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1.
Nano Lett ; 19(10): 7119-7123, 2019 10 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31429575

RESUMEN

An interface of molecule and metal has attracted much attention in the research field of nanoelectronics because of their high degree of design freedom. Here, we demonstrate an efficient spin-to-charge current conversion at the metal surface covered by a single layer of molecules. Spin currents are injected into an interface between metal (Cu) and lead(II) phthalocyanine by means of the spin pumping method. An observed voltage signal is caused by the inverse Edelstein effect, i.e., spin-to-charge current conversion at the interface. The conversion coefficient, inverse Edelstein length, is estimated to be 0.40 ± 0.06 nm, comparable with the largest Rashba spin splitting of interfaces with heavy metals. Interestingly, the Edelstein length strongly depends on the thickness of the molecule and takes a maximum value when a single layer of molecules is formed on the Cu surface. Comparative analysis between scanning probe microscopy and first-principles calculations reveal that the formation of interface state with Rashba spin splitting causes the inverse Edelstein effect, whose magnitude is sensitive to the adsorption configuration of the molecules.

2.
Public Health ; 139: 189-197, 2016 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27596483

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To clarify the frequency of musculoskeletal problems in public elementary and junior high school children and to determine the advantages and problems of musculoskeletal examinations. STUDY DESIGN: School-based cross-sectional study nested in a cohort. METHODS: We examined 41,376 public elementary and junior high school children (aged 6-15 years) in Miyazaki, Japan, from 2008 to 2014. Participation was voluntary. Participants received an in-school primary musculoskeletal examination (clinical examination with check items and a questionnaire) and a secondary examination at an orthopaedic outpatient clinic as indicated. Estimated prevalence rates for musculoskeletal problems were calculated from the results of both examinations. RESULTS: The total estimated prevalence of musculoskeletal problems was 8.6%. Prevalence by school grade ranged from 3.2% to 13.7%. Estimated prevalence rates increased as grade increased and were higher in junior high school students than in elementary school students. The secondary examination identified musculoskeletal problems on the back (65.4%), knee (8.1%), ankle or feet (7.3%) and elbow (5.4%). Of those referred for a secondary examination, 44.4% had not reported musculoskeletal complaints on the initial questionnaire. Overall, 69.8% of problems diagnosed in the secondary examination were previously undiagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: School-based musculoskeletal examination enables early detection of abnormal growth and disorders of the locomotive organs and is expected to support children's musculoskeletal growth and development. We recommend musculoskeletal examinations as part of school check-ups in Japan. Our findings suggest musculoskeletal examinations should be conducted for students in higher elementary school grades and for all junior high school students. Evaluation should include both direct clinical examination and questionnaires.


Asunto(s)
Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas/epidemiología , Examen Físico , Servicios de Salud Escolar , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Transversales , Diagnóstico Precoz , Femenino , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Prevalencia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
3.
Digestion ; 89(1): 6-11, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24458106

RESUMEN

Endoscopic diagnostics of early squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the laryngo-esophageal region have dramatically improved together with development of less invasive endoscopic treatment. It is essential for gastrointestinal endoscopists to detect lesions when they are still endoscopically treatable, especially in this region since surgical approach can still be extremely invasive. Pioneers have found some notable fundamental alterations in early SCC and created several classifications. Inoue [Dig Endosc 2001;13(suppl): 40-41] proposed the intrapapillary capillary (IPCL) classification, which focused on the microvascular change of the mucosal surface. One of the significances of this classification is that it clearly distinguished the lesions that require further pathological evaluation by categorizing the diameter change of the IPCLs. On the other hand, Arima et al. [Esophagus 2005;2:191-197] advocated the alteration of microvessels as well as change of the vascular arrangement in the area. Most recently, the Japan Esophageal Society constructed a new classification uniting these two exemplary classifications as the 'Japanese Classification of Magnifying Endoscopy for Early Squamous Cell Carcinoma'. This classification was intended to be simple and easily applicable in general clinical practice. Brownish color change between the IPCLs has reported to be one of the useful findings in distinguishing early SCC from benign changes such as inflammatory change and low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Nevertheless, the exact cause of this phenomenon remains unclear. We recently examined the association of color change with hemoglobin (Hb) in cancer tissue, since NBI exclusively detects the wavelength of Hb in superficial vessels in the gastrointestinal tract. This review article also describes our examination of a distinct finding in esophageal cancer, namely, 'background coloration'.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico , Esofagoscopía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/clasificación , Color , Neoplasias Esofágicas/clasificación , Humanos , Yoduros , Microvasos/patología
4.
Int J Sports Med ; 35(12): 1012-6, 2014 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24838268

