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We compared the differences in cerebrovascular and cognitive function between 13 aerobic exercise trained, older adults and 13 age-, height- and sex-matched sedentary, untrained controls. We determined whether other measures accounted for differences in cerebrovascular and cognitive function between these groups and examined the associations between these functions. Participants undertook anthropometric, mood, cardiovascular, exercise performance, strength, cerebrovascular, and cognitive measurements, and a blood collection. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography determined cerebrovascular responsiveness (CVR) to hypercapnia and cognitive stimuli. The trained group had a higher CVR to hypercapnia (80.3 ± 7.2 vs 35.1 ± 6.7%, P < 0.001), CVR to cognitive stimuli (30.1 ± 2.9 vs 17.8 ± 1.4%, P = 0.001) and total composite cognitive score (117 ± 2 vs 98 ± 4, P < 0.001) than the controls. These parameters no longer remained statistically different between the groups following adjustments for covariates. There were positive correlations between the total composite cognitive score and CVR to hypercapnia (r = 0.474, P = 0.014) and CVR to cognitive stimuli (r = 0.685, P < 0.001). We observed a relationship between cerebrovascular and cognitive function in older adults and an interaction between regular lifelong aerobic exercise training and cardiometabolic factors that may directly influence these functions.
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Cognición , Hipercapnia , Humanos , Anciano , Ejercicio Físico , Circulación CerebrovascularRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Obesity accelerates age-related cognitive decline, which is partly mediated by vascular dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to test the hypothesis that supplementation with fish oil and curcumin can enhance cognitive performance by improving cerebral circulatory function in overweight or obese middle-aged to older adults. METHODS: In a 16-wk double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial, adults [50-80 y; BMI (kg/m2): 25-40] were randomly assigned to either fish oil (2000 mg/d DHA + 400 mg/d EPA), curcumin (160 mg/d), or a combination. Effects on cerebrovascular function (primary outcome) and cardiovascular risk factors were reported previously. Effects on cognitive performance and cerebrovascular responsiveness (CVR) to cognitive stimuli are reported herein. One-factor ANOVA with post hoc analyses was conducted between groups in the whole cohort and in males and females separately. Two-factor ANOVA was conducted to assess independent effects of fish oil and curcumin and a potential interaction. Correlations between outcomes (those obtained herein and previously reported) were also examined. RESULTS: Compared with placebo, fish oil improved CVR to a processing speed test (4.4% ± 1.9% vs. -2.2% ± 2.1%; P = 0.023) and processing speed in males only (Z-score: 0.6 ± 0.2 vs. 0.1 ± 0.2; P = 0.043). Changes in processing speed correlated inversely with changes in blood pressure (R = -0.243, P = 0.006) and C-reactive protein (R = -0.183, P = 0.046). Curcumin improved CVR in a working memory test (3.6% ± 1.2% vs. -0.2% ± 0.2%, P = 0.026) and, in males only, performance of a verbal memory test compared with placebo (Z-score: 0.2 ± 0.1 vs. -0.5 ± 0.2, P = 0.039). Combining fish oil with curcumin did not produce additional benefits. CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in processing speed following fish-oil supplementation in middle-aged to older males might be mediated by improvements in circulatory function. Mechanisms underlying the cognitive benefit seen with curcumin are unknown. As cognitive benefits were found in males only, further evaluation of sex differences in responsiveness to supplementation is warranted. This trial was registered at the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Register at https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=370788 as ACTRN12616000732482p.
