Giant Malignant Meningioma Penetrates the Skull.

Meningioma is a primary tumor of the central nervous system, most commonly found in the middle-aged and elderly. Most meningiomas are benign, whereas malignant meningiomas account for only 1% of all meningiomas. Meningiomas usually grow slowly, and patients often have headaches and epilepsy as the first symptoms. According to the location of the tumor, there can also be vision, visual field, olfactory, hearing impairment, and so on. Surgery is the main treatment. A case of giant malignant meningioma penetrating the skull is reported. The patient was a 67-year-old male with a left parietal scalp mass about 1 year ago, which gradually enlarged to the size of 6×6 cm and had no other symptoms. Imaging examination showed that the tumor eroded the skull, and the density was uneven. After surgical resection (Simpson grade I), poorly differentiated meningioma (World Health Organization Grade Ⅲ) was returned pathologically. After operation, the patient recovered well.

Long noncoding RNA LINC00460 targets miR-539/MMP-9 to promote meningioma progression and metastasis.

Emerging evidence reveal that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participates in the epigenetic regulation of pathophysiological process. However, the deepgoing role of lncRNAs on meningioma is still unclear. In present study, we investigate the roles of lncRNA LINC00460 in meningeoma tissue and uncover its molecular mechanism. Results revealed that LINC00460 expression level was significantly up-regulated in meningeoma tissues and malignant meningeoma cell lines (IOMM-Lee, CH157-MN). Mechanically, loss-of-function assays showed that LINC00460 knockdown significantly suppressed the proliferation ability, increased the apoptosis and decreased the proteins (MMP-2, MMP-9, ZEB1) expression. Bioinformatics tools predicted that miR-539 both targeted with the 3'-UTR of LINC00460 and MMP-9 mRNA, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis. In summary, our study reveals that LINC00460 promotes MMP-9 expression through targeting miR-539, acting as an oncogenic RNA in the meningeoma malignancy and accelerating the proliferation and metastasis of meningeoma.

Imaging characteristics and surgical treatment of invasive meningioma.

In order to provide an effective way to prevent or substantially delay the recurrence of invasive meningioma, and improve the curative effect of surgical treatment, we collected and analyzed the clinical manifestations, pathological features, preoperative imaging characteristics as well the data obtained during the surgical treatment of invasive meningioma. From February 2014 to February 2016, 59 patients with invasive meningioma were enrolled in this study. Invasive meningioma was confirmed in all patients by operation. Information about clinical manifestations, pathological features, preoperative imaging and surgical treatment were collected and analyzed. After surgery, pathological specimens were collected, and cases were confirmed as invasive meningioma by pathological examination. The course of disease ranged from 15 days to 7 years (average, 13.2 months). We used World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for classification of meningioma in the nervous system tumors as our reference. Symptoms were as follows: Intracranial hypertension (29 cases), cranial nerve dysfunction (10 cases), epilepsy (11 cases) and other symptoms (9 cases). We had 56 cases of WHO grade I; 6 cases of WHO grade II and 7 cases of WHO grade III. Surgical removal was: Simpson grade I (56 cases), Simpson grade II (2 cases), Simpson grade III and above (56 cases). We used before surgery imaging data to formulate our surgical plan. In general, during surgeries we did not proceed to complete resection, because in the majority of cases, some key structures were invaded and meningioma was very deep and any attempt for total resection could easily lead to significant damage to these structures.

Factors related to endocrine changes and hormone substitution treatment during pre- and post-operation stages in craniopharyngioma.

