Global, regional and national burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease over a 30-year period: Estimates from the 1990 to 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most prevalent chronic respiratory disease. This study investigated the global, regional and country burden of COPD based on gender, age and socio-demographic indices (SDIs) in the last 30-year period from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: The COPD data, including incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), were obtained from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study. If age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) or death rate (ASDR) remains almost constant or decreases, the number of cases will still increase as the global population increases substantially. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to assess incidence, mortality and DALY trends. RESULTS: The incidence of COPD increased by 85.89% from 8,722,966 cases in 1990 to 16,214,828 cases in 2019, and the ASIR decreased from 216.48/100,000 persons in 1990 (95%UI, 204.56-227.33) to 200.49 per 100,000 persons (95%UI, 188.63-212.57) in 2019. The ASIR increased (EAPC = 0.05, 95%CI, 0.01-0.10) in the low SDI region, was stable in the high SDI region, and fell in the other three SDI regions. Men had a higher ASIR than women over the past 30 years, and there were differences in the incidence rates for different age groups. Male mortality and DALYs were higher than female mortality. ASDR decreased by 2.13% (95%CI, -2.23% to -2.02%) per year and the annual age-standardized DALY rate decreased by 1.97% (95%CI, -2.05% to -1.89%). CONCLUSIONS: The ASIR, ASDR and age-standardized DALY rate of COPD declined overall in the last 30 years, and were highest in the low-middle SDI region.

Global, regional, and national trends of syphilis from 1990 to 2019: the 2019 global burden of disease study.

BACKGROUND: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum, and the infection source is syphilis patients. This study aimed to estimate the incidence, mortality rate, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of syphilis to improve the understanding of the current global situation of syphilis. METHODS: This study collected data on syphilis incidence, mortality, and DALYs from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease database. RESULTS: The global number of incident cases and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased from 8,845,220 (95% UI: 6,562,510-11,588,860) in 1990 to 14,114,110 (95% UI: 10,648,490-18,415,970) in 2019 and 160.03/100,000 persons (95% UI: 120.66-208.1) to 178.48/100,000 persons (95% UI: 134.94-232.34), respectively. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the ASIR was 0.16 (95% CI: 0.07-0.26). The EAPC in the ASIR associated with high and high-middle sociodemographic indices increased. The ASIR increased among males but decreased among females, and the incidence peaked among males and females between the ages of 20 and 30 years. The EAPCs in the age-standardized death rate and age-standardized DALY rate decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and ASIR of syphilis increased worldwide from 1990 to 2019. Only the regions with high and high-middle sociodemographic indices showed an increase in the ASIR. Moreover, the ASIR increased among males but decreased among females. The age-standardized death rate and DALY rate both declined worldwide. The increase in the global ASIR of syphilis is a challenge.

Three-dimensional optical coherence digital-null deformography of multi-refractive-surface optics with nanometer sensitivity.

Knowledge of the lens deformation during the reliability test is critical for lens design and fabrication. Refractive surface distorts the optical path of probing light, and poses a great challenge to measuring the test-induced nanoscale changes of all refractive lens surfaces simultaneously. In this work, we present an optical coherence digital-null deformography (ODD). A digital null, i.e., the interference signals (including intensity and phase) of the backscattered probing light from each lens surface, was recorded prior to the test with a phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT). Then the post-test lens was physically aligned to the digital null by actuating a hexapod iteratively with a digital null alignment (DNA) method, so that the refractive distortion was matched. Finally, the changes between the aligned lens and its digital null were measured with an intensity centroid shift (ICS) at micron scale and a joint wavenumber (k)-depth (z) domain phase shift (kz-PhS) at nanoscale. We demonstrate that the proposed kz-PhS has a sensitivity of 4.15 nm and a range of 5 µm without phase wrapping; and the sensitivities of DNA are z translation 0.04 µm, x/y translation 0.24 µm, tilt 0.0003°, and rotation 0.03°. A lens drop test was performed with ODD. Circumventing refractive distortion by the null measurement, ODD can visualize the test-induced changes of all refractive surfaces non-destructively and simultaneously, and it will greatly facilitate lens design and fabrication.