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Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Curcumina/farmacología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Aceites de Pescado/farmacología , Sobrepeso/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Curcumina/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/química , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/farmacología , Método Doble Ciego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/química , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/farmacología , Femenino , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Aceites de Pescado/química , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic conditions such as obesity, which contribute to endothelial dysfunction in older adults, can cause impairments in cerebrovascular perfusion, which is associated with accelerated cognitive decline. Supplementing the diet with bioactive nutrients that can enhance endothelial function, such as fish oil or curcumin, may help to counteract cerebrovascular dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 16-week double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial was undertaken in 152 older sedentary overweight/obese adults (50-80 years, body mass index: 25-40 kg/m2) to investigate effects of fish oil (2000 mg docosahexaenoic acid + 400 mg eicosapentaenoic acid/day), curcumin (160 mg/day) or a combination of both on cerebrovascular function (measured by Transcranial Doppler ultrasound), systemic vascular function (blood pressure, heart rate and arterial compliance) and cardiometabolic (fasting glucose and blood lipids) and inflammatory (C-reactive protein) biomarkers. The primary outcome, cerebrovascular responsiveness to hypercapnia, was not affected by the interventions. However, cerebral artery stiffness was significantly reduced in males following fish oil supplementation (P = 0.007). Furthermore, fish oil reduced heart rate (P = 0.038) and serum triglycerides (P = 0.006) and increased HDL cholesterol (P = 0.002). Curcumin did not significantly affect these outcomes either alone or in combination with fish oil. CONCLUSION: Regular supplementation with fish oil but not curcumin improved biomarkers of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular function. The combined supplementation did not result in additional benefits. Further studies are warranted to identify an efficacious curcumin dose and to characterize (in terms of sex, BMI, cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors) populations whose cerebrovascular and cognitive functions might benefit from either intervention. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12616000732482p.
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Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Cardiovascular/efectos de los fármacos , Circulación Cerebrovascular/efectos de los fármacos , Curcumina/administración & dosificación , Suplementos Dietéticos , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Rigidez Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores/sangre , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Glucemia/metabolismo , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Sistema Cardiovascular/fisiopatología , Curcumina/efectos adversos , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversos , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/administración & dosificación , Método Doble Ciego , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Aceites de Pescado/efectos adversos , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nueva Gales del Sur , Obesidad/diagnóstico , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Cerebrovascular function and cognition decline with age and are further exacerbated by obesity and physical inactivity. This decline may be offset by aerobic exercise training (AT). We investigated the effects of 16 weeks AT on cerebrovascular and cognitive function in sedentary, obese, older adults. Twenty-eight participants were randomly allocated to AT or a control group. Before and after the intervention, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography was used to measure the cerebrovascular responsiveness (CVR) to physiological (hypercapnia, 5% carbon dioxide) and cognitive stimuli. AT increased the CVR to hypercapnia (98.5 ± 38.4% vs. 58.0 ± 42.0%, P = 0.021), CVR to cognitive stimuli (25.9 ± 6.1% vs. 16.4 ± 5.4%, P < 0.001) and total composite cognitive score (111 ± 14 vs. 104 ± 14, P = 0.004) compared with the control group. A very strong relationship was observed between the number of exercise sessions completed and CVR to cognitive stimuli (r = 0.878, P < 0.001), but not for CVR to hypercapnia (r = 0.246, P = 0.397) or total composite cognitive score (r = 0.213, P = 0.465). Cerebrovascular function and cognition improved following 16 weeks of AT and a dose-response relationship exists between the amount of exercise sessions performed and CVR to cognitive stimuli.
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Resveratrol, a vasoactive phytoestrogen, has beneficial effects on cerebrovascular function. Previous research has shown that hormonal migraineurs have poorer cerebrovascular function than non-migraineur women. We aimed to investigate if resveratrol supplementation for three months could reduce the hormonal migraine burden index (HMBI: the number of days with menstrual migraine per month), reduce migraine-related disability and improve migraine-related quality of life. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, intervention trial was conducted in 62 hormonal migraineurs (mean age: 37.5 ± 0.8 years). Participants consumed 75 mg of resveratrol or matching placebo capsules twice daily for three months before crossing over to the other treatment arm. Participants completed a daily diary and the Headache Impact Test-6™, Migraine Disability Assessment and Migraine-Specific Quality of Life questionnaires at months 0, 3 and 6. The HMBI was the primary outcome and was calculated using data extracted from the participant's diary. No differences in the HMBI (p = 0.895), the Headache Impact Test-6™, the Migraine Disability Assessment and Migraine-Specific Quality of Life were found between the resveratrol and placebo treatments. Resveratrol supplementation for three months did not affect the HMBI, the migraine-related disability or quality of life measures in our cohort of hormonal migraineurs.
