New stress-induced hyperglycaemia markers predict prognosis in patients after mechanical thrombectomy.

OBJECTIVE: Stress-induced hyperglycaemia (SIH) is a frequent phenomenon that occurs in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SIH and the prognosis of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) patients according to the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and glycaemic gap (GG) indicators, as well as explore its relationship with haemorrhagic transformation (HT). METHODS: Patients were enrolled from January 2019 to September 2021 in our centre. SHR was calculated as fasting blood glucose divided by the A1c-derived average glucose (ADAG). GG was calculated as fasting blood glucose minus ADAG. Logistic regression was used to analyse SHR, GG with outcome and HT. RESULTS: A total of 423 patients were enrolled in the study. The incidence of SIH was as follows: 191/423 of patients with SHR > 0.89, 169/423 of patients with GG > -0.53. SHR > 0.89 (OR: 2.247, 95% CI: 1.344-3.756, P = 0.002) and GG>-0.53 (OR: 2.305, 95% CI: 1.370-3.879, P = 0.002) were both associated with poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale > 2) at Day 90 and an increase risk of HT. Additionlly, receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the predictive performance of the SHR and GG on outcomes. The area under the curve for SHR to predict poor outcomes was 0.691, with an optimal cut-off value of 0.89. The area under the curve for GG was 0.682, with an optimal cut-off value of -0.53. CONCLUSION: High SHR and high GG are strongly associated with poor 90-day prognosis in MT patients and an increased risk of HT.

The relationship between occlusion patterns and outcomes after thrombectomy in patients with acute internal carotid artery occlusion.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES: Ischemic stroke caused by acute internal carotid artery occlusions (AICO) is usually associated with high disability and mortality. We aimed to investigate whether occlusion patterns significantly influence clinical outcome in patients receiving endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of databases from two comprehensive stroke centers and consecutively investigated patients who had underwent EVT. AICO was defined as acute internal carotid artery occlusions (cervical segment to terminal segment). The clinical characteristics, intervention parameters, and prognosis data were collected. Leptomeningeal collaterals (LMC) were assessed with the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology scale (ASITN/SIRs), graded on a 5-point scale. The occlusion patterns based on Willisian collaterals were categorized into I-type, L-type, and T-type by contralateral carotid artery injections at digital subtraction angiography. Multivariate regression models were applied to evaluate the relationship between occlusion patterns and the prognosis of patients at 90 days after stroke. RESULTS: A total of 213 patients were included in the study. Of those,142 (66.7%) achieved successful reperfusion and 64 (30.0%) achieved favorable outcomes at 90 days. Overall, 26 (12.2%), 117 (54.9%), and 70 (32.9%) cases respectively suffered from I-type, L-type, and T-type occlusion. In addition, patients with I-type occlusions had a higher percentage of complete LMC compared with L-type or T-type occlusions (88.5% versus 30.8% versus 27.1%, P< 0.0167). In multivariable logistic regression, we found T-type occlusion was no longer an independent predictor of poor functional outcomes in AICO after adjusting LMC (T versus I, OR, 2.555, 95%CI: 0.717-9.103, P = 0.148; L versus I, OR, 0.815, 95%CI: 0.258-2.574, P = 0.727). CONCLUSIONS: For ACIO, occlusion patterns are still a topic that needs attention. Furthermore, compensatory LMC may affect the association between occlusion patterns and functional prognosis in AICO. Occlusion patterns and LMC status distinguish the nature and impact of AICO on expected EVT and subsequent clinical outcomes.

After early mTICI 2b, stop or continue? Insights from the PERSIST Registry.

OBJECTIVES: A higher reperfusion grade after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is associated with a good prognosis. However, the effect of the number of retrievals has not yet been investigated in vertebrobasilar occlusion (VBAO). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether to continue retrieval after early modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) 2b to achieve a better reperfusion grade. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent EVT caused by VBAO in a multicenter registry dataset. Patients who underwent successful reperfusion were included (mTICI 2b/3). Regression models were used to analyze the correlation of different reperfusion grades stratified by the number of retrieval attempts with clinical prognosis and hemorrhage transition. RESULTS: We included 432 patients: 34.5% (n = 149) had a final mTICI score of 2b and 65.5% (n = 283) had a final mTICI score of 3. Patients who obtained a mTICI of 3 after the first pass had significantly increased odds of having a good prognosis. As the number of passes increases, the chances of obtaining a good prognosis decreases. After three or more passes, the odds of achieving functional independence and favorable outcomes were comparable to those of the first mTICI 2b, regardless of the 90-day (OR 1.132 95% CI 0.367-3.487 p = 0.829; OR 1.070 95% CI 0.375-3.047 p = 0.900) or 1-year follow-up (OR 1.217 95% CI 0.407-3.637 p = 0.725; OR 1.068 95% CI 0.359-3.173 p = 0.906). INTERPRETATION: Within two retrieval attempts, mTICI 3 was better than the first retrieval to mTICI 2b. After early mTICI 2b, each retrieval should be undertaken with caution to pursue a higher reperfusion grade.

