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1.
Physiol Plant ; 176(3): e14292, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38685817

RESUMEN

Tracer injection has long been recognized as a valuable tool for delineating tree hydraulics and assessing water transport pathways. Recently, isotope tracers have emerged as innovative instruments for investigating tree hydraulics, providing new insights into tree water dynamics. Nevertheless, there is a critical need for further research to comprehensively grasp water movement and distribution within trees. A previously introduced technique for analyzing the isotopic ratio of water in wet tissues, offering millimeter-scale resolution for visualizing tracer movement, faces challenges due to its underdeveloped sample preparation techniques. In this study, we introduced an H2 18O tracer into S. gracilistyla samples, exclusively comprising indeterminate roots, stems, and leaves, cultivated through hydroponics and grown within the current year. Our objective was to assess the axial distribution of the tracer in the xylem. Additionally, we devised a novel method for preparing frozen wet tissue samples, enhancing the repeatability and success rate of experiments. The results demonstrated that all frozen wet tissue samples exhibited an average water loss rate of less than 0.6%. Isotopic analysis of these samples unveiled a consistent decline in tracer concentration with increasing height in all Salix specimens, with three out of five samples revealing a significant isotope gradient. Our findings affirm the efficacy and practicality of combining isotopic labeling with freezing, stabilization, and preparation techniques. Looking ahead, our isotopic labeling and analysis methods are poised to transcend woody plants, finding extensive applications in plant physiology and ecohydrology.


Asunto(s)
Congelación , Isótopos de Oxígeno , Árboles , Agua , Xilema , Isótopos de Oxígeno/análisis , Agua/metabolismo , Árboles/metabolismo , Xilema/metabolismo , Xilema/química , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/química , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/química , Marcaje Isotópico/métodos , Tallos de la Planta/química , Tallos de la Planta/metabolismo
2.
Plant J ; 108(3): 725-736, 2021 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34396622

RESUMEN

Cell walls, especially secondary cell walls (SCWs), maintain cell shape and reinforce wood, but their structure and shape can be altered in response to gravity. In hardwood trees, tension wood is formed along the upper side of a bending stem and contains wood fiber cells that have a gelatinous layer (G-layer) inside the SCW. In a previous study, we generated nst/snd quadruple-knockout aspens (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides), in which SCW formation was impaired in 99% of the wood fiber cells. In the present study, we produced nst/snd triple-knockout aspens, in which a large number of wood fibers had thinner SCWs than the wild type (WT) and some had no SCW. Because SCW layers are always formed prior to G-layer deposition, the nst/snd mutants raise interesting questions of whether the mutants can form G-layers without SCW and whether they can control their postures in response to changes in gravitational direction. The nst/snd mutants and the WT plants showed growth eccentricity and vessel frequency reduction when grown on an incline, but the triple mutants recovered their upright growth only slightly, and the quadruple mutants were unable to maintain their postures. The mutants clearly showed that the G-layers were formed in SCW-containing wood fibers but not in those lacking the SCW. Our results indicate that SCWs are essential for G-layer formation and posture control. Furthermore, each wood fiber cell may be able to recognize its cell wall developmental stage to initiate the formation of the G-layer as a response to gravistimulation.


Asunto(s)
Pared Celular/química , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Populus/citología , Madera/anatomía & histología , Pared Celular/metabolismo , Gelatina/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Gravitación , Mutación , Fenotipo , Células Vegetales , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Populus/genética , Madera/citología , Madera/genética
3.
Cytokine ; 136: 155221, 2020 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32828064

RESUMEN

ANCA-associated RPGN leads to renal failure through systemic vasculitis and diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis. MPO-ANCA-RPGN patients are highly susceptible to infections. Our aim in this study was to uncover reasons why these patients were susceptible to infections. We analyzed various aspects of type I interferon system including HVJ-stimulated IFN-α producing capacity and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) number in whole blood in MPO-ANCA-RPGN patients. Compared with healthy subjects, MPO-ANCA-RPGN patients showed impaired HVJ-stimulated IFN-α producing capacity and lower pDC number with or without glucocorticoid treatment. Immuno-histological staining of MPO-ANCA-RPGN kidney samples revealed a few but apparent pDC in T cell infiltrating regions even in patients with low pDC number in their peripheral blood. Patients' low HVJ-stimulated IFN-α producing capacity and pDC numbers persisted even after patients underwent several years of treatment. Former infection was determined using patients' serum BPI, Lamp-2 and Calprotectin, since they are reflective of a history of infection. These markers were higher in MPO-ANCA-RPGN patients than in healthy subjects. These results indicate that impaired HVJ-stimulated IFN-α production as well as dysfunction of the IFN system might have resulted from a previous bout of infection and can be partially implicated in patients' long-term susceptibility and vulnerability to infection.