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Trastornos Migrañosos , Calidad de Vida , Adulto , Estudios Cruzados , Suplementos Dietéticos , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Cefalea , Humanos , Trastornos Migrañosos/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Migrañosos/prevención & control , Resveratrol/uso terapéutico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Background: Migraineurs, particularly young premenopausal women, are at increased risk of cerebrovascular disease; however, there is currently limited evidence as to whether hormonal migraine is associated with poor cerebrovascular function. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to: (1) investigate the potential association of cerebrovascular function with hormonal migraine and (2) determine whether abnormalities of cerebrovascular function in hormonal migraineurs are associated with migraine-related disability and/or quality of life. Method: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in 50 hormonal migraineurs (mean age: 38.7 ± 1.2 years) and 29 controls (mean age: 35.6 ± 1.8 years). Data were collected at a single point in time from all participants during the inter-ictal period when they were free from migraine and not menstruating. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to measure resting blood flow velocity and cerebrovascular responsiveness (CVR) to hypercapnia and cognitive stimulation (neurovascular coupling) in the left and right middle cerebral artery (MCA). Additionally, hormonal migraineurs completed three questionnaires to assess migraine-related disability and quality of life as well as migraine frequency and intensity: Headache Impact Test-6™, Migraine-Specific Quality of Life and Migraine Disability Assessment. Results: Hormonal migraineurs had lower resting mean blood flow velocity (MBFV) (P = 0.009) and neurovascular coupling during cognitive stimulation (P = 0.010) in the left MCA than controls. No such differences were found in the right MCA. Additionally, heart rate (P = 0.004) was higher in hormonal migraineurs than controls. However, no differences in CVR to hypercapnia were found between hormonal migraineurs and controls. Multi-variate analysis revealed age to be a significant (P = 0.012) predictor of MBFV in the left MCA. Negative correlations between headache frequency and CVR to hypercapnia in the left (P = 0.026) and right MCA (P = 0.044) were found. Additionally, negative correlations between neurovascular coupling during the 2-Back 1.5 s task in the right MCA and the MSQoL emotional (P = 0.013) and role-function restrictive (P = 0.039) domains were found. Conclusions: This is the first study to show that hormonal migraineurs have poorer cerebrovascular function, as represented by lower resting MBFV and impaired neurovascular coupling in the left MCA. Future studies should investigate whether improving cerebrovascular function can prevent hormonal migraine and improve quality of life. Clinical Trial Registration: ACTRN12618001230246.
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Deficits in the cerebral microcirculation contribute to age-related cognitive decline. In a pilot study of postmenopausal women, we found that supplementation with a low dose of resveratrol, a phytoestrogen, for 14 weeks improved cerebrovascular and cognitive functions. We have since undertaken a larger, longer term study to confirm these benefits. Postmenopausal women aged 45-85 years (n = 129) were randomized to take placebo or 75 mg trans-resveratrol twice daily for 12 months. Effects on cognition, cerebral blood flow, cerebrovascular responsiveness (CVR) and cardiometabolic markers (blood pressure, diabetes markers and fasting lipids) were assessed. Compared to placebo, resveratrol improved overall cognitive performance (P < 0.001) and attenuated the decline in CVR to cognitive stimuli (P = 0.038). The latter effect was associated with reduction of fasting blood glucose (r = -0.339, P = 0.023). This long-term study confirms that regular consumption of resveratrol can enhance cognitive and cerebrovascular functions in postmenopausal women, with the potential to slow cognitive decline due to ageing and menopause.
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Circulación Cerebrovascular/efectos de los fármacos , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Posmenopausia , Resveratrol/farmacología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores , Velocidad del Flujo Sanguíneo/efectos de los fármacos , Presión Sanguínea , Encéfalo/irrigación sanguínea , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Círculo Arterial Cerebral/efectos de los fármacos , Ecocardiografía Doppler , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Curcumin has previously been shown to enhance mood in non-depressed older adults. However, observed benefits were limited to short-term supplementation (4 weeks). In a 16 week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial design trial, we supplemented overweight or obese non-depressed adults (50-80 years) with curcumin (160 mg/day), fish oil (2000 mg docosahexaenoic acid +400 mg eicosapentaenoic acid/day), or a combination of both. Secondary outcomes included mental wellbeing measures (mood states and subjective memory complaints (SMCs)) and quality of life (QoL). Furthermore, plasma apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) was measured to determine whether APOE4 status influences responses to fish oil. Curcumin improved vigour (p = 0.044) compared to placebo and reduced SMCs compared to no curcumin treatment (p = 0.038). Fish oil did not affect any mood states, SMCs or QoL; however, responses to fish oil were affected by APOE4 status. In APOE4 non-carriers, fish oil increased vigour (p = 0.030) and reduced total mood disturbances (p = 0.048) compared to placebo. Improvements in mental wellbeing were correlated with increased QoL. Combining curcumin with fish oil did not result in additive effects. This exploratory analysis indicates that regular supplementation with either curcumin or fish oil (limited to APOE4 non-carriers) has the potential to improve some aspects of mental wellbeing in association with better QoL.
