The tightest self-assembled ruthenium metal-organic framework combined with proximity hybridization for ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence analysis of paraquat.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as porous materials, have great potential for exploring high-performance electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probes. However, the constrained applicability of MOFs in the realm of ECL biosensing is primarily attributed to their inadequate water stability, which consequently impairs the overall ECL efficiency. Herein, we developed a competitive ECL biosensor based on a novel tightest structural ruthenium-based organic framework emitter combining the proximity hybridization-induced catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) strategy and the quenching effect between the Ru-MOF and ferrocene for detecting paraquat (PQ). Through a simple hydrothermal synthesis strategy, ruthenium and 2,2'-bipyrimidine (bpm) are head-to-head self-assembled to obtain a novel tightest structural Ru-MOF. Due to the metal-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) effect between ruthenium and the bpm ligand and the connectivity between the internal chromophore units, the Ru-MOF exhibits strong ECL emissions. Meanwhile, the coordination-driven Ru-MOF utilizes strong metal-organic coordination bonds as building blocks, which effectively solves the problem of serious leakage of chromophores caused by water solubility. The sensitive analysis of PQ is realized in the range of 1 pg/mL to 1 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.352 pg/mL. The tightest structural Ru-MOF driven by the coordination of ruthenium and bridging ligands (2,2'-bipyrimidine, bpm) provides new horizons for exploring high-performance MOF-based ECL probes for quantitative analysis of biomarkers.

Design of an all-optical multi-logic operation-integrated metamaterial-based terahertz logic gate.

Terahertz logic gates play a vital role in optical signal processing and terahertz digitization. Herein, a strategy to design an all-optical terahertz logic gate device composed of metamaterials with a semiconductor-metal hybrid is proposed; accordingly, a concrete logic gate composed of Ge embedded-in Au stripe supported by a Si board is presented theoretically. Simulation results reveal the dependence of the terahertz transmission spectra on the different illuminations in the device. Based on the illumination-transmission response, the designed device can realize the NOR or OR Boolean operation. The effects of the width of the Ge-Au stripe as well as the Si board on the transmission spectra and logic performance were also investigated.

Pyopneumothorax from coinfection by Trichomonas tenax and Geotrichum capitatum in a child from China: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Trichomonas tenax may appear in the oral cavity of humans due to poor dentition or oral hygiene. Pyopneumothorax is a serious complication of lower respiratory tract infections that very rarely can be caused by a trichomonad species in predisposed individuals. We report a rare case of pleurisy due to T. tenax with coinfection by a fungus. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a 16-year-old patient with cerebral palsy who presented with severe pyopneumothorax. T. tenax was identified by microscopic examination of the pleural effusion and next-generation sequencing. We also identified Geotrichum capitatum in the pleural effusion and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cultures. Treatment with voriconazole and metronidazole successfully eliminated these pathogens and relieved the clinical symptoms. A literature review indicated this is the first reported case of pleurisy due to T. tenax with coinfection by a fungus. CONCLUSION: The rarity of pyopneumothorax caused by T. tenax coinfection with a fungus should not be overlooked in the clinic. These patients should be and treated in a timely manner.

[Clinical features of children with influenza and plastic bronchitis: an analysis of 63 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features of children with influenza and plastic bronchitis (PB). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 63 children with influenza and PB, including clinical manifestations, laboratory examination results, imaging findings, treatment, and outcome. RESULTS: Among the 63 children, there were 52 boys (83%) and 11 girls (17%), and 42 children had influenza A and 21 had influenza B. Among these children, 38 (60%) aged 3-6 years, and 15 (24%) had underlying diseases. The main clinical manifestations were high fever (90%), cough (95%), and shortness of breath (73%). Twenty-four children (38%) were found to have atelectasis by imaging examination. Auscultation showed that 16 children (25%) had no rales in the lungs. Of all children, 41 were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 32 required mechanical ventilation. All children underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy and alveolar lavage. Among the 63 children, 60 recovered and 3 died. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza with PB is often observed in boys and preschool children. For influenza children with shortness of breath, even if there is no atelectasis on chest X-ray or no rales are found by auscultation, the possibility of PB still needs to be considered.

Continuous spike-waves during slow-wave sleep in a mouse model of focal cortical dysplasia.