Asunto(s)
Vasculitis Asociada a Anticuerpos Citoplasmáticos Antineutrófilos/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Interferón-alfa/inmunología , Virus Sendai/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Vasculitis Asociada a Anticuerpos Citoplasmáticos Antineutrófilos/sangre , Anticuerpos Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/sangre , Anticuerpos Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Femenino , Humanos , Interferón-alfa/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Virus Sendai/metabolismo
4.
Chron Respir Dis ; 17: 1479973120909840, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32141310

RESUMEN

Recent studies have suggested that an increased peripheral monocyte count predicts a poor outcome in fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, the association between an increased monocyte count and acute exacerbations (AEs) of fibrosing ILD remains to be elucidated. Our retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the impact of peripheral monocyte count on AEs of fibrosing ILD. We analyzed the electronic medical records of 122 consecutive patients with fibrosing ILD and no prior history of an AE, who were treated with anti-fibrotic agents from August 2015 to December 2018. We determined their peripheral monocyte counts at anti-fibrotic agent initiation and performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of time-to-first AE after anti-fibrotic agent initiation to assess the impact of monocyte count on AEs of fibrosing ILD. Twenty-six patients developed an AE during the follow-up period, and there was an increased monocyte count at anti-fibrotic agent initiation in these patients compared to those who did not develop an AE. There was also a significantly shorter time-to-first AE of fibrosing ILD in patients with a higher absolute monocyte count. Subgroup analyses indicated similar results regardless of the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis diagnoses. This association was independently significant after adjusting for the severity of the fibrosing ILD. Using our results, we developed a simple scoring system consisting of two factors-monocyte count (<>380 µL-1) and ILD-gender, age, physiology score (<>4 points). Our findings suggest that the absolute monocyte count is an independent significant risk factor for AE in patients with fibrosing ILD. Our simple scoring system may be a predictor for AEs of fibrosing ILD, although further studies are needed to verify our findings.


Asunto(s)
Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática , Recuento de Leucocitos , Monocitos , Brote de los Síntomas , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Registros Electrónicos de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/sangre , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/epidemiología , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/fisiopatología , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/terapia , Japón/epidemiología , Recuento de Leucocitos/métodos , Recuento de Leucocitos/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad
5.
BMC Pulm Med ; 19(1): 113, 2019 Jun 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31238929

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Here, we present real-world data on the incidence and risk factors of acute exacerbation (AE) in patients with chronic fibrotic interstitial pneumonia (CFIP) treated with antifibrotic agents, which has been previously poorly documented. METHODS: We retrospectively examined clinical characteristics, incidence and risk factors of AE in a cohort of 100 patients with CFIP (n = 75, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [IPF]; n = 25, other conditions), all of whom received antifibrotic agents in a real-world setting. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 17.4 months (interquartile range [IQR], 6.6 to 26.7 months). During the follow-up periods, 21 patients experienced AE after starting antifibrotic agents. The estimated 1-, 2-, and 3-year AE incidence rates were 11.4% (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 6.2-20.3%), 32% (95%CI, 20.7-47.4%), and 36.3% (95%CI 23.5-53.1%), respectively. Decreased baseline lung function (forced vital capacity and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lung), existence of pulmonary hypertension estimated from an echocardiogram, higher Interstitial Lung Disease-Gender, Age, and Physiology (ILD-GAP) score, supplementary oxygen, and concomitant corticosteroid and proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) use upon starting the antifibrotic agent were risk factors of AE. Concomitant corticosteroid and PPI use and corticosteroid dose were risk factor of AE in a multivariate Cox regression hazard model adjusting for ILD-GAP score. CONCLUSION: AE of CFIP is more common in patients with physiologically and functionally advanced disease under antifibrotic agents. Prudent use of corticosteroids and PPIs when initiating antifibrotic agents may be recommended. Further studies are warranted.