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Afecto/efectos de los fármacos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Anciano , Apolipoproteína E4/sangre , Curcumina , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/administración & dosificación , Método Doble Ciego , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Memoria/efectos de los fármacos , Salud Mental , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nueva Gales del Sur , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: OA is a leading cause of chronic pain and disability. Next to inflammation, vascular pathology has been hypothesized to play a role in its aetiology and progression. Owing to side effects and the low efficacy of pharmacological treatments, dietary supplements are popular as alternative treatments, but evidence of efficacy is limited. We tested whether fish oil and curcumin supplementation can reduce chronic pain and OA burden in older adults. METHODS: A 16-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial design supplementation trial with fish oil (2000 mg/day docosahexaenoic acid + 400 mg/day eicosapentaenoic acid), curcumin (160 mg/day) or a combination of both was undertaken in sedentary overweight/obese older adults. Secondary outcomes included treatment-induced changes in self-reported chronic pain and OA burden and whether changes were related to changes in small artery elasticity (surrogate marker for microvascular function), CRP (inflammatory marker) and well-being. RESULTS: The majority of participants (131 of 152) reported chronic pain, which was predominantly OA specific. Fish oil significantly reduced OA-specific pain (P = 0.002, Cohen's d = 0.56) and burden (P = 0.015, Cohen's d = 0.45) compared with no fish oil treatment; reductions were correlated with improvements in microvascular function and well-being. Curcumin, alone or in combination with fish oil, did not reduce pain measures. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate potential for fish oil to alleviate OA pain and burden in overweight/obese older adults. Further investigations should be undertaken in patients with clinically diagnosed OA to evaluate fish oil alone and as an adjunct to conventional pharmacotherapy and to investigate underlying mechanisms. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=370788, ACTRN12616000732482p.
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OBJECTIVE: Following concerns about hormone therapy, postmenopausal women need alternative options to manage menopause-related symptoms and improve their well-being. A 14-week pilot study has shown that supplementation with resveratrol, a phytoestrogen with circulatory benefits, can improve aspects of well-being including chronic pain, which is a common complaint in postmenopausal women. We aimed to confirm these benefits in a larger, long-term study. METHODS: The Resveratrol for Healthy Ageing in Women study, a 24-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover intervention trial of resveratrol supplementation (75âmg BID) was conducted in 125 healthy postmenopausal women to evaluate effects on cognitive performance (results published elsewhere). Aspects of well-being including pain perception, mood and depressive symptoms, menopausal symptoms, sleep quality, and quality of life were assessed with questionnaires as secondary outcomes of the study. Cerebrovascular responsiveness to hypercapnia was measured as a surrogate marker of cerebrovascular function. RESULTS: Resveratrol supplementation reduced composite pain score (Pâ<â0.001), especially in overweight individuals; this was associated with improvements in cerebrovascular responsiveness to hypercapnia (Râ=â-0.329, Pâ=â0.014). Somatic menopausal symptoms (Pâ=â0.024) and general well-being (Pâ=â0.010) were also improved after resveratrol supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the pilot study finding that resveratrol supplementation can reduce chronic pain in age-related osteoarthritis and improve menopause-related quality of life in postmenopausal women. These improvements are sustained by supplementation for at least 12 months and are associated with enhancement of circulatory function. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12616000679482p.
Video Summary:http://links.lww.com/MENO/A638.