RESUMEN

The present study aims to improve medical systems by designing objective safety assessment criteria for rugby competitions. We evaluated 195 competitions between 2002 and 2011 using an original safety scale comprising the following sections: 1) competence of staff such as referees, medical attendants and match day doctor; 2) environment such as weather, wet bulb globe temperature and field conditions; and 3) emergency medical care systems at the competitions. Each section was subdivided into groups A, B and C according to good, normal or fair degrees of safety determined by combinations of the results.Overall safety was assessed as A, B and C for 110, 78 and 7 competitions, respectively. The assessments of individual major factors were mostly favorable for staff, but the environment and medical care systems were assessed as C in 25 and 70, respectively, of the 195 competitions. Medical management involves not having a match day doctor, but also comprehensive management including preventive factors and responses from the staff, environment and medical-care systems. 6 cases of severe injuries and accidents occurred between 2002 and 2011, which were observed in Grade A competition. These cases revealed better prognosis without obvious impairment, thus confirming the value of the present assessment scale.


Asunto(s)
Traumatismos en Atletas/prevención & control , Administración de la Seguridad , Fútbol/lesiones , Servicios Médicos de Urgencia , Ambiente , Humanos , Cuerpo Médico , Rol del Médico , Estudios Prospectivos , Medicina Deportiva
5.
Environ Int ; 160: 107069, 2022 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34974237

RESUMEN

In recent decades, the possibility that use of mobile communicating devices, particularly wireless (mobile and cordless) phones, may increase brain tumour risk, has been a concern, particularly given the considerable increase in their use by young people. MOBI-Kids, a 14-country (Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Greece, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain) case-control study, was conducted to evaluate whether wireless phone use (and particularly resulting exposure to radiofrequency (RF) and extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF)) increases risk of brain tumours in young people. Between 2010 and 2015, the study recruited 899 people with brain tumours aged 10 to 24 years old and 1,910 controls (operated for appendicitis) matched to the cases on date of diagnosis, study region and age. Participation rates were 72% for cases and 54% for controls. The mean ages of cases and controls were 16.5 and 16.6 years, respectively; 57% were males. The vast majority of study participants were wireless phones users, even in the youngest age group, and the study included substantial numbers of long-term (over 10 years) users: 22% overall, 51% in the 20-24-year-olds. Most tumours were of the neuroepithelial type (NBT; n = 671), mainly glioma. The odds ratios (OR) of NBT appeared to decrease with increasing time since start of use of wireless phones, cumulative number of calls and cumulative call time, particularly in the 15-19 years old age group. A decreasing trend in ORs was also observed with increasing estimated cumulative RF specific energy and ELF induced current density at the location of the tumour. Further analyses suggest that the large number of ORs below 1 in this study is unlikely to represent an unknown causal preventive effect of mobile phone exposure: they can be at least partially explained by differential recall by proxies and prodromal symptoms affecting phone use before diagnosis of the cases. We cannot rule out, however, residual confounding from sources we did not measure. Overall, our study provides no evidence of a causal association between wireless phone use and brain tumours in young people. However, the sources of bias summarised above prevent us from ruling out a small increased risk.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Teléfono Celular , Glioma , Adolescente , Adulto , Neoplasias Encefálicas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/etiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Campos Electromagnéticos/efectos adversos , Glioma/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Ondas de Radio/efectos adversos , Adulto Joven
6.
Br J Cancer ; 105(10): 1615-24, 2011 Nov 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22015555