Asunto(s)
Progresión de la Enfermedad , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/diagnóstico , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Capacidad Vital , Enfermedad Aguda , Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/fisiopatología , Incidencia , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Pronóstico , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X
6.
J Plant Res ; 131(2): 261-269, 2018 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29063345

RESUMEN

This study evaluated variation in the height at which absent rings and internodes were detected along stem of Abies sachalinensis trees grown under shade for 39 years. Eight sample trees planted in 1974 under a secondary forest in Japan were felled in 2013 and analyzed. A. sachalinensis is a monopodial species in which it is possible to measure annual apical growth using the distinct internodes. We applied microscopic analysis on 154 stem disks from the stem base to the top to evaluate the cessation of apical and radial growth caused by intensive shading. Cessation of apical stem growth for one or more years was found in 6 out of 8 sample trees. We termed this phenomenon as "absent internode". In addition, the absent growth rings were detected more frequently in the lower part of sample stems, and the number of absent rings at the stem base did not correspond with the number of absent internodes in the six trees. From cellular level observation, the five suppressed trees had no living cambial cells at the stem base but had living cells at the stem top. The cessation of the apical and radial growth did not occur synchronously but did occur independently under a shade environment in A. sachalinensis.


Asunto(s)
Abies/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cámbium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tallos de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Luz Solar , Bosques , Japón , Estaciones del Año , Árboles/crecimiento & desarrollo
7.
J Plant Res ; 131(5): 817-825, 2018 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29936574

RESUMEN

The suppression of apical growth and radial trunk growth in trees under shade is a key factor in the competition mechanism among individuals in natural and artificial forests. However, the timing of apical and radial growth suppression after shading and the physiological processes involved have not been evaluated precisely. Twenty-one Abies sachalinensis seedlings of 5-years-old were shaded artificially under a relative light intensity of 5% for 70 days from August 1, and the histological changes of the terminal bud and terminally lateral bud of terminal leader and the cambial zone of the trunk base were analyzed periodically. In shade-grown trees, cell death of the leaf primordia in a terminal bud of terminal leader was observed in one of the three samples after 56 and 70 days of shading, whereas the leaf primordia in a terminal bud of terminal leader in all open-grown trees survived until the end of the experiment. In addition, the leaf primordia of the terminally lateral buds of terminal leader retained their cell nuclei until the end of the experiment. No histological changes were observed in the cambial cells after shading, but the shade-grown trees had less cambial activity than the open-grown trees through the experiment. Strong shading appeared to inhibit the formation and survival of cells in the terminal bud of terminal leader rather than the terminally lateral buds of terminal leader and the cambium. The suppression of the terminal bud growth and elongation of the surviving lateral buds would result in an umbrella-shaped crown under shade.


Asunto(s)
Abies/crecimiento & desarrollo , Abies/anatomía & histología , Abies/efectos de la radiación , Cámbium/anatomía & histología , Cámbium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cámbium/efectos de la radiación , Luz , Meristema/anatomía & histología , Meristema/crecimiento & desarrollo , Meristema/efectos de la radiación , Hojas de la Planta/anatomía & histología , Hojas de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hojas de la Planta/efectos de la radiación , Plantones/anatomía & histología , Plantones/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plantones/efectos de la radiación , Árboles
8.
BMC Pulm Med ; 17(1): 94, 2017 Jun 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28629448

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Acute exacerbation (AE) of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal condition without an established pharmaceutical treatment. Most patients are treated with high-dose corticosteroids and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Azithromycin is a macrolide with immunomodulatory activity and may be beneficial for treatment of acute lung injury. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of azithromycin on survival of patients with idiopathic AE of IPF. METHODS: We evaluated 85 consecutive patients hospitalized in our department for idiopathic AE of IPF from April 2005 to August 2016. The initial 47 patients were treated with a fluoroquinolone-based regimen (control group), and the following 38 consecutive patients were treated with azithromycin (500 mg/day) for 5 days. Idiopathic AE of IPF was defined using the criteria established by the 2016 International Working Group. RESULTS: Mortality in patients treated with azithromycin was significantly lower than in those treated with fluoroquinolones (azithromycin, 26% vs. control, 70%; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the two variables were independently correlated with 60-day mortality as determined by the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (p = 0.002) and azithromycin use (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Azithromycin may improve survival in patients with idiopathic AE of IPF.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Azitromicina/uso terapéutico , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/tratamiento farmacológico , APACHE , Enfermedad Aguda , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Fluoroquinolonas/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia , Brote de los Síntomas
9.
Cureus ; 16(1): e53073, 2024 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38410324