OBJECTIVE: To examine if mice with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) develop spontaneous epileptic seizures and, if so, determine the key electroencephalography (EEG) features. METHODS: Unilateral single freeze lesions to the S1 region (SFLS1R) were made in postnatal day 0-1 pups to induce a neocortical microgyrus in the right cortical hemisphere. Continuous 24-h recordings with intracranial EEG electrodes and behavioral tests were performed in adult SFLS1R and sham-control mice to assess neurologic status. RESULTS: A high percentage of adult SFLS1R animals (89%, 40/45) exhibited at least one or more spontaneous nonconvulsive seizure events over the course of 24 h. Of these animals, 60% (27/45) presented with a chronic seizure state that was persistent throughout the recording session, consisting of bursts of rhythmic high-amplitude spike-wave activities and primarily occurring during periods of slow-wave sleep. In comparison, none of the control, age-matched, mice (0/12) developed seizures. The epileptic discharge pattern closely resembled a pattern of continuous spike-waves during slow-wave sleep (CSWS) of the human syndrome described as an electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep (ESES). Key findings in the SFLS1R model indicated that the observed CSWS (1) were more prevalent in female (18/23) versus male (9/22, p < 0.05), (2) were strongest in the right S1 region although generalized to other brain regions, (3) were associated with significant cognitive and behavioral deficits, (4) were temporarily alleviated by ethosuximide treatment or optogenetic activation of cortical γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons, and (5) theta and alpha band rhythms may play a key role in the generalization of spike-wave activities. SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first report of an in vivo animal FCD model that induces chronic spontaneous electrographic brain seizures. Further characterization of the abnormal oscillations in this mouse model may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of CSWS/ESES.

CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE G2 regulates salinity stress response and salt mediated flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Cyclin-dependent protein kinases are involved in many crucial cellular processes and aspects of plant growth and development, but their precise roles in abiotic stress responses are largely unknown. Here, Arabidopsis thaliana CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE G2 (CDKG2) was shown to act as a negative regulator of the salinity stress response, as well as being involved in the control of flowering time. GUS expression experiments based on a pCDKG2::GUS transgene suggested that CDKG2 was expressed throughout plant development, with especially high expression levels recorded in the seed and in the flower. The loss-of-function of CDKG2 led to an increased tolerance of salinity stress and the up-regulation of the known stress-responsive genes SOS1, SOS2, SOS3, NHX3, RD29B, ABI2, ABI3, MYB15 and P5CS1. Flowering was accelerated in the cdkg2 mutants via the repression of FLC and the consequent up-regulation of FT, SOC1, AP1 and LFY. Transgenic lines constitutively expressing CDKG2 showed greater sensitivity to salinity stress and were delayed in flowering. Furthermore, the CDKG2 genotype affected the response of flowering time to salinity stress. Our data connect CDKG2 to undescribed functions related to salt stress tolerance and flowering time through the regulation of specific target genes.

Distinct balance of excitation and inhibition in an interareal feedforward and feedback circuit of mouse visual cortex.

Mouse visual cortex is subdivided into multiple distinct, hierarchically organized areas that are interconnected through feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) pathways. The principal synaptic targets of FF and FB axons that reciprocally interconnect primary visual cortex (V1) with the higher lateromedial extrastriate area (LM) are pyramidal cells (Pyr) and parvalbumin (PV)-expressing GABAergic interneurons. Recordings in slices of mouse visual cortex have shown that layer 2/3 Pyr cells receive excitatory monosynaptic FF and FB inputs, which are opposed by disynaptic inhibition. Most notably, inhibition is stronger in the FF than FB pathway, suggesting pathway-specific organization of feedforward inhibition (FFI). To explore the hypothesis that this difference is due to diverse pathway-specific strengths of the inputs to PV neurons we have performed subcellular Channelrhodopsin-2-assisted circuit mapping in slices of mouse visual cortex. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained from retrobead-labeled FF(V1→LM)- and FB(LM→V1)-projecting Pyr cells, as well as from tdTomato-expressing PV neurons. The results show that the FF(V1→LM) pathway provides on average 3.7-fold stronger depolarizing input to layer 2/3 inhibitory PV neurons than to neighboring excitatory Pyr cells. In the FB(LM→V1) pathway, depolarizing inputs to layer 2/3 PV neurons and Pyr cells were balanced. Balanced inputs were also found in the FF(V1→LM) pathway to layer 5 PV neurons and Pyr cells, whereas FB(LM→V1) inputs to layer 5 were biased toward Pyr cells. The findings indicate that FFI in FF(V1→LM) and FB(LM→V1) circuits are organized in a pathway- and lamina-specific fashion.