Factors related to endocrine changes and hormone substitution treatment during pre- and post-operation periods in craniopharyngioma cases were examined. Twenty patients who underwent tumor resection from January 2012 to January 2015 were included in the study. We monitored factors related to endocrine changes and hormone substitution treatment during pre- and post-operation periods. Blood thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and cortisol levels were measured in the patients. Urinary volume and urine specific gravity were also measured before and after the operation. After the operation, we observed diabetes insipidus and a decrease in TSH and gonadal hormone levels more frequently compared to pre-operation. However, incidence of high prolactin was markedly reduced following surgery. The number of hypothyroidism cases before and after surgery had no statistical significance. In conclusion, surgery for craniopharyngioma aggravated endocrine dysfunction. Craniotomy and total tumor resection had considerable effects on the endocrine system. Routine hormone therapy as an alternative treatment was necessary after operation. Alternative treatment of adrenal cortex hormones reduced the incidence on low blood cortisol.

PI3K Inhibitor Combined With Chemotherapy Can Enhance the Apoptosis of Neuroblastoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo.

Activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is a novel poor prognostic indicator of neuroblastoma (NB), and the positive effects of chemotherapy on NB have been confirmed. In this study, we investigated the effect of small molecule PI3K inhibitor PI103 on chemosensitivity. The PI3K inhibitor cooperates with doxorubicin to synergistically induce apoptosis and to reduce tumor growth of NB in in vitro and in vivo models. Human NB cells, SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE(2), were treated with PI103 combined doxorubicin-enhanced Bid cleavage, activated Bax, and caspase 3. Activation of caspase 3 was also observed in xenografts of NB in nude mice upon combination of doxorubicin with the specific PI3K inhibitor PI103. Cell viability was assessed with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. Both PI103 and doxorubicin inhibited growth of NB in vitro and PI103 induced a G1 arrest of NB cells. PI103 combined doxorubicin significantly inhibits the growth of established NB tumors, induced apoptosis of tumor cells, and improved the survival of mice in vivo Taken together, our findings suggest that PI3K inhibition seems to be a promising option to sensitize tumor cells for chemotherapy in NB, which may be effective in the treatment of NBs.

Removal of craniopharyngioma via fronto-basal interhemispheric approach.

The effectiveness and safety of fronto-basal interhemispheric approach in treating craniopharyngioma were evaluated. In this retrospective study, the safety and effectiveness of fronto-basal interhemispheric approach for surgical resection of craniopharyngioma in 20 patients was analyzed. Of the 20 patients, 12 were men and 8 were women, aged 15-65 years, with an average age of 42.5 years. The course of disease ranged from 1 to 36 months. The craniopharyngioma tumor was completely removed through surgical resection in 18 patients (90%) and partially removed in 2 patients. The pituitary stalk was preserved in 18 patients and 1 patient succumbed during the study period due to large area pulmonary embolism. In conclusion, fronto-basal interhemispheric approach provides better access to the tumor that grows in the sella-hypothalamus and anterior third ventricle region. Using this approach, tumors can be resected while preserving the vital structures such as the pituitary stalk and hypothalamus.

Protection of Facial Nerves During Acoustic Neuroma Surgery.

The objective of this study was to summarize the experience about the protection of the facial nerve in surgery for acoustic neuroma surgery with the aim to improve the retention of facial nerve function and the quality of life. Forty-two patients with acoustic neuroma were recruited from the year 2010 to 2013. Using microsurgical techniques, the tumors were resected through the suboccipital approach over the posterior edge of the sigmoid sinus, and intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring of the facial nerve function was performed. The House-Brackmann (H-B) grading was used to evaluate the facial nerve function evaluation postoperatively. Total tumor resection was achieved in 32 cases, and partial resection in 10 cases, without any intraoperative deaths. Also facial nerves were retained in 35 of 42 cases (83.33 %). One week after surgery, the facial nerve H-B grading was grade I in 8 cases, grade II in 15 cases, grade III in 12 cases, grade IV in 6 cases, and grade V in 1 case. The key to improved protection of the facial nerve during acoustic neuroma surgery includes a complete understanding of the anatomy of the cerebellopontine angle, proper use of microsurgical techniques, and intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring of the status of facial nerve functions to avoid damage to the nerves.