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: We aimed to develop algorithms to identify patients with acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia and acute interstitial lung diseases using Japanese administrative data. METHODS: This single-center validation study examined diagnostic algorithm accuracies. We included patients >18 years old with at least one claim that was a candidate for acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia, acute interstitial lung diseases, and pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage who were admitted to our hospital between January 2016 and December 2021. Diagnoses of these conditions were confirmed by at least two respiratory physicians through a chart review. The positive predictive value was calculated for the created algorithms. RESULTS: Of the 1,109 hospitalizations analyzed, 285 and 243 were for acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia and acute interstitial lung diseases, respectively. As there were only five cases of pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage, we decided not to develop an algorithm for it. For acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia, acute interstitial lung diseases, and acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia or acute interstitial lung diseases, algorithms with high positive predictive value (0.82, 95% confidence interval: 0.76-0.86; 0.82, 0.74-0.88; and 0.89, 0.85-0.92, respectively) and algorithms with slightly inferior positive predictive value but more true positives (0.81, 0.75-0.85; 0.77, 0.71-0.83; and 0.85, 0.82-0.88, respectively) were developed. CONCLUSION: We developed algorithms with high positive predictive value for identifying patients with acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia and acute interstitial lung diseases, useful for future database studies on such patients using Japanese administrative data.

10.
Tree Physiol ; 43(8): 1326-1340, 2023 08 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37098160

RESUMEN

The dye injection method has been applied to many species to analyze the xylem water transport pathway in trees. However, traditional dye injection methods introduced dye tracers from the surface of cut stems, including several annual rings. Furthermore, the traditional dye injection method did not evaluate radial water movement from the outermost annual rings to the inner annual rings. In this study, we assessed the difference in radial water movement visualized by an injected dye, between stem base cut and current-year root cut samples of Salix gracilistyla Miq., with current-year roots grown hydroponically. The results showed that the number of stained annual rings in the root cut samples was smaller than that in the stem cut samples, and the percentage of stained vessels in the root cut samples was significantly smaller than that in the stem base cut samples in the second and third annual rings. In the current-year root cut samples, water transport mainly occurred in the outermost rings from the current-year roots to leaves. In addition, the theoretical hydraulic conductivity of stained vessels in the stem cut samples was higher in the current-year root cut samples in the second and third annual rings. These findings indicate that the previously reported dye injection method using stem cut samples overestimated the water transport pathway in the inner part of the stems. Moreover, previous hydraulic conductivity measurement methods might not have considered the effects of radial resistance through the annual ring boundary, and they might have overestimated the hydraulic conductivity in the inner annual rings.


Asunto(s)
Salix , Estudios Transversales , Transporte Biológico , Agua , Xilema
11.
J Immunol ; 184(12): 6670-9, 2010 Jun 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20483740

RESUMEN

The cytokine IL-15 and the inhibitor of DNA binding (Id)2, which negatively regulates the activity of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, have been shown to play key roles in NK cell development. Consistent with this, exogenous IL-15 added to human thymic progenitor cells stimulated their development into NK cells at the expense of T cells both in fetal thymic organ culture and in coculture with stromal cells expressing the Notch ligand Delta-like 1. Overexpression of Id2 in thymic progenitor cells stimulated NK cell development and blocked T cell development. This, in part, is attributed to inhibition of the transcriptional activity of the E protein HEB, which we show in this study is the only E protein that enhanced T cell development. Notably, Id2 increased a pool of lineage CD1a-CD5+ progenitor cells that in synergy with IL-15 furthered expansion and differentiation into NK cells. Taken together, our findings point to a dualistic function of Id2 in controlling T/NK cell lineage decisions; T cell development is impaired by Id2, most likely by sequestering HEB, whereas NK cell development is promoted by increasing a pool of CD1a-CD5+ NK cell progenitors, which together with IL-15 differentiate into mature NK cells.


