Effectiveness of a novel rat model of off-target PLA2R1 knockout to renal impairment.

Phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) plays a crucial role in various diseases, including membranous nephropathy. However, the precise implications of PLA2R1 deficiency remain poorly understood. In this study, we created PLA2R1 knockout rats to explore potential consequences resulting from the loss of the PLA2R1 gene. Unexpectedly, our PLA2R1 knockout rats exhibited symptoms resembling those of chronic kidney disease after an 8-week observation period. Notably, several rats developed persistent proteinuria, a hallmark of renal dysfunction. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses revealed insignificant glomerular fibrosis, reduced podocyte count, and augmented glomerular expression of complement C3 (C3) compared to immunoglobin A (IgA) and immunoglobin G(IgG) in the rat model. These findings suggest that the loss of PLA2R1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy and related conditions. Our knockout rat model provides a valuable tool for investigating the underlying pathology of PLA2R1-associated diseases, and may facilitate the development of targeted therapies for membranous nephropathy and other related disorders.

Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Fascia Iliac Compartment Block with Nalbuphine and Ropivacaine on Preoperative Pain in Older Patients with Hip Fractures: A Multicenter, Triple-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Pain management for older patients with hip fractures is challenging. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided fascia iliac compartment block (UGFICB) using different doses of nalbuphine in combination with ropivacaine on preoperative analgesia in older patients with hip fractures. METHODS: In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, 280 elderly patients with hip fracture were randomly allocated into four UGFICB groups (n = 70 in each group): a ropivacaine group (30 mL 0.1% ropivacaine + 0.9% normal saline) and three ropivacaine plus nalbuphine groups (5, 10, and 20 mg nalbuphine, respectively). The primary outcomes were the duration of analgesia at rest and on passive movement. Secondary outcomes included sensory block area, side effects, and vital signs. The doses of rescue analgesia with parecoxib sodium were also analyzed. RESULTS: The addition of nalbuphine dose-dependently increased the duration of analgesia at rest and on passive movement (P < 0.05) and expanded the area of sensory block (P < 0.05). Compared with the ropivacaine group, the pain scores at rest and on movement at 6 and 8 h after the block were lower in three ropivacaine plus nalbuphine groups (P < 0.05), without between-group differences at 2, 4, and 12 h. The four groups had comparable side effects (nausea and vomiting) and vital signs (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: UGFICB with 5, 10, and 20 mg nalbuphine added to ropivacaine prolonged the analgesia duration, increased sensory block area, reduced pain, and decreased the doses of rescue parecoxib sodium for older patients after hip fracture, without obvious side effects. Among these three doses, nalbuphine 20 mg in combination with ropivacaine provided the longest duration of analgesia and the largest sensory block area. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000029934).

The association between the socioeconomic status and body pain: A nationwide survey.

Pain is a significant burden among different communities, but little is known regarding the epidemiology of pain, particularly with respect to socioeconomic status (SES).The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of body pain and to identify risk factors of pain in middle-aged and older Chinese.The data were extracted from the 2008 Chinese Suboptimal Health Study that consisted of 18,316 Chinese subjects aged 18 to 65 years. Information on SES including occupation and education levels and body pain were collected. A Likert scale was used to evaluate reported body pain. We used the multiple logistic regression model to examine the association between SES and body pain.Overall, 65.34% reported body pain (male: 60.93%; female: 69.73%). After adjustments based on sex, age, education, area of residence, marital status, smoking, drinking and health status, the results showed that students (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-1.74) and professionals (OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.08-1.37) had significant high risk for body pain, compared with civil servants and farmers (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.55-0.75) who significantly lower risk of body pain. The study demonstrates there is a significant negative association between education and reported body pain.The results indicated an association between SES and body pain within the Chinese community. Body pain varied among different Chinese occupation-related population and people with higher education level are less like to have body pain.

[Effect of electric acupoint stimulation on shivering in cesarean section].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of electric acupoint stimulation on shivering in cesarean section. METHODS: Eighty cases of parturients, under the America Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II , were randomized into a transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) assisted anesthesia group (group A) and an anesthesia group (group B). Spinal-epidural anesthesia(CSEA) puncture was applied to both groups and 8 mg of 0. 75% bubivacaine was given by spinal injection, the block level was T4 T8. In group A, TEAS was applied before CSEA at paired acupoints-ipsilateral Hegu (LI 4)-Laogong (PC 8) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6)-Zusanli (ST 36) till ending the surgery. The 4 pair of bilateral acupoints were fixed with self-adhesive electrodes and connected with Han's acupoint and nerve stimulator (HANS, LH402H), the frequency was 2 Hz/ 15 Hz, the intensity was 10- 30 mA and the form was densedisperse wave within the patients' tolarance. The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SPO) and shivering degree were recorded before anesthesia (To), 1 min after anesthesia puncture (Ti), 1 min after the delivery (Tz), during abdomen closure (T3) and at the end of surgery (T4). RESULTS: The occurrence rate of shivering was 35. 0% (14/40) in group A, which was lower to 67. 5% (27/40, P<0. 05) in group B; the degree of shivering was lighter in group A than that in group B at T2, T3 and T4 (all P<0. 01). In group A, HR was faster at T1 and T2 compared to that at To (all P<0. 05), while at T3 and T4, the HR was the same with that before anesthesia (all P>0. 05). In group B, the HR was faster at T1, T2, T3 and T4 compared to that at T0 (P<0. 05, P<0. 01). In both groups, the MAP was lower at T1, T2 (P<0.05,P<0.01) and resumed to that before anesthesia at T3 and T4 (all P>0.05); there was no statistical significance of SPO2 in both groups (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION: TEAS can reduce the occurrence rate of shivering and steady the heart rate in cesarean section.