Expert consensus on Prospective Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies for Osteoporotic Fractures.

Osteoporotic fractures are the most severe complications of osteoporosis, characterized by poor bone quality, difficult realignment and fixation, slow fracture healing, and a high risk of recurrence. Clinically managing these fractures is relatively challenging, and in the context of rapid aging, they pose significant social hazards. The rapid advancement of disciplines such as biophysics and biochemistry brings new opportunities for future medical diagnosis and treatment. However, there has been limited attention to precision diagnosis and treatment strategies for osteoporotic fractures both domestically and internationally. In response to this, the Chinese Medical Association Orthopaedic Branch Youth Osteoporosis Group, Chinese Geriatrics Society Geriatric Orthopaedics Committee, Chinese Medical Doctor Association Orthopaedic Physicians Branch Youth Committee Osteoporosis Group, and Shanghai Association of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Osteoporosis Professional Committee have collaborated to develop this consensus. It aims to elucidate emerging technologies that may play a pivotal role in both diagnosis and treatment, advocating for clinicians to embrace interdisciplinary approaches and incorporate these new technologies into their practice. Ultimately, the goal is to improve the prognosis and quality of life for elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures.

[Clinical and imaging analysis of neurological complications in critically ill children infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize clinical predictors and imaging characteristics of critically ill children infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron with neurological complications in Shenzhen during the peak of the first round of infections. METHODS: The clinical data of 11 critically ill children with neurological complications infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in Shenzhen Children's Hospital from December 12 to 31, 2022, were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Laboratory test results related to liver parenchymal injury, histiocytic injury, inflammation, and coagulation function were collected, and imaging characteristics including CT and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were analyzed. The differences in CT/MRI score, acute necrotizing encephalopathy severity scale (ANE-SS) score and total score (CT/MRI score + ANE-SS score) were compared between the two groups with different prognosis during hospitation. RESULTS: Among 11 children, 7 were male and 4 were female. The age ranged from 10 months to 16 years. There were 5 cases of acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) and 6 cases of acute fulminant cerebral edema (AFCE). During hospitalization, 3 patients survived and 8 patients died of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), including 2 cases of ANE and 6 cases of AFCE. All cases had fever (> 38.5 centigrade), and 3 cases had ultra-high fever (> 41 centigrade). Within 48 hours of onset, all cases had disorders of consciousness and 9 cases had seizures. The 8 dead children had complications with multisystem involvement, including shock, respiratory failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), liver failure, renal failure or myocardial damage, and the laboratory predictors related to hepatocellular injury [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)], histocyte injury [creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)], inflammation [procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum ferritin (SF)], coagulation function (D-dimer) and blood glucose (Glu) increased in different quantities, of which PCT was specifically increased in 6 cases with AFCE, PLT was specifically decreased in 3 cases with AFCE, and ALT and LDH were significantly increased in 2 cases with ANE. Imaging analysis showed subarachnoid hemorrhage, basal ganglia and thalamus lesions in all 6 cases with AFCE, while thalamus lesions in all 5 cases with ANE. The ANE-SS score of 8 deceased children ranged from 2 to 7 (of which 6 cases were ≥ 5), and the ANE-SS score of 3 surviving children ranged from 0 to 2. Eight dead children had a CT/MRI score of 1-4 (of which 6 cases were 4), and 3 surviving children had a CT/MRI score of 1-2 (of which 2 cases were 1). The total score of 8 deceased children was 6-10 (of which 6 cases ≥ 8), and 3 surviving children was 1-4. CONCLUSIONS: The neurological complications of critically ill children infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in Shenzhen progressed rapidly to ANE and AFCE, with high mortality. High fever (> 40 centigrade), convulsion/disturbance of consciousness, and multiple organ failure were the most common symptoms in ANE and AFCE cases. PCT increased and PLT decreased specifically in AFCE cases. Poor prognosis (death) was more common in age < 4 years old, predictors of ALT, AST, CK, LDH, PCT, D-dimer, Glu, IL-6 increased significantly, PLT decreased significantly. The common imaging feature of ANE and AFCE is the involvement of dorsal thalamus, a new imaging sign of AFCE (subarachnoid hemorrhage) was found. The higher the ANE-SS score, CT/MRI score and total score, the greater the risk of death.