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Although matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in tumourigenesis and cancer progression, the role of MMP-13 in melanoma cell metastases is poorly understood. METHODS: Lung metastases of mouse melanoma B16BL6 cells were analysed in MMP-13 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice after intravenous injection. The mRNA and protein expression of MMP-13 in lung tissues was analysed by RT-PCR, real-time PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The expression of SDF-1α, CXCR4 and endostatin, and effects of endostatin to cultured melanoma cells and lung metastases were also studied. RESULTS: Lung metastases of B16BL6 cells were significantly higher by 2.5-5.7-fold in MMP-13 KO mice than in WT mice. The expression of MMP-13 in WT mouse lung tissue was stimulated on day 1 after intravenous injection of the melanoma cells and MMP-13 was immunolocalised to vascular endothelial cells in the lungs. Endostatin formation, but not degradation of SDF-1α, in the lung tissue was associated with reduced lung metastasis in WT mice. Endostatin significantly inhibited migration of B16BL6 cells in monolayer wounding assay and remarkably suppressed Matrigel invasion and transendothelial invasion of the cells. In addition, lung metastases of melanoma cells in MMP-13 KO mice were reduced by intraperitoneal administration of endostatin. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that MMP-13 is overproduced by endothelial cells in the lungs with melanoma cells and has a protective role in lung metastasis by local generation of endostatin.


Asunto(s)
Endostatinas/biosíntesis , Neoplasias Pulmonares/prevención & control , Metaloproteinasa 13 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Melanoma Experimental/patología , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Cartilla de ADN , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Neoplasias Pulmonares/enzimología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundario , Melanoma Experimental/enzimología , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Microscopía Fluorescente , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa
7.
Nat Med ; 7(1): 94-100, 2001 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11135622

RESUMEN

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in various tumor cells in vitro, but its physiological role in tumor surveillance remains unknown. Here, we report that TRAIL is constitutively expressed on murine natural killer (NK) cells in the liver and plays a substantial role in suppressing tumor metastasis. Freshly isolated NK cells, but not natural killer T cells or ordinary T cells, from the liver expressed cell surface TRAIL, which was responsible for spontaneous cytotoxicity against TRAIL-sensitive tumor cells in vitro along with perforin and Fas ligand (FasL). Administration of neutralizing monoclonal antibody against TRAIL significantly increased experimental liver metastases of several TRAIL-sensitive tumor cell lines. Such an anti-metastatic effect of TRAIL was not observed in NK cell-depleted mice or interferon-gamma-deficient mice, the latter of which lacked TRAIL on liver NK cells. These findings provide the first evidence for the physiological function of TRAIL as a tumor suppressor.


Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/fisiología , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Hígado/inmunología , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/fisiología , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/inmunología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/fisiología , Animales , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis , Ligandos , Hígado/citología , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentales/secundario , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos , Ligando Inductor de Apoptosis Relacionado con TNF
8.
Int J Cosmet Sci ; 33(6): 566-71, 2011 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21668833

RESUMEN

Scientific evaluation of fabric softener use on the friction of fabrics and on dry skin in real life is very limited. The coefficient of friction of fabrics was measured with a surface tester using model skin and cotton fabrics. The effects and safety of fabric softener-treated T-shirts on subjects with dry skin were evaluated in real-life conditions in the cold and arid environment. Twenty male volunteers with dry skin used T-shirts without softener for 1 week before day 0 and then wore softener-treated T-shirts for 14 days. Effects were evaluated by clinical grading, subjective symptoms, stratum corneum water content (SCWC) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). A significant decrease in the coefficient of friction of fabrics was detected. A significant improvement in SCWC was observed on the torso, waist and shoulder, but no improvement was found on the inner forearm. There was a slight change in TEWL. The visual grading of dryness improved significantly at all sites, but no significant change was found in subjective symptoms. Our results suggest that fabric softener provides benefits to individuals with dry skin because of the decreased friction of the garments against the skin. It is possible that the softener treatment of fabrics contributes to the state of moisturization of the skin and may work in collaboration with the application of moisturizers.


