RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the age-related changes of the mandibular third molar root pulp visibility in individuals in East China, and to explore the feasibility of applying this method to determine whether an individual is 18 years or older. METHODS: A total of 1 280 oral panoramic images were collected from the 15-30 years old East China population, and the mandibular third molar root pulp visibility in all oral panoramic images was evaluated using OLZE 0-3 four-stage method, and the age distribution of the samples at each stage was analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Stages 0, 1, 2 and 3 first appeared in 16.88, 19.18, 21.91 and 25.44 years for males and in 17.47, 20.91, 22.01 and 26.01 years for females. In all samples, individuals at stages 1 to 3 were over 18 years old. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to determine whether an individual in East China is 18 years or older based on the mandibular third molar root pulp visibility on oral panoramic images.
Asunto(s)
Determinación de la Edad por los Dientes , Pulpa Dental , Tercer Molar , Radiografía Panorámica , Raíz del Diente , Humanos , Tercer Molar/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Adolescente , Femenino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , China , Raíz del Diente/diagnóstico por imagen , Determinación de la Edad por los Dientes/métodos , Pulpa Dental/diagnóstico por imagen , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagen , Odontología Forense/métodos , Factores de EdadRESUMEN
Two new steroidal ketones (1, 2), together with 10 known steroids (3-12) and five known steroidal saponins (13-17), have been obtained from the pitch of Tetrapanax papyrierus. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated as 3ß-hydroxystigmast-8, 22-diene-7,11-dione and 3ß-hydroxystigmast-8-ene-7,11-dione by IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Except for 4, 14, 15, 16, 13 compounds reported in this paper were isolated from Tetrapanax papyriferus for the first time.
Asunto(s)
Araliaceae/química , Saponinas/aislamiento & purificación , Estigmasterol/análogos & derivados , Estigmasterol/aislamiento & purificación , Estructura Molecular , Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Rizoma/química , Saponinas/química , Estereoisomerismo , Estigmasterol/químicaRESUMEN
Wnt signaling activates the canonical pathway and induces the accumulation of non-phosphorylated beta-catenin (NPBC) in the nucleus. Although this pathway plays an important role in the maintenance of haematopoietic stem cells as well as in oncogenesis, the significance of nuclear NPBC remains unclear in malignant haematopoiesis. This study examined the expression of nuclear NPBC in bone marrow specimens from 54 and 44 patients with de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), respectively. On immunohistochemistry with an anti-NPBC antibody, the nuclei were positively stained in 22 and 18 of AML and MDS specimens, respectively. Staining of nuclear NPBC was associated with AML subtypes (M6 and M7), low complete remission (CR) rate, and poor prognosis. Nuclear NPBC was also associated with a high score when using the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) for MDS and with -7/-7q and complex karyotypes. These findings suggest that in situ detection of nuclear NPBC by immunohistochemistry could provide new insights into the pathogenesis and prognosis of AML and MDS.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/metabolismo , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Células de la Médula Ósea/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Femenino , Humanos , Cariotipificación , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Fosforilación , Pronóstico , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure and affects the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We have now investigated the role of MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in the transition from compensated left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy to heart failure as well as the effects of pravastatin on this transition in a rat model. METHODS: Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed a high-salt (8% NaCl) diet and treated with pravastatin (50 or 100 mg/kg per day) or vehicle from 7 weeks of age. RESULTS: Pravastatin did not attenuate LV hypertrophy apparent at 12 or 18 weeks of age. However, the high dose of this drug markedly improved indices of diastolic function (early diastolic myocardial velocity) and systolic function (LV fractional shortening) at 18 weeks of age and increased the survival rate. It also prevented a decrease in the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione and an increase in NADPH oxidase activity in the left ventricle induced by the high-salt diet. The activities of MMP2 and MMP9 and the abundance of TIMP1 and TIMP2 in LV tissue were increased at 18 weeks of age, and pravastatin also prevented these changes. CONCLUSION: Although pravastatin did not attenuate LV hypertrophy, it prevented the transition from compensated hypertrophy to heart failure in this rat model. This effect of pravastatin may result from a reduction both in the level of oxidative stress and in MMP activity in the heart.
