked to gene mutation, RNA modifications, and tumor stemness. Additionally, twist1 expression was positively associated with tumor immunoregulation and immune checkpoint. Salinomycin, klugline, isocephaelince, manassantin B, and pimonidazole are predictive potential drugs targeting TWIST1. This study revealed that twist1 plays an important role in tumor, and might be a curial marker in tumor diagnose and prognosis. The study also highlighted twist1 as a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment and provided a foundation for future research.

A Rare Case of Pleomorphic Adenoma in the Internal Auditory Canal.

Pleomorphic adenoma is a common tumor of the salivary gland tumor, but it is rare in the ear. To the authors' knowledge, this patient is the first reported case of pleomorphic adenoma arising in the internal auditory canal. There have been few documents reporting the manifestations and the therapy strategy of this disease. This study clearly demonstrated the experience in treating pleomorphic adenoma, including the characteristics of the clinical manifestation, the key procedures of surgery, and key points of the diagnosis. The translabyrinthine approach under the microscope performed to remove this tumor is a good option for resecting this type of tumor.