Asunto(s)
Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/inmunología , Diferenciación Celular/inmunología , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/inmunología , Proteína 2 Inhibidora de la Diferenciación/inmunología , Interleucina-15/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/metabolismo , Linaje de la Célula/inmunología , Separación Celular , Citometría de Flujo , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteína 2 Inhibidora de la Diferenciación/metabolismo , Interleucina-15/metabolismo , Células Asesinas Naturales/citología , Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa
12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36078382

RESUMEN

(1) This study aimed to investigate the association between child abuse and oral habits in adolescents in Mongolia. (2) A cross-sectional survey was conducted with children and their caregivers in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Parents of 770 children enrolled in two public schools in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, completed questionnaires regarding the physical and psychological abuse that their children were subjected to and the presence of poor oral habits (biting nails/lips/pens and bruxism). Multivariable Poisson regression models were fitted with adjustment for age, gender, age of the mother, parental education, family income level, birth order, and living status with grandparents. (3) Biting nails/lips/pens and bruxism were reported by 39.0% and 17.5% of the respondents, respectively. Biting nails/lips/pens was significantly associated with physical abuse but was not significantly associated with psychological abuse (prevalence ratio, PR [95% confidence interval, CI]: 1.44 [1.07-1.95] and 1.34 [0.98-1.83], respectively). However, bruxism was not associated with physical or psychological abuse (PR [95% CI]: 1.16 [0.77-1.77] and 1.04 [0.68-1.61], respectively). (4) Child abuse was associated with biting habits among Mongolian adolescents.


Asunto(s)
Bruxismo , Maltrato a los Niños , Adolescente , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Hábitos , Humanos , Madres , Prevalencia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34770175

RESUMEN

Short root anomaly (SRA) is a dental anomaly with short dental roots and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. This study investigated the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and SRA in offspring. A survey was conducted on 558 children aged 8-16 years from two public schools in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. SRA was diagnosed using cases with a root-crown ratio of maxillary central incisors of ≤1.0. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess maternal lifestyle habits. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and SRA in offspring after adjusting for possible confounders. The prevalence of SRA in these children was 14.2%. Children whose mothers smoked from pregnancy to date were found to be 4.95 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.65-14.79) more likely to have SRA than those whose mothers never smoked, after adjusting for possible confounders. Additionally, children whose mothers had been exposed to passive smoking during pregnancy were found to be 1.86 times (95% CI: 1.02-3.40) more likely to have SRA than those whose mothers had not been exposed to passive smoke. Our population-based study suggests that maternal and passive smoking exposure during pregnancy can affect tooth root formation in children.


Asunto(s)
Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco , Femenino , Humanos , Madres , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/epidemiología , Fumar/efectos adversos , Fumar/epidemiología , Fumar Tabaco
14.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 2200, 2021 01 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33495492

RESUMEN

Rawanbuki, a variety of Japanese butterbur (Petasites japonicus subsp. giganteus), grow naturally along the Rawan River, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Most plants reach 2-3 m in height and 10 cm in diameter in 2 months and are much larger than those grown along other rivers. We examined the hypothesis that nutrients exported from upland streams enhance the growth of the Rawanbuki. Nutrient concentrations, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and base cations, in the Rawan River were much higher than those in rivers of adjacent watersheds. High nutrient concentrations and moisture contents were found in soil along the Rawan River and a significant relationship was found between physicochemical soil conditions and aboveground biomass of butterburs. This indicates that extremely large Rawanbuki plants could be caused by these high nutrient concentrations and moisture contents in the soils. A manipulation experiment showed that fertilization simulated the growth environment along the Rawan River and enhanced the stem height and stem diameter of butterburs. This study concluded that the extremely large butterburs are caused by a large amount of nutrients exported from upland areas. These results are the first demonstration of the role of stream water nutrients in enlarging agricultural crops.