A novel photoelectrochemical strategy for sequence-spot bispecific analysis of N6-methyladenosine modification based on proximity ligation-triggered cascade amplification.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification as the most prevalent mammalian RNA internal modification has been considered as the invasive biomarkers in clinical diagnosis and biological mechanism researches. It is still challenged to explore m6A functions due to technical limitations on base- and location-resolved m6A modification. Herein, we firstly proposed a sequence-spot bispecific photoelectrochemical (PEC) strategy based on in situ hybridization mediated proximity ligation assay for m6A RNA characterization with high sensitivity and accuracy. Firstly, the target m6A methylated RNA could be transferred to the exposed cohesive terminus of H1 based on the special self-designed auxiliary proximity ligation assay (PLA) with sequence-spot bispecific recognition. The exposed cohesive terminus of H1 could furtherly trigger the next catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) amplification and in situ exponential nonlinear hyperbranched hybridization chain reaction for highly sensitive monitoring of m6A methylated RNA. Compared with conventional technologies, the proposed sequence-spot bispecific PEC strategy for m6A methylation of special RNA based on proximity ligation-triggered in situ nHCR performed improved sensitivity and selectivity with a detection limit of 53 fM, providing new insights into highly sensitive monitoring m6A methylation of RNA in bioassay, disease diagnosis and RNA mechanism.

Superior colliculus cell types bidirectionally modulate choice activity in frontal cortex.

Action selection occurs through competition between potential choice options. Neural correlates of choice competition are observed across frontal cortex and downstream superior colliculus (SC) during decision-making, yet how these regions interact to mediate choice competition remains unresolved. Here we report that cell types within SC can bidirectionally modulate choice competition and drive choice activity in frontal cortex. In the mouse, topographically matched regions of frontal cortex and SC formed a descending motor pathway for directional licking and a re-entrant loop via the thalamus. During decision-making, distinct neuronal populations in both frontal cortex and SC encoded opposing lick directions and exhibited push-pull dynamics. SC GABAergic neurons encoded ipsilateral choice and glutamatergic neurons encoded contralateral choice, and activating or suppressing these cell types could bidirectionally drive push-pull choice activity in frontal cortex. These results thus identify SC as a major locus to modulate choice competition within the broader action selection network.

Superior colliculus bidirectionally modulates choice activity in frontal cortex.

Action selection occurs through competition between potential choice options. Neural correlates of choice competition are observed across frontal cortex and downstream superior colliculus (SC) during decision-making, yet how these regions interact to mediate choice competition remains unresolved. Here we report that SC can bidirectionally modulate choice competition and drive choice activity in frontal cortex. In the mouse, topographically matched regions of frontal cortex and SC formed a descending motor pathway for directional licking and a re-entrant loop via the thalamus. During decision-making, distinct neuronal populations in both frontal cortex and SC encoded opposing lick directions and exhibited competitive interactions. SC GABAergic neurons encoded ipsilateral choice and locally inhibited glutamatergic neurons that encoded contralateral choice. Activating or suppressing these cell types could bidirectionally drive choice activity in frontal cortex. These results thus identify SC as a major locus to modulate choice competition within the broader action selection network.

Ultrasensitive quantitation of Paraquat based on a small molecule-induced dual-cycle amplification strategy.