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Posmenopausia , Calidad de Vida , Estudios Cruzados , Suplementos Dietéticos , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Menopausia , Percepción del Dolor , Proyectos Piloto , ResveratrolRESUMEN
The authors wish to make a correction to the published version of their paper [...].
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Pre-clinical data and human trials indicate that resveratrol supplementation may help to counteract diabetes. Several mechanisms of action have been proposed to explain its metabolic benefits, including activation of sirtuins and estrogen receptors (ER) to promote glucose transporter type-4 (GLUT4) translocation and increase glucose uptake. Resveratrol can also enhance vasodilator function, yet the possibility that this action might help to alleviate insulin resistance in type-2 diabetes mellitus has received little attention. In this brief review we propose that, by restoring impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in insulin resistant individuals resveratrol increases blood perfusion of skeletal muscle, thereby facilitating glucose delivery and utilization with resultant improvement of insulin sensitivity. Thus, circulatory improvements by vasoactive nutrients such as resveratrol may play a role in preventing or alleviating insulin resistance.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Resistencia a la Insulina , Músculo Esquelético/irrigación sanguínea , Resveratrol/uso terapéutico , Vasodilatación/efectos de los fármacos , Vasodilatadores/uso terapéutico , Animales , Biomarcadores/sangre , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatología , Humanos , Insulina/sangre , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Flujo Sanguíneo RegionalRESUMEN
Purported benefits of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCn-3PUFA) for brain function may be attributable, at least in part, to improved cerebral perfusion. A pilot randomised controlled trial was undertaken to investigate effects of taking a DHA-rich fish oil supplement for 20 weeks on cerebrovascular function, mood and cognitive performance. Borderline hypertensives aged 40â»85 years with low habitual LCn-3PUFA intake took four capsules/day of EPAX (1600 mg DHA + 400 mg EPA) or placebo (corn oil). Cerebrovascular function was assessed at baseline and after 20 weeks in 38 completers (19 on each supplement) using transcranial Doppler ultrasound of blood flow in the middle cerebral artery at rest and whilst performing a battery of cognitive tasks (neurovascular coupling). The primary outcome, cerebrovascular responsiveness (CVR) to hypercapnia, increased 26% (p = 0.024) in women; there was no change in men. In contrast, neurovascular coupling increased significantly (p = 0.01 for the overall response) in men only; the latter correlated with an increase of EPA in erythrocytes (r = 0.616, p = 0.002). There was no associated improvement of mood or cognition in either men or women. These preliminary observations indicate that LCn-3PUFA supplementation has the potential to enhance blood flow in the brain in response to both hypercapnic and cognitive stimuli. Future studies should examine differential effects of EPA and DHA and take account of the gender differences in responsiveness to supplementation.
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Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/administración & dosificación , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Hipertensión/psicología , Adulto , Afecto/efectos de los fármacos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Circulación Cerebrovascular/efectos de los fármacos , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Our aim was to assess cerebral blood flow changes during cybersickness. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were used separately in two independent experiments. In both studies, a 15-min virtual roller coaster ride was used as a provocative visual stimulus. Subjective nausea ratings were obtained at 1â¯min intervals. The TCD study was performed in 14 healthy subjects (8 males and 6 females); in this study we also measured heart rate and arterial pressure. In a separate study a 52-channel NIRS device (Hitachi ETG-4000) was used to monitor activated brain regions by measuring oxy-hemoglobin (HbO2) concentration in 9 healthy subjects (4 male, 5 females). The TCD study results showed a significant increase in systolic (+3.8⯱â¯1.8â¯mmâ¯Hg) and diastolic (+6.7⯱â¯1.3â¯mmâ¯Hg) pressure at the end of the virtual ride (maximum nausea) compared to baseline (no nausea). We also found that middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) systolic flow velocity decreased significantly at the end of the ride when compared to baseline values. Likewise, the relative systolic and diastolic conductance in the MCA decreased significantly (-0.03⯱â¯0.02â¯cmâ¯×â¯s-1â¯×â¯mmâ¯Hg-1, t, pâ¯=â¯0.0058 and -0.03⯱â¯0.01â¯cmâ¯×â¯s-1â¯×â¯mmâ¯Hg-1, pâ¯=â¯0.05, respectively) at maximum nausea when compared to no nausea. Additionally, there was a significant decrease (-0.02⯱â¯0.01â¯cmâ¯×â¯s-1â¯×â¯mmâ¯Hg-1, pâ¯=â¯0.03) in the relative systolic conductance in the PCA at the end of the ride. Analysis of the NIRS results showed a significant increase in HbO2 concentration in 15/52 channels in parieto-temporal regions of both hemispheres in participants who experienced motion sickness symptoms during the experiment. This increase in HbO2 concentration correlated with increasing nausea and motion sickness symptoms. We conclude that cybersickness causes complex changes in cerebral blood flow, with an increase in perfusion in some cortical regions, but with a decrease of global cerebral perfusion.