15.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 20051, 2021 10 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34625618

RESUMEN

There have been no report of objective clinical characteristics or prognostic factors that predict fatal outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) since the Berlin definition was published. The aim of this study is to identify clinically available predictors that distinguish between two phenotypes of fatal ARDS due to pneumonia. In total, 104 cases of Japanese patients with pneumonia-induced ARDS were extracted from our prospectively collected database. Fatal cases were divided into early (< 7 days after diagnosis) and late (≥ 7 days) death groups, and clinical variables and prognostic factors were statistically evaluated. Of the 50 patients who died within 180 days, 18 (36%) and 32 (64%) were in the early (median 2 days, IQR [1, 5]) and late (median 16 days, IQR [13, 29]) death groups, respectively. According to multivariate regression analyses, the APACHE II score (HR 1.25, 95%CI 1.12-1.39, p < 0.001) and the disseminated intravascular coagulation score (HR 1.54, 95%CI 1.15-2.04, p = 0.003) were independent prognostic factors for early death. In contrast, late death was associated with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) score indicating early fibroproliferation (HR 1.28, 95%CI 1.13-1.42, p < 0.001) as well as the disseminated intravascular coagulation score (HR 1.24, 95%CI 1.01-1.52, p = 0.039). The extent of fibroproliferation on HRCT, and the APACHE II scores along with coagulation abnormalities, should be considered for use in predictive enrichment and personalized medicine for patients with ARDS due to pneumonia.


Asunto(s)
APACHE , Infecciones/fisiopatología , Fenotipo , Neumonía/complicaciones , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/mortalidad , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Masculino , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/diagnóstico por imagen , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia
16.
Asia Pac J Clin Oncol ; 16(2): e113-e117, 2020 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30506897

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are used to treat patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and EGFR driver mutations. Although some patients discontinued these treatments because of adverse events, it is unclear whether switching EGFR-TKI because of adverse events provides a benefit. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated data from 22 patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC who received at least two EGFR-TKIs that were switched because of adverse events (March 2011 to September 2017). Progression-free survival 2 (PFS2) was defined as the time from starting of the first EGFR-TKI treatment to disease progression during the second EGFR-TKI treatment. RESULTS: Seventeen patients received gefitinib as the first EGFR-TKI treatment, while four patients received afatinib and one patient received erlotinib. The median time to failure of the first EGFR-TKI treatment was 1.6 months. The EGFR-TKIs were switched because of hepatotoxicity (n = 16), interstitial lung disease (n = 3), and other reasons (n = 3). The median washout period was 1.1 months. Seventeen patients received erlotinib as the second EGFR-TKI treatment, while three patients received gefitinib and two patients received afatinib. The median PFS for the second EGFR-TKI treatment was 15.2 months. The median PFS2 was 17.7 months and the median overall survival was 32.8 months. CONCLUSIONS: Switching EGFR-TKIs because of adverse events provided a clinical benefit for patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC. Appropriate judgment regarding switching from one EGFR-TKI to another may improve the performance status and prognosis of patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/complicaciones , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/etiología , Receptores ErbB/efectos adversos , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inhibidores , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicaciones , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/efectos adversos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Estudios Retrospectivos
17.
Dev Cell ; 3(1): 63-74, 2002 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12110168

RESUMEN

A molecular oscillator regulates the pace of vertebrate segmentation. Here, we show that the oscillator (clock) controls cyclic initiation of transcription in the unsegmented presomitic mesoderm (PSM). We identify an evolutionarily conserved 2.3 kb region in the murine Lunatic fringe (Lfng) promoter that drives periodic expression in the PSM. This region includes conserved blocks required for enhancing and repressing cyclic Lfng transcription, and to prevent continued expression in formed somites. We also show that dynamic expression in the cycling PSM is lost in the total absence of Notch signaling, and that Notch signaling acts directly via CBF1/RBP-Jkappa binding sites to regulate Lfng. These results are consistent with a model in which oscillatory Notch signaling underlies the segmentation clock and directly activates and indirectly represses Lfng expression.


Asunto(s)
Relojes Biológicos/genética , Tipificación del Cuerpo/genética , Embrión de Mamíferos/embriología , Elementos de Facilitación Genéticos/genética , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Glicosiltransferasas/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Activación Transcripcional/genética , Animales , Proteínas Aviares , Embrión de Pollo , Embrión de Mamíferos/citología , Embrión de Mamíferos/metabolismo , Evolución Molecular , Genes Reporteros/genética , Glicosiltransferasas/metabolismo , Mesodermo/citología , Mesodermo/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Fragmentos de Péptidos/genética , Fragmentos de Péptidos/metabolismo , Periodicidad , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Unión Proteica/genética , Receptores Notch , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico , Transcripción Genética/fisiología , beta-Galactosidasa/genética , beta-Galactosidasa/metabolismo
18.
Mol Cell Biol ; 26(21): 8149-58, 2006 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16923959

