Non-iterative phase hologram generation for color holographic display.

The major challenges in traditional color phase hologram generation are the time-consuming iterative procedure and aberration caused by different wavelengths in color holographic display. Based on the original non-iterative phase hologram generation method-optimized random phase (ORAP), combined with the physical limitations of color holographic display, this paper proposes a full-support optimized random phase (FS-ORAP) method for non-iterative color phase hologram generation. FS-ORAP breaks through the limitation of the original ORAP method in the fixed support constraint of the target amplitude in the spatial domain, the full support constraint can be used to generate phase holograms of target amplitudes with arbitrary support size, which fits well with the generation mode of the three-color channel of the color phase hologram. In addition, the color aberration of the reconstructed image is eliminated by scaling the size of the three-color component. At the same time, FS-ORAP is used for the non-iterative fast generation of three-color channel holograms, which can greatly improve the generation speed of color phase holograms and can be adapted to various color holographic display techniques. Experimental results verify the feasibility of our proposed method.

Generation of non-iterative phase-only hologram based on a hybrid phase mask.

The random phase method and quadratic phase method are most widely used in the generation of non-iterative phase holograms. However, the former leads to the reconstruction being severely disturbed by speckle noise, with serious loss of detailed information, and the latter leads to the reconstruction being contaminated with ringing artifacts. To solve these problems, we present a novel, to the best of our knowledge, method capable of generating non-iterative phase holograms, hereafter referred to as hybrid-phase-only holograms (HPOHs). Our proposal is to use a weight factor to combine the random phase and quadratic phase to generate a hybrid phase mask. The hybrid phase mask is then superimposed on the target image to obtain a complex hologram by simple Fourier transform. Followed by retaining the phase of the complex hologram, we can generate the corresponding HPOH. The effects of different weight factors on the holographic reconstructions are discussed. Numerical simulations of reconstruction quality associated with the proposed method, random phase method, and quadratic phase method are presented for comparison purposes. Optical experiments based on liquid crystal on silicon also demonstrate the validity of the method.

Non-iterative phase hologram generation with adaptive weighted constraints for color holographic display.

To provide better reconstruction quality, it takes more time for iterative algorithms, especially when multiple holograms need to be computed. A non-iterative method for calculating a phase hologram with adaptive weighted constraints is proposed, which iteratively calculates the optimized phase with a rectangular aperture as the amplitude and multiplies the initial quadratic phase as the initial complex amplitude. Subtraction feedback is introduced to improve the visual effect and avoid the overcompensation problem of division feedback. The proposed method is suitable for generating non-iterative phase holograms with different sizes, and it can further be applied to the calculation of color holograms. It improves computational speed under the premise of ensuring reconstruction quality and can adapt to the needs of different systems with different sizes or different location requirements for holographic reconstruction. Optical experiments also demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.

Robust 3D phase retrieval via compressed support detection from snapshot diffraction pattern.

Traditional multislice iterative phase retrieval (MIPR) from snapshot two-dimensional measurements suffers from the two limitations of pre-defined support and iterative stagnation. To eliminate the requirements for priori knowledge of support masks, this paper proposes a multislice iterative phase retrieval algorithm based on compressed support detection and hybrid input-output algorithm (CSD-MIPR-HIO). The CSD-MIPR-HIO algorithm firstly uses compressed support detection to adaptively detect the support masks of each plane from single 2D diffraction intensity, and then uses a hybrid input-output (HIO) iterative algorithm for MIPR. The proposed method breaks the limitations of traditional MIPR algorithms on priori knowledge of support masks and achieve high-quality reconstruction in noisy environments. Numerical and optical experiments confirm the feasibility, superiority, and robustness of our proposed CSD-MIPR-HIO method.

CYP2E1 mediated advanced oxidation protein products exacerbate acetaminophen induced drug-derived liver injury in vitro and in vivo.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is prevalent in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are markers of CKD progression and participate in the occurrence and development of liver diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of DILI in CKD have not been established. Herein, we demonstrate the involvement of Cytochrome p450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in DILI induced by AOPPs is exacerbated by exposure to acetaminophen (APAP). We used a adenine-induced CKD model, a model of DILI induced by APAP, and the AOPPs model was generated by intraperitoneal injection. The decline in renal function was associated with a significantly increased concentration of Scr, BUN and AOPPs, and renal tissue fibrosis. The ALT, AST, and AOPPs levels and liver tissue necrosis increased significantly in CKD model group compared with the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCNa) group. In the AOPPs model, compared to the PBS controls, ALT, AST, and AOPP levels, and liver tissue necrosis increased significantly. In HepG2 or L0-2 cell lines, cell survival was significantly reduced in the AOPP + APAP treatment and CYP2E1 protein expression was increased. FPS-ZM1 or NAC attenuated the hepatocyte toxicity induced by AOPP + APAP and suppression of CYP2E1 expression. AOPPs exacerbated APAP-induced DILI through CYP2E1 signaling pathways. Protein uremic toxins, such as AOPPs, can modify drug toxicity in patients with CKD. This study provides new a rationale to reduce the generation of DILIs in clinical treatment in patients with CKD. AOPPs targeting may present a novel approach to reduce the occurrence of DILI.