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Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Hemodinámica/fisiología , Mareo por Movimiento/fisiopatología , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta , Ultrasonografía Doppler Transcraneal , Interfaz Usuario-Computador , Adulto , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Circulación Cerebrovascular/fisiología , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Humanos , Masculino , Oxihemoglobinas/metabolismo , Proyectos PilotoRESUMEN
We tested whether chronic supplementation with resveratrol (a phytoestrogen) could improve cerebrovascular function, cognition and mood in post-menopausal women. Eighty post-menopausal women aged 45-85 years were randomised to take trans-resveratrol or placebo for 14 weeks and the effects on cognitive performance, cerebral blood flow velocity and pulsatility index (a measure of arterial stiffness) in the middle cerebral artery (using transcranial Doppler ultrasound), and cerebrovascular responsiveness (CVR) to both cognitive testing and hypercapnia were assessed. Mood questionnaires were also administered. Compared to placebo, resveratrol elicited 17% increases in CVR to both hypercapnic (p = 0.010) and cognitive stimuli (p = 0.002). Significant improvements were observed in the performance of cognitive tasks in the domain of verbal memory (p = 0.041) and in overall cognitive performance (p = 0.020), which correlated with the increase in CVR (r = 0.327; p = 0.048). Mood tended to improve in multiple measures, although not significantly. These results indicate that regular consumption of a modest dose of resveratrol can enhance both cerebrovascular function and cognition in post-menopausal women, potentially reducing their heightened risk of accelerated cognitive decline and offering a promising therapeutic treatment for menopause-related cognitive decline.
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Afecto/efectos de los fármacos , Circulación Cerebrovascular/efectos de los fármacos , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Posmenopausia/sangre , Estilbenos/administración & dosificación , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Suplementos Dietéticos , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fitoestrógenos/farmacología , Resveratrol , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3 PUFA) may improve brain functions by acting on endothelial cells in the cerebrovasculature to facilitate vasodilatation and perfusion. The aim of this review is to explore this hypothesis by analyzing the effect of LCn-3 PUFA supplementation on systemic vasodilator and cognitive function and finding evidence to link LCn-3 PUFA intake, vasodilator function and cognition. Forty randomized controlled trials examining the effect of LCn-3 PUFA supplementation in humans on either endothelial vasodilator function or cognition were identified and pooled effects measured with a weighted analysis. Compared to placebo, LCn-3 PUFA tended to increase flow-mediated dilatation and significantly improved cognitive function. Emerging evidence links vasodilator dysfunction to cognitive impairment, but evidence that LCn-3 PUFA can improve cognition through enhancements of vasodilator function is still lacking. Further research is needed to determine: (1) whether LCn-3 PUFA can enhance dilatation of cerebral vessels; (2) if improvements in cerebrovascular responsiveness by LCn-3 PUFA are accompanied by cognitive benefits; and (3) the target population groups.