Asunto(s)
Vestuario , Dermatitis/terapia , Adulto , Fricción , Humanos , Masculino , Compuestos Orgánicos , Pérdida Insensible de Agua/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto Joven
9.
J Exp Med ; 192(9): 1373-80, 2000 Nov 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11067885

RESUMEN

TWEAK, a new member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, induces cell death in some tumor cell lines, but its physiological functions are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of TWEAK in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by using newly generated anti-human TWEAK mAbs. Although freshly isolated PBMCs expressed no detectable level of TWEAK on their surfaces, a remarkable TWEAK expression was rapidly observed on monocytes upon stimulation with interferon (IFN)-gamma but not with IFN-alpha or lipopolysaccharide. Cytotoxic activity of IFN-gamma-stimulated monocytes against human squamous carcinoma cell line HSC3 was inhibited partially by anti-TWEAK mAb alone and almost completely by combination with anti-TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) mAb. These results revealed a novel pathway of monocyte cytotoxicity against tumor cells that is mediated by TWEAK and potentiated by IFN-gamma.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Portadoras/inmunología , Citotoxicidad Inmunológica/efectos de los fármacos , Interferón gamma/farmacología , Monocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Monocitos/inmunología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/farmacología , Antígenos CD/análisis , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/inmunología , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Proteínas Portadoras/farmacología , Células Cultivadas , Citocina TWEAK , Pruebas Inmunológicas de Citotoxicidad , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Interferón-alfa/farmacología , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/inmunología , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/fisiología , Monocitos/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión , Ligando Inductor de Apoptosis Relacionado con TNF , Transfección , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/inmunología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/farmacología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/fisiología , Factores de Necrosis Tumoral
10.
J Exp Med ; 189(9): 1451-60, 1999 May 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10224285

RESUMEN

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a proapoptotic member of the TNF family of type II membrane proteins, which constitutes one component of T cell cytotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of TRAIL in human peripheral blood T (PBT) cells. Although freshly isolated PBT cells did not express a detectable level of TRAIL on their surface, a remarkable TRAIL expression was rapidly induced on the surface of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) PBT cells upon stimulation with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and type I interferons (IFNs). This enhancement of TRAIL expression was a unique feature of type I IFNs (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta), and neither type II IFN (IFN-gamma) nor various other cytokines enhanced TRAIL expression on anti-CD3-stimulated PBT cells. Type I IFNs have been used for clinical treatment of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), and we found that most RCC cell lines were susceptible to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Type I IFNs substantially augmented cytotoxic activity of anti-CD3-stimulated PBT cells against RCC cell lines in a TRAIL-dependent manner. These results indicate a unique feature of type I IFNs to regulate TRAIL-mediated T cell cytotoxicity, which may be involved in the antitumor effects of type I IFNs against various tumors.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Apoptosis , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Interferón-alfa/metabolismo , Interferón beta/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis , Complejo CD3/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Citocinas/farmacología , Citotoxicidad Inmunológica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Interferón-alfa/farmacología , Interferón beta/farmacología , Células Jurkat , Ligandos , Complejo Receptor-CD3 del Antígeno de Linfocito T/metabolismo , Ligando Inductor de Apoptosis Relacionado con TNF , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacos
11.
J Exp Med ; 170(4): 1415-20, 1989 Oct 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2677210

RESUMEN

Effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) on IgA production by LPS-stimulated B cells have been studied. TGF-beta itself could augment polyclonal IgA production in concomitant inhibition of polyclonal IgM and IgG1 production. Furthermore, TGF-beta and IL-5 additively augmented IgA production. TGF-beta exerted its activity early in the culture (by 2 d in a 5-d culture) and IL-5 was required late in the culture. Surface IgA- (sIgA-) B cells responded to TGF-beta for the development of IgA-secreting cells. By contrast, sIgA+ B cells, but not sIgA- B cells, responded to IL-5 for IgA production. These results suggest that TGF-beta has a differential role in the induction of IgA production from IL-5 on murine-activated B cells.