Huang Gan Formula Alleviates Systemic Inflammation and Uremia in Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Rats May Associate with Modification of Gut Microbiota and Colonic Microenvironment.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects of Huang Gan formula (HGF), a Chinese herbal prescription used for chronic kidney disease (CKD), on the regulation of the gut microbiota and colonic microenvironment of CKD. Methods: CKD rats were induced by 150 mg/kg adenine gavage for 4 weeks, then orally treated with or without 3.6 g/kg or 7.2 g/kg of HGF for 8 weeks. The renal function and structure were analyzed by biochemical detection, hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, Sirius red and immunochemical staining. Average fecal weight and number in the colon were recorded to assess colonic motility. Further, the changes in the gut microbiota and colonic microenvironment were evaluated by 16S rRNA sequencing, RT-PCR or immunofluorescence. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, uremic toxins, and NF-κB signaling pathway were detected by RT-PCR, ELISA, chloramine-T method or Western blotting. Redundancy analysis biplot and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used for correlation analysis. Results: HGF significantly improved renal function and pathological injuries of CKD. HGF could improve gut microbial dysbiosis, protect colonic barrier and promote motility of colonic lumens. Further, HGF inhibited systemic inflammation through a reduction of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß, TGF-ß1, and a suppression of NF-κB signaling pathway. The serum levels of the selected uremic toxins were also reduced by HGF treatment. Spearman correlation analysis suggested that high-dose HGF inhibited the overgrowth of bacteria that were positively correlated with inflammatory factors (eg, TNF-α) and uremic toxins (eg, indoxyl sulfate), whereas it promoted the proliferation of bacteria belonging to beneficial microbial groups and was positively correlated with the level of IL-10. Conclusion: Our results suggest that HGF can improve adenine-induced CKD via suppressing systemic inflammation and uremia, which may associate with the regulations of the gut microbiota and colonic microenvironment.

Reproductive traits of Glenea cantor (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae).

Glenea cantor (F.) is a cerambycid species that attacks living trees of at least seven plant families in Asia, and has the potential to become an invasive pest. Here we investigated its reproductive biology in the laboratory to provide vital information for the development of pest control measures and preparation of pest risk analysis. Both sexes required a period of maturation feeding before mating, with the mean premating period of males (5.87 +/- 1.68 d) being significantly longer than that of females (4.59 +/- 2.34 d). This was a synovigenic species with the mean preoviposition and oviposition period being 13.50 +/- 3.15 d and 49.46 +/- 16.16 d, respectively. If no food was available after emergence, adult males died before reaching sexual maturation and females vanished before oviposition. Paired couples mated an average of 15.12 +/- 7.02 times; 28- to 53-d-old beetles mated significantly more frequently than younger and older ones. The mean fecundity was 133.24 +/- 9.67 eggs. The oviposition rate significantly increased in the first 5 wk of the oviposition period, peaking when females were 40- to 54-d-old, and then significantly decreased in the following weeks. Reproductive activities occurred almost exclusively during the day, with most ovipositions taking place in the morning and matings in the afternoon with some overlaps.

1,1'-[(Ethane-1,2-diyldioxy)di-o-phenylene]bis(indoline-2,3-dione) (L) and a novel [Ag2L2]2+ metallocycle based on coordination-driven Ag-O and Ag-π bonds.

1,1'-[(Ethane-1,2-diyldioxy)di-o-phenylene]bis(indoline-2,3-dione), C(32)H(24)N(2)O(6), L or (I), adopts a trans conformation with the two terminal indoline-2,3-dione groups located on opposite sides of the central ether bridge, as required by a centre of inversion located at the mid-point of the ethane C-C bond. However, in the discrete binuclear Ag(I) metallocycle complex salt bis{µ-1,1'-[(ethane-1,2-diyldioxy)di-o-phenylene]bis(indoline-2,3-dione)}disilver(I) bis(hexafluoridoantimonate), [Ag(2)(C(32)H(24)N(2)O(6))(2)][SbF(6)](2), (II), synthesized by combination of L with AgSbF(6), L adopts a gauche conformation to bind Ag(I) via the two indolinedione O atoms and two C atoms from the phenoxy ring. One dione O atom from the opposite side of the ether bridge completes the irregular coordination environment of each Ag(I) atom. The complex is on a centre of inversion located between the Ag(I) atoms. In the solid state, these binuclear [Ag(2)L(2)](2+) metallocycles stack together via intermolecular π-π interactions to generate a one-dimensional chain motif, with the [SbF(6)](-) counter-ions, which are disordered, located between the chains.

[A 3-D image reconstruction algorithm based on helical CT raw data].

A CT 3-D image is reconstructed based on a lot of 2-D slice images. A new 3-D image reconstruction method, presented in this paper, is to use the helical scan continuity, sufficient condition of image reconstruction and the raw data from a few helical scan cycles to reconstruct,by a direct interpolation algorithm, 2-D images and then 3-D images.

A new genus, two new species and a new record of subfamily Cecidophyinae (Acari, Eriophyidae) from China.

A new genus and two new species belonging to subfamily Cecidophyinae, namely Kyllocarus reticulatusgen.n., sp. n. infesting Lithocarpus brevicaudatus (Skan) Hay. (Fagaceae) and Gammaphytoptus schimaesp. n.infesting Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. (Theaceae) are described and illustrated. Both new species are vagrants on their respective host plants. Cecidophyes digephyrusKeifer, 1966 is newly recorded for China.