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Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Endotelio Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/administración & dosificación , Circulación Cerebrovascular/efectos de los fármacos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Endotelio Vascular/metabolismo , Humanos , Estudios Observacionales como Asunto , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Vasodilatadores/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Pain is a common complaint among postmenopausal women. It has been postulated that vascular dysfunction caused by estrogen decline at menopause plays a key role in the initiation and progression of degradative joint disease, namely age-related osteoarthritis. We evaluated whether supplementation with resveratrol, a phytoestrogen, could improve aspects of well-being such as chronic pain that is commonly experienced by postmenopausal women. METHODS: A 14-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention with trans-resveratrol (75âmg, twice daily) was conducted in 80 healthy postmenopausal women. Aspects of well-being, including pain, menopausal symptoms, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, mood states, and quality of life were assessed by Short form-36 at baseline and at the end of treatment. Rating scales were averaged to provide a composite score representing overall well-being. Cerebral vasodilator responsiveness to hypercapnia was also assessed as a surrogate marker for cerebrovascular function. RESULTS: Compared with placebo treatment, there was a significant reduction in pain and an improvement in total well-being after resveratrol supplementation. Both benefits, including measures of quality of life, correlated with improvements in cerebrovascular function. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary findings indicate potential for resveratrol treatment to reduce chronic pain in age-related osteoarthritis. Resveratrol consumption may also boost perceptions of well-being in postmenopausal women. Further investigation to elucidate underlying mechanisms is warranted.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Osteoartritis , Dolor/prevención & control , Posmenopausia , Estilbenos/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/administración & dosificación , Suplementos Dietéticos , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del Dolor , Fitoestrógenos/administración & dosificación , Fitoestrógenos/uso terapéutico , Resveratrol , Estilbenos/administración & dosificación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Poor cerebral perfusion may contribute to cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We conducted a randomized controlled trial to test the hypothesis that resveratrol can enhance cerebral vasodilator function and thereby alleviate the cognitive deficits in T2DM. We have already reported that acute resveratrol consumption improved cerebrovascular responsiveness (CVR) to hypercapnia. We now report the effects of resveratrol on neurovascular coupling capacity (CVR to cognitive stimuli), cognitive performance and correlations with plasma resveratrol concentrations. METHODS: Thirty-six T2DM adults aged 40-80 years were randomized to consume single doses of resveratrol (0, 75, 150 and 300 mg) at weekly intervals. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to monitor changes in blood flow velocity (BFV) during a cognitive test battery. The battery consisted of dual-tasking (finger tapping with both Trail Making task and Serial Subtraction 3 task) and a computerized multi-tasking test that required attending to four tasks simultaneously. CVR to cognitive tasks was calculated as the per cent increase in BFV from pre-test basal to peak mean blood flow velocity and also as the area under the curve for BFV. RESULTS: Compared to placebo, 75 mg resveratrol significantly improved neurovascular coupling capacity, which correlated with plasma total resveratrol levels. Enhanced performance on the multi-tasking test battery was also evident following 75 mg and 300 mg of resveratrol. CONCLUSION: a single 75 mg dose of resveratrol was able to improve neurovascular coupling and cognitive performance in T2DM. Evaluation of benefits of chronic resveratrol supplementation is now warranted.
Asunto(s)
Arterias Cerebrales/efectos de los fármacos , Circulación Cerebrovascular/efectos de los fármacos , Trastornos del Conocimiento/prevención & control , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Acoplamiento Neurovascular/efectos de los fármacos , Estilbenos/administración & dosificación , Vasodilatación/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Atención , Velocidad del Flujo Sanguíneo , Arterias Cerebrales/fisiopatología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/etiología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/fisiopatología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/psicología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nueva Gales del Sur , Resveratrol , Estilbenos/efectos adversos , Factores de Tiempo , Prueba de Secuencia Alfanumérica , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ultrasonografía Doppler TranscranealRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Impairment of cerebrovascular function becomes evident after menopause. No study has yet explored relationships between deficits in cerebrovascular function, cognitive performance, and mood in postmenopausal women. METHOD: Cerebrovascular function was assessed in 80 healthy postmenopausal women by monitoring blood flow velocity (BFV) in the middle and posterior cerebral arteries using transcranial Doppler ultrasound at rest, following a hypercapnic challenge, and during performance of a cognitive test battery; the latter assessed domains of memory and executive functions. Various measures of mood (i.e., Profile of Mood States and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) were also assessed. RESULTS: Cerebral artery elasticity and BFV responsiveness to cognitive tests (neurovascular coupling) correlated with cognitive performance but not with depressive symptoms or mood states. Mood deficits were related to poor cognitive performance. CONCLUSION: These results highlight the importance of adequate cerebral perfusion for optimized cognitive function in healthy postmenopausal women. Preventative strategies to attenuate accelerated cognitive decline should also consider restoring cerebrovascular function.