RESUMEN

Vpr, the viral protein R of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, induces G(2) cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in mammalian cells via ATR (for "ataxia-telangiectasia-mediated and Rad3-related") checkpoint activation. The expression of Vpr induces the formation of the gamma-histone 2A variant X (H2AX) and breast cancer susceptibility protein 1 (BRCA1) nuclear foci, and a C-terminal domain is required for Vpr-induced ATR activation and its nuclear localization. However, the cellular target of Vpr, as well as the mechanism of G(2) checkpoint activation, was unknown. Here we report that Vpr induces checkpoint activation and G(2) arrest by binding to the CUS1 domain of SAP145 and interfering with the functions of the SAP145 and SAP49 proteins, two subunits of the multimeric splicing factor 3b (SF3b). Vpr interacts with and colocalizes with SAP145 through its C-terminal domain in a speckled distribution. The depletion of either SAP145 or SAP49 leads to checkpoint-mediated G(2) cell cycle arrest through the induction of nuclear foci containing gamma-H2AX and BRCA1. In addition, the expression of Vpr excludes SAP49 from the nuclear speckles and inhibits the formation of the SAP145-SAP49 complex. To conclude, these results point out the unexpected roles of the SAP145-SAP49 splicing factors in cell cycle progression and suggest that cellular expression of Vpr induces checkpoint activation and G(2) arrest by interfering with the function of SAP145-SAP49 complex in host cells.


Asunto(s)
Fase G2/fisiología , Productos del Gen vpr/metabolismo , VIH-1/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Subunidades de Proteína/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Ribonucleoproteína Nuclear Pequeña U2/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA1/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Productos del Gen vpr/genética , Genes cdc , Histonas/genética , Histonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Subunidades de Proteína/genética , Empalme del ARN , Factores de Empalme de ARN , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , ARN Interferente Pequeño/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Ribonucleoproteína Nuclear Pequeña U2/genética , Alineación de Secuencia , Técnicas del Sistema de Dos Híbridos , Productos del Gen vpr del Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana
19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31744054

RESUMEN

Tooth agenesis and disturbance of tooth eruption is the most prevalent oral defect, and is possibly caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. We hypothesized that prenatal factors may affect tooth development. The objective of this study was to examine whether smoking during pregnancy was associated with missing teeth in the offspring during adolescence. The study population comprised pregnant women and their children registered (N = 1052) at Koshu city, Japan. When the expectant mothers visited the city office for pregnancy registration, a survey was conducted to ascertain their lifestyle habits. Data on missing teeth in the children were obtained from the compulsory dental health checkup during junior high school years. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to assess the association between missing teeth and lifestyle habits. A total of 772 children were studied. The prevalence of missing teeth in these children was 4.9%. Children whose mothers smoked six cigarettes or more per day were 4.59 (95% CI: 1.07-19.67) times more likely to present with missing teeth than those children whose mothers did not smoke, after adjustment for possible confounders. Our findings indicate that smoking during pregnancy can be a risk factor for missing teeth in the offspring.


Asunto(s)
Madres , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/epidemiología , Fumar Tabaco/epidemiología , Pérdida de Diente/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Estilo de Vida , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Embarazo , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adulto Joven
20.
Thorac Cancer ; 10(12): 2259-2266, 2019 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31679185

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The use of baseline tumor burden (TB) as a prognostic factor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and associations between TB and other prognostic biomarkers remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the association between TB and survival in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs in comparison with other biomarkers. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 83 NSCLC patients with ICIs administered between February 2016 and December 2018. TB was measured as the sum of the unidimensional diameters of up to five target lesions. RESULTS: The median observation period was 14.2 months. A total of 42 patients died during the follow-up. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that baseline TB was associated with OS. Cox regression analysis adjusted for Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) alone or with addition of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression and treatment line showed that TB was a prognostic factor for OS. Using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal TB cutoff for predicting OS was 12 cm, and patients were divided into a high TB group (n = 21) and a low TB group (n = 62). The low TB group achieved significantly longer OS than the high TB group (median OS: 18.5 months, [95% CI = 11.7-not reached] vs. 2.3 months [95% CI = 1.3-2.9], P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: TB is a useful, clinically measurable prognostic factor of survival in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/efectos adversos , Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Resultado del Tratamiento , Carga Tumoral
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