Paraquat (PQ) is a typical biotoxic small molecule. Knowledge of how to directly introduce it into cyclic amplification rather than transform it into a secondary target is lacking in current analytical methods. Considering the urgent need for trace pesticide residue detection and the inherent defects of small molecule analysis, a CRISPR/Cas12a-driven small molecule-induced dual-cycle strategy was developed based on the immune competition method. The key to signal amplification is the mutual activation and acceleration between Cycle 1 triggered by the small molecule and Cycle 2 driven by CRISPR/Cas12a. Impressively, small molecules have been successfully incorporated into the dual-cycle strategy, which achieves a low detection limit (3.1 pg/mL) and a wide linear range (from 10 pg/mL to 50 µg/mL). Moreover, the designed biosensor was successfully employed to evaluate the PQ residual level in real samples and showed effective implementation for the bioanalysis of small molecule targets and pesticide residue-related food safety.

Modulation of thalamic auditory neurons by the primary auditory cortex.

The central auditory system consists of the lemniscal and nonlemniscal pathways or systems, which are anatomically and physiologically different from each other. In the thalamus, the ventral division of the medial geniculate body (MGBv) belongs to the lemniscal system, whereas its medial (MGBm) and dorsal (MGBd) divisions belong to the nonlemniscal system. Lemniscal neurons are sharply frequency-tuned and provide highly frequency-specific information to the primary auditory cortex (AI), whereas nonlemniscal neurons are generally broadly frequency-tuned and project widely to cortical auditory areas including AI. These two systems are presumably different not only in auditory signal processing, but also in eliciting cortical plastic changes. Electric stimulation of narrowly frequency-tuned MGBv neurons evokes the shift of the frequency-tuning curves of AI neurons toward the tuning curves of the stimulated MGBv neurons (tone-specific plasticity). In contrast, electric stimulation of broadly frequency-tuned MGBm neurons augments the auditory responses of AI neurons and broadens their frequency-tuning curves (nonspecific plasticity). In our current studies, we found that electric stimulation of AI evoked tone-specific plastic changes of the MGBv neurons, whereas it degraded the frequency tuning of MGBm neurons by inhibiting their auditory responses. AI apparently modulates the lemniscal and nonlemniscal thalamic neurons in quite different ways. High MGBm activity presumably makes AI neurons less favorable for fine auditory signal processing, whereas high MGBv activity makes AI neurons more suitable for fine processing of specific auditory signals and reduces MGBm activity.

[Clinical application of cardiac output monitoring in children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease].

OBJECTIVE: Significant cardiac dysfunction has been found in children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease and heart failure is the major cause of death in these patients. Evaluation of cardiac function is essential for the treatment of severe cases. This study evaluated the clinical value of cardiac output monitoring in children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease. METHODS: A total of 107 children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit from April 2011 to September 2011 were enrolled and divided into three groups by clinical stage: 73 cases in stage 2, 23 cases in stage 3 and 11 cases in stage 4. Cardiac output and stroke volume were measured by ultrasonic cardiac output monitors (USCOM). Ninety-five children received MRI scanning and were grouped according to the results of MRI: 41 cases (medulla oblongata involvements in 9 cases) in abnormal MRI group and 54 cases in normal MRI group. Cardiac output was compared between the children in different clinical stages and between different MRI results. RESULTS: Compared with children in clinical stages 2 and 3, cardiac output in children in clinical stage 4 decreased significantly (P<0.05). There was no differences in cardiac output between the normal and abnormal MRI groups, however cardiac output was significantly lower in children with medulla oblongata involvement than in those with other involvements and normal MRI. CONCLUSIONS: Significant decrease in cardiac output suggests critical conditions and medulla oblongata cardiovascular center involvement in children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease. Dynamic measurement of cardiac output is valuable for treatment of the disease.

Thalamus-driven functional populations in frontal cortex support decision-making.

Neurons in frontal cortex exhibit diverse selectivity representing sensory, motor and cognitive variables during decision-making. The neural circuit basis for this complex selectivity remains unclear. We examined activity mediating a tactile decision in mouse anterior lateral motor cortex in relation to the underlying circuits. Contrary to the notion of randomly mixed selectivity, an analysis of 20,000 neurons revealed organized activity coding behavior. Individual neurons exhibited prototypical response profiles that were repeatable across mice. Stimulus, choice and action were coded nonrandomly by distinct neuronal populations that could be delineated by their response profiles. We related distinct selectivity to long-range inputs from somatosensory cortex, contralateral anterior lateral motor cortex and thalamus. Each input connects to all functional populations but with differing strength. Task selectivity was more strongly dependent on thalamic inputs than cortico-cortical inputs. Our results suggest that the thalamus drives subnetworks within frontal cortex coding distinct features of decision-making.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Improves the Survival and Angiogenesis of Fat Grafts after Autologous Fat Transplantation.