Effect of prolonged microcirculation time after thrombectomy on the outcome of acute stroke.

BACKGROUND: Although recanalization can be successful, microcirculatory dysfunction is common in acute large vessel occlusive stroke (LVOS). We assessed the microcirculation time by postprocessing software and analyzed its impact on prognosis in patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT). METHODS: Patients with acute LVOS treated with MT were retrospectively enrolled consecutively. We measured the time to peak (TTP) and cerebral circulation time (CCT) in regions of interest on digital subtraction angiography using syngo iFlow software (Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany). A modified Rankin score ≤2 at 90 days was defined as a favorable outcome. Logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of each time parameter on prognosis. Then, we included time parameters in the baseline model to construct receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to assess the predictive ability for prognosis. RESULTS: A total of 215 patients were finally included. Of them, 118 (54.9%) had a favourable outcome at 90 days. Multivariate analysis showed that the microvascular cerebral circulation time (mCCT) was significantly associated with poor outcomes (odds ratio (OR) 2.061, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.414 to 3.005 p<0.001). The area under the ROC curve was significantly enhanced by including mCCT in the baseline model (0.859 vs 0.829, p=0.016, DeLong test). CONCLUSIONS: The mCCT immediately after recanalization is a powerful predictive factor for 90-day functional prognosis.

First-pass effect in patients with acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion undergoing thrombectomy: insights from the PERSIST registry.

Background: Achieving rapid and complete vascular recanalization in patients with acute large vessel occlusion can significantly improve patients' prognosis. Objective: We aimed to investigate the potential contribution of the first-pass effect (FPE) to the clinical outcome of patients with acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (VBAO). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) caused by VBAO in a multicentered retrospective registry dataset. FPE was defined as successful recanalization [modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) 2b/3 as modified FPE (mFPE); mTICI 3 as true FPE (tFPE)] after one pass of the device without rescue therapy. The baseline characteristics and procedural and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Multivariate analysis was used to explore the predictors of FPE and the relationship between FPE and 90-day prognosis. Results: A total of 508 patients (age, 63.7 ± 13.1 years, male, 71.6%) were finally included, 29.9% (152/508) of whom achieved mFPE, and 21.1% (107/508) of whom achieved tFPE. FPE was significantly associated with improved clinical outcomes, regardless of mFPE [odds ratio (OR): 0.601, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.370-0.977, p = 0.040] and tFPE (OR: 0.547, 95% CI: 0.318-0.940, p = 0.029). The use of contact aspiration, favorable collateral status, cardioembolic etiology, and basilar artery occlusion were statistically significant predictors of mFPE and tFPE, whereas hypertension was a negative predictor. Intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) prior to EVT was a positive predictor of mFPE but not of tFPE. Conclusion: FPE was associated with significantly favorable outcomes in EVT patients with VBAO. The predictors of FPE include infarct etiology, the site of occlusion, collateral status, EVT strategies, and IV rt-PA bridging strategies. Trial registration number: URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2000033211.

Prognosis of Ischemic Stroke Patients Undergoing Endovascular Thrombectomy is Influenced by Systemic Inflammatory Index Through Malignant Brain Edema.

Purpose: The systemic immune inflammatory index (SII), as a new marker, is widely used to predict the disease prognosis. We investigated the predictive value of SII for malignant cerebral edema (MCE) and whether postoperative MCE mediates the relationship between SII and functional prognosis in patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Patients and Methods: A total of 829 patients with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusive stroke (LVOS) were registered, and 675 (81.4%) met the inclusion criteria. We collected baseline data upon admission, including SII. Postoperative computed tomography was performed to assess the presence and grading of cerebral edema (CED), and MCE was defined as a CED score of 3. A good prognosis was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-2 at the 90-day follow-up. Results: A total of 132 patients developed MCE after EVT. The patients were divided into MCE and non-MCE groups, and univariate and multifactorial analyses were performed. Among these risk factors, an elevated SII was independently correlated with the occurrence of MCE. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the predictive capability of SII levels for prognosis. The area under the ROC was 0.69, and the optimal critical value was 2.14. In addition, postoperative MCE may partially account for the poorer functional prognosis of patients with elevated SII (regression coefficient changed by 40.3%). Conclusion: The SII is an independent predictor of malignant brain edema after EVT. Postoperative MCE is partly the reason for the poorer prognosis in patients with elevated SII.