Asunto(s)
Linfocitos B/fisiología , Inmunoglobulina A/biosíntesis , Interleucina-5/farmacología , Factores de Crecimiento Transformadores/farmacología , Animales , Inmunoglobulina A Secretora/análisis , Inmunoglobulina G/biosíntesis , Inmunoglobulina M/biosíntesis , Técnicas Inmunológicas , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C
12.
J Periodontal Res ; 45(2): 296-300, 2010 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20470261

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We recently showed that adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived cytokine, may function as a negative regulator of the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and of osteoclast formation in periodontal disease. In this study, we investigated whether the expression levels of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) are related to the presence of periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We initially examined, using RT-PCR, the expression of the AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 genes at the mRNA level in several oral tissues of C57BL mice. Next, we investigated (using real-time PCR assays) whether inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, could affect the expression levels of these genes in human gingival fibroblasts. Lastly, we compared the expression levels of these receptor proteins in gingival tissues between two healthy subjects and five patients with severe periodontal disease using western blotting analysis. RESULTS: The AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 receptors were ubiquitously expressed in the oral tissues of mice. We observed that treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha could significantly reduce the expression levels of both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 genes in human gingival fibroblasts. Moreover, we found that the expression of both receptors was lower in periodontal tissues from patients with severe periodontitis than in patients with healthy periodontal tissues. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that adiponectin may not function efficiently in sites of periodontal disease because of a decrease in the number of its receptors, and this probable dysfunction may play a role in worsening periodontitis in patients.


Asunto(s)
Periodontitis/metabolismo , Receptores de Adiponectina/análisis , Anciano , Animales , Línea Celular , Células Cultivadas , Periodontitis Crónica/metabolismo , Citocinas/farmacología , Femenino , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Encía/metabolismo , Gingivitis/metabolismo , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Persona de Mediana Edad , Bolsa Periodontal/metabolismo , Receptores de Adiponectina/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/farmacología
13.
Surg Endosc ; 24(8): 2044-7, 2010 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20108150

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Hepatectomy may prolong the survival of colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases. Two-stage liver surgery is a valid option for the treatment of bilobar colorectal liver metastasis. This video demonstrates technical aspects of a two-stage pure laparoscopic hepatectomy for bilateral liver metastasis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of a two-stage laparoscopic liver resection in the English literature. METHODS: A 54-year-old man with right colon cancer and synchronous bilobar colorectal liver metastasis underwent laparoscopic right colon resection followed by oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. The patient then was referred for surgical treatment of liver metastasis. Liver volumetry showed a small left liver remnant. Surgical planning was for a totally laparoscopic two-stage liver resection. The first stage involved laparoscopic resection of segment 3 and ligature of the right portal vein. The postoperative pathology showed high-grade liver steatosis. After 4 weeks, the left liver had regenerated, and volumetry of left liver was 43%. The second stage involved laparoscopic right hepatectomy using the intrahepatic Glissonian approach. Intrahepatic access to the main right Glissonian pedicle was achieved with two small incisions, and an endoscopic vascular stapling device was inserted between these incisions and fired. The line of liver transection was marked following the ischemic area. Liver transection was accomplished with the Harmonic scalpel and an endoscopic stapling device. The specimen was extracted through a suprapubic incision. The falciform ligament was fixed to maintain the left liver in its original anatomic position, avoiding hepatic vein kinking and outflow syndrome. RESULTS: The operative time was 90 min for stage 1 and 240 min for stage 2 of the procedure. The recoveries after the first and second operations were uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative days 2 and 7, respectively. CONCLUSION: Two-stage liver resections can be performed safely using laparoscopy. The intrahepatic Glissonian approach is a useful tool for pedicle control of the right liver, especially after previous dissection of the hilar plate.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Hepatectomía/métodos , Laparoscopía , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundario , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad
14.
Gut ; 58(3): 331-6, 2009 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19001058