Objective: Currently, autologous fat transplantation (AFT) still has a low graft survival rate. Elevation of the AFT graft survival rate is a challenge. This study investigated the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on AFT. Methods: Twelve adult male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups after AFT: the control group (n = 6) and the HBO group (n = 6). The rats were killed at 7, 14, and 28 days after transplantation to take the transplanted adipose tissues. The volume and weight of the tissues were detected. The pathological changes in the adipose tissues were observed after H&E staining. Microvessel density and levels of transforming growth factor- (TGF-) ß, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the transplanted adipose tissues were measured with CD31 immunohistochemical stain, ELISA, and biochemical reagents, respectively. Additionally, the protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor- (VEGF-) A and platelet-derived growth factor- (PDGF) A in the adipose tissues were detected by Western blot. Results: HBO significantly preserved the volume and weight of the transplanted adipose tissue (p < 0.01) and maintained the pathological structure of the transplanted adipose tissue. HBO therapy was effective in reducing inflammatory factor (TGF-ß and TNF-α) levels and oxidative stress (MDA) in the transplanted adipose tissue (p < 0.01) and significantly increased the level of CD31 and angiogenesis-related factors including VEGF-A and PDGF-A (p < 0.01) to promote angiogenesis. Conclusion: HBO therapy regulated the immune response of fat grafts, stimulated their angiogenesis, and ultimately promoted their survival after AFT.

Continuous renal replacement therapy combined with double filtration plasmapheresis in the treatment of severe lupus complicated by serious bacterial infections in children: A case report.

There are few reports available on the combination therapy of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated by severe bacterial infections, especially in children. A 14-year-old female child with recurrent SLE complicated by severe sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was administered CRRT combined with DFPP for blood purification in addition to routine immunosuppressant therapy. The changes in autoantibodies, cytokines, and coagulation function indexes of the patient before and after treatment were compared to explore the effect of such therapy on progression and prognosis. After DFPP therapy, significant decreases in the levels of double-stranded DNA antibody, cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and procalcitonin (PCT) were observed. Fibrinogen (Fib) decreased and needed to be replenished following DFPP. After CRRT combined with DFPP, the patient began to urinate sparingly (urine volume was < 50 mL/day) at the seventh week, the urine volume was > 400 mL/day (up to 560 mL/day) at the ninth week (63 days), and the urine volume was >1,000 mL/day at the tenth week, at which time the renal function had fully recovered. DFPP may reduce the plasma Fib concentration, which needs to be replenished in a timely manner. CRRT combined with DFPP shows efficacy in patients with SLE, but the coagulation function requires close monitoring.

Expert consensus on the bone repair strategy for osteoporotic fractures in China.

Osteoporotic fractures, also known as fragility fractures, are prevalent in the elderly and bring tremendous social burdens. Poor bone quality, weak repair capacity, instability, and high failure rate of internal fixation are main characteristics of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporotic bone defects are common and need to be repaired by appropriate materials. Proximal humerus, distal radius, tibia plateau, calcaneus, and spine are common osteoporotic fractures with bone defect. Here, the consensus from the Osteoporosis Group of Chinese Orthopaedic Association concentrates on the epidemiology, characters, and management strategies of common osteoporotic fractures with bone defect to standardize clinical practice in bone repair of osteoporotic fractures.

Internal field distribution measurement in 1-D strongly anisotropic sub-wavelength periodic structures of finite length.

We report measurements of the internal field intensity distribution in finite length one dimensional strongly anisotropic sub-wavelength periodic structures in the vicinity of the photonic band gap (PBG) edge. The strong in-plane anisotropy of more than 10% index contrast is obtained via form birefringent sub-wavelength gratings. The structures have a period of less than half the wavelength. Depending on the excitation frequency, both standing wave and evanescent Bloch modes can be identified and observed experimentally. The field enhancement near the PBG edge is confirmed also but at a significantly reduced strength attributed to the small but finite material loss.