Asunto(s)
Anticolesterolemiantes/uso terapéutico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/tratamiento farmacológico , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz/metabolismo , Miocardio/enzimología , Pravastatina/uso terapéutico , Animales , Factor Natriurético Atrial/genética , Factor Natriurético Atrial/metabolismo , Colágeno/genética , Colágeno/metabolismo , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Fibronectinas/genética , Fibronectinas/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/enzimología , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/enzimología , Masculino , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz/genética , Modelos Animales , Cadenas Pesadas de Miosina/genética , Cadenas Pesadas de Miosina/metabolismo , NADPH Oxidasas/metabolismo , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico/genética , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , ARN Mensajero/análisis , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas Dahl , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Cloruro de Sodio Dietético , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-1/metabolismo , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-2/metabolismoRESUMEN
The Nucleophosmin1 (NPM1) gene located in chromosome 5q35 is affected by chromosomal translocation, mutation and deletion in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). NPM1 haploinsufficiency reportedly causes MDS-like disorders in knockout mice. Here, we studied mRNA and protein expression in bone marrow (BM) samples from 36 patients with MDS. The NPM1 expression levels of mRNA and protein were not related to chromosome 5 abnormalities and were almost the same as those in normal BM and AML cells. However, the protein levels in AML cells with NPM1 mutations were slightly lower than in those without mutation. Immunochemical studies showed no difference in the staining intensity and subcellular localisation between MDS and normal BM cells. It was concluded that abnormal cytoplasmic localisation and/or significant reduction of NPM1 protein level rarely occurs in MDS. The increase in the number of nuclear NPM1-positive cells may be related to the progression of MDS.
Asunto(s)
Médula Ósea/química , Citoplasma/química , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/análisis , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Médula Ósea/patología , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Humanos , Mutación , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/metabolismo , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/patología , Nucleofosmina , ARN Mensajero/análisisRESUMEN
Chronic elevation of plasma aldosterone contributes to heart failure. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism is cardioprotective in such a setting, but whether such protection occurs in the presence of low-aldosterone concentrations remains unclear. We investigated whether MR blockade attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and failure in rats with salt-sensitive hypertension. Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats fed a high-salt diet from 7 weeks develop concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy secondary to hypertension at 12 weeks followed by heart failure at 19 weeks (DS-CHF). DS rats on such a diet were treated with a non-antihypertensive dose of the selective MR antagonist eplerenone from 12 to 19 weeks. Renin activity and aldosterone concentration in plasma were decreased in DS-CHF rats compared with controls. LV hypertrophy and fibrosis, as well as macrophage infiltration around coronary vessels, were apparent in DS-CHF rats. The amounts of mRNAs for 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, MR, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and osteopontin were increased in these hearts. Treatment of DS-CHF rats with eplerenone inhibited these changes in gene expression, as well as coronary vascular inflammation and heart failure. Eplerenone attenuated both the decrease in the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione and the increase in NADPH oxidase activity apparent in DS-CHF rat hearts. MR blockade with eplerenone thus resulted in attenuation of LV hypertrophy and failure, without an antihypertensive effect, in rats with low-aldosterone hypertension. The beneficial cardiac effects of eplerenone are likely attributable, at least in part, to attenuation of myocardial oxidative stress and coronary vascular inflammation induced by glucocorticoid-activated MRs.
Asunto(s)
Aldosterona/sangre , Gasto Cardíaco Bajo/fisiopatología , Cardiomegalia/diagnóstico por imagen , Cardiotónicos/farmacología , Hipertensión/metabolismo , Antagonistas de Receptores de Mineralocorticoides , Espironolactona/análogos & derivados , Animales , Gasto Cardíaco Bajo/etiología , Cardiomegalia/etiología , Vasos Coronarios , Corticosterona/sangre , Ecocardiografía , Eplerenona , Hipertensión/sangre , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Masculino , Miocardio/metabolismo , Concentración Osmolar , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Peptidil-Dipeptidasa A/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas Dahl , Receptor de Angiotensina Tipo 1/genética , Receptores de Mineralocorticoides/genética , Renina/sangre , Espironolactona/farmacología , Vasculitis/etiología , Función Ventricular , Remodelación VentricularRESUMEN
Long-term administration of vasodilators increases shear stress, which is thought to be important for vascular growth in the heart. Nicorandil, an activator of ATP-sensitive potassium channels with a nitrate-like action, is a potent vasodilator. We have now investigated the effects of nicorandil on vascular growth and gene expression in the failing heart of Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) hypertensive rats. DS rats fed a high-salt diet from 6 weeks of age develop concentric cardiac hypertrophy secondary to hypertension at 11 weeks, followed by heart failure at 18 weeks. DS rats on such a diet were treated with a nonantihypertensive oral dose of nicorandil (6 mg/kg per day) or vehicle from 11 to 18 weeks of age. Treatment of DS rats with nicorandil improved cardiac function and attenuated the development of heart failure. Myocardial capillary and arteriolar densities did not differ between vehicle-treated DS rats and age-matched controls. The abundance of mRNAs for endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the VEGF receptor Flt-1, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the myocardium was markedly reduced in vehicle-treated DS rats compared with controls. Treatment of DS rats with nicorandil greatly increased capillary and arteriolar densities and inhibited the downregulation of eNOS, VEGF, fms-like tyrosin kinase-1, and bFGF gene expression. This, nicorandil stimulates coronary capillary and arteriolar growth and thereby likely suppresses the development of heart failure in DS rats. Nicorandil may prove beneficial for the treatment of hypertensive heart failure as well as of ischemic heart disease.