Microstructure Design of Carbonaceous Fibers: A Promising Strategy toward High-Performance Weaveable/Wearable Supercapacitors.

Fiber-based supercapacitors (FSCs) possess great potential as an ideal type of power source for future weaveable/wearable electronics and electronic-textiles. The performance of FSCs is, without doubt, primarily determined by the properties of fibrous electrodes. Carbonaceous fibers, e.g., commercial carbon fibers, newly developed graphene fibers, and carbon nanotube fibers, are deemed as promising materials for weaveable/wearable supercapacitors owing to their exotic properties including high tensile strength and robustness, excellent electrical conductivity, good flexibility, and environmental stability. Nevertheless, bare carbonaceous fiber normally exhibits low capacitance originating from electric double-layer capacitance, which remains unsatisfactory for efficiently powering wearable and portable devices. Numerous efforts have been devoted to tailoring fiber properties by hybridizing pseudocapacitive materials, and impressive progress has been achieved thus far. Herein, the microstructures of pristine carbonaceous fibers are introduced in detail, and the recent advances in rational nano/microstructure design of their hybrids, which provides the feasibility to achieve the synergistic interaction between conductive agents and pseudocapacitive nanomaterials but are normally overlooked, are comprehensively reviewed. Besides, the challenges in developing high-performance fibrous electrodes are also elaborately discussed.

Electrostatically Assembling 2D Nanosheets of MXene and MOF-Derivatives into 3D Hollow Frameworks for Enhanced Lithium Storage.

As an essential member of 2D materials, MXene (e.g., Ti3 C2 Tx ) is highly preferred for energy storage owing to a high surface-to-volume ratio, shortened ion diffusion pathway, superior electronic conductivity, and neglectable volume change, which are beneficial for electrochemical kinetics. However, the low theoretical capacitance and restacking issues of MXene severely limit its practical application in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a facile and controllable method is developed to engineer 2D nanosheets of negatively charged MXene and positively charged layered double hydroxides derived from ZIF-67 polyhedrons into 3D hollow frameworks via electrostatic self-assembling. After thermal annealing, transition metal oxides (TMOs)@MXene (CoO/Co2 Mo3 O8 @MXene) hollow frameworks are obtained and used as anode materials for LIBs. CoO/Co2 Mo3 O8 nanosheets prevent MXene from aggregation and contribute remarkable lithium storage capacity, while MXene nanosheets provide a 3D conductive network and mechanical robustness to facilitate rapid charge transfer at the interface, and accommodate the volume expansion of the internal CoO/Co2 Mo3 O8 . Such hollow frameworks present a high reversible capacity of 947.4 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 , an impressive rate behavior with 435.8 mAh g-1 retained at 5 A g-1 , and good stability over 1200 cycles (545 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1 ).

A Solid-State Fibriform Supercapacitor Boosted by Host-Guest Hybridization between the Carbon Nanotube Scaffold and MXene Nanosheets.

Fiber-shaped supercapacitors with improved specific capacitance and high rate capability are a promising candidate as power supply for smart textiles. However, the synergistic interaction between conductive filaments and active nanomaterials remains a crucial challenge, especially when hydrothermal or electrochemical deposition is used to produce a core (fiber)-shell (active materials) fibrous structure. On the other hand, although 2D pseudocapacitive materials, e.g., Ti3 C2 T x (MXene), have demonstrated high volumetric capacitance, high electrical conductivity, and hydrophilic characteristics, MXene-based electrodes normally suffer from poor rate capability owing to the sheet restacking especially when the loading level is high and solid-state gel is used as electrolyte. Herein, by hosting MXene nanosheets (Ti3 C2 T x ) in the corridor of a scrolled carbon nanotube (CNT) scaffold, a MXene/CNT fiber with helical structure