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has the advantage over conventional endoscopic mucosa resection, permitting removal of early gastric cancer (EGC) en bloc, but long-term clinical outcomes remain unknown. A follow-up study on tumour recurrence and survival after ESD was conducted. METHOD: ESD was performed for patients with EGC that fulfilled the expanded criteria: mucosal cancer without ulcer findings irrespective of tumour size; mucosal cancer with ulcer findings

Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Endoscopía/métodos , Mucosa Gástrica/cirugía , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugía , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Disección , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Mucosa Gástrica/patología , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Resultado del Tratamiento
15.
Science ; 265(5173): 762-5, 1994 Aug 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17736273

RESUMEN

A rational method for constructing highly oriented films of purple membrane (PM) has been established by using two kinds of bispecific antibodies with different antigen-binding sites, one binding to a specific side of bacteriorhodopsin and the other to a phospholipid hapten. A hapten monolayer deposited on a metal electrode was treated with a bispecific antibody solution and incubated with a PM suspension to produce a highly oriented PM film, as confirmed by electron microscopy in which an immunogold labeling technique was used. This antibody-mediated PM monolayer was then used in the construction of a light-sensing photoelectric device. A comparison of the two incorporated PM monolayers showed that highly efficient photocurrents were produced by the PM monolayer whose unidirectionally oriented cytoplasmic surface faces the electrode.

17.
Endoscopy ; 41(8): 679-83, 2009 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19670135

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) permits removal of colorectal epithelial neoplasms en bloc, but a substantial risk of procedure-related perforation has been reported. We sought to unravel the clinicopathological factors associated with the clinical outcomes of ESD for colorectal epithelial neoplasms in a large series. PATIENTS AND METHODS: ESD was done in 278 patients with 292 colorectal tumors that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The criteria for ESD were: lesion greater than 20 mm in size, lesion with fibrotic scarring, locally residual colorectal lesion, or invasive carcinoma with slight submucosal penetration. Resection was assessed as en bloc or piecemeal, complete (en bloc with tumor-free lateral and basal margins) or incomplete. Complications including perforation and bleeding were assessed, and factors related to each were analyzed using logistic regression. Patients underwent multiple follow-up endoscopic examinations (mean 4.6; median 4; range 2 - 9; total number 1010). RESULTS: En bloc resection was achieved in 90.1 % of lesions (263/292) and resection was deemed to be complete in 233 (79.8 %). Right-side colonic location and the finding of fibrosis were the significant contributors to incomplete resection. Perforation was seen in 24 cases (8.2 %), and was associated with large tumor size and the presence of fibrosis. When the contributive factors for each were combined, the risks of incomplete resection and perforation were substantially increased. CONCLUSION: The present study provides useful information for predicting risks for incomplete resection and complication in colorectal ESD.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Esofagoscopía/efectos adversos , Membrana Mucosa/cirugía , Neoplasias Glandulares y Epiteliales/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Disección , Femenino , Fibrosis , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiología , Humanos , Perforación Intestinal/etiología , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Membrana Mucosa/patología , Invasividad Neoplásica , Neoplasias Glandulares y Epiteliales/patología , Factores de Riesgo , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Resultado del Tratamiento
18.
Inflamm Res ; 58(4): 192-7, 2009 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19184352

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Impaired production/release of defensins, representative endogenous antimicrobial peptides, is associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Employing in house radioimmunoassay, we examined concentrations of the major forms alpha-defensins, human neutrophil peptides (HNP) 1-3 and human beta-defensin (HBD)-2 in plasma of 55 IBD patients consisting of 29 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 26 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 57 controls. RESULTS: The circulating HNP 1-3, but not HBD-2, levels in IBD patients were significantly higher than those in controls. Plasma HNP 1-3 concentrations in CD patients significantly correlated with Crohn's disease activity index, peripheral white blood cell counts, serum CRP values and TNF-alpha levels. CONCLUSIONS: Elevation of circulating alpha-defensins levels is suggestive of their physiopathological roles in IBD. Plasma HNP 1-3 concentrations may be an indicator for CD activity and their association with CRP and TNF-alpha supports a possible association with the inflammatory process.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/sangre , alfa-Defensinas/sangre , beta-Defensinas/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Antiinfecciosos/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/patología , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Estadística como Asunto , Adulto Joven
19.
Tob Control ; 18(1): 10-7, 2009 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18728096

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: In Japan, tobacco smoking is one of the main avoidable causes of disease and death. Although the benefits of smoking cessation for reducing disease risk and increasing longevity have been extensively documented, a relatively low proportion of Japanese smokers currently express a willingness to quit. This study attempted to quantify future reduction in the burden of smoking-attributable disease that could result from increases in smoking cessation. METHODS: A simulation model was developed to project changes in mortality in Japan associated with increased quit attempts and use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) among smokers, incorporating data on smoking prevalence, cause-specific mortality rates, quitting behaviour and NRT use and effectiveness. RESULTS: Approximately 46 000 lung cancer deaths and 56 000 cardiovascular disease deaths could be avoided over 20 years if the proportion of smokers making a quit attempt per year gradually increased to current US levels over 20 years. If each of these quit attempts were aided by NRT, the estimates of avoidable deaths would increase to 64 000 for lung cancer and 78 000 for cardiovascular disease. In this model, negligible deaths were avoided due to decreased smoking initiation over the 20-year simulation. CONCLUSION: Smoking cessation can have measurable short-term impacts on the smoking-related mortality burden in Japan. However, to achieve these gains, tobacco control policies should focus both on increasing smokers' willingness to quit and providing the support and therapies to increase the likelihood that smoking cessation attempts will succeed.


Asunto(s)
Cese del Hábito de Fumar/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevención del Hábito de Fumar , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Femenino , Predicción , Estimulantes Ganglionares/administración & dosificación , Promoción de la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Promoción de la Salud/tendencias , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Estadísticos , Nicotina/administración & dosificación , Antagonistas Nicotínicos/administración & dosificación , Prevalencia , Medición de Riesgo , Fumar/mortalidad , Resultado del Tratamiento
20.
Sci Total Environ ; 407(4): 1383-90, 2009 Feb 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19033080

RESUMEN

Long-term application of phosphate fertilizers causes accumulation of U in the surface soil of agricultural fields. We investigated the soil constituents that contribute to the accumulation of U by using chemical extraction methods. Surface soil samples were obtained from upland fields, pastures, and paddy fields cultivated without any phosphate fertilizer (control site), with NPK fertilizer (NPK site), and with both NPK fertilizer and compost (NPK+compost site) for more than 20 years. In addition to the total U (Ut) concentration in soil, the concentrations of pyrophosphate- and acid oxalate-extractable U were determined as a measure of U associated with soil organic matter and poorly crystalline Fe/Al minerals in soil, respectively. The total, pyrophosphate-extractable, and acid oxalate-extractable U concentrations were higher in the soil obtained from the NPK and NPK+compost sites than in that obtained from the control site. The difference in the U concentrations between the NPK or NPK+compost site and the control site corresponded with the increased U concentration observed after the application of the phosphate fertilizer or both the fertilizer and compost. In the upland field and pasture soil, the increase in pyrophosphate-extractable U was 83-94% of that in Ut. On the other hand, the increase in acid oxalate-extractable U was 44-58% of that in Ut in the upland field and pasture soil, but it was almost equivalent to the increase in Ut in the paddy soil with NPK. In conclusion, most of the phosphate fertilizer-derived U was either incorporated into the soil organic matter or poorly crystalline Fe/Al minerals in the surface soil of agricultural fields. Thus, soil organic matter is an important pool of U in upland field and pasture soil, whereas poorly crystalline Fe/Al minerals are important pools of U in paddy soil experiencing alternating changes in redox conditions.


Asunto(s)
Fertilizantes , Fosfatos/química , Contaminantes del Suelo/química , Suelo/análisis , Uranio/química , Agricultura/métodos , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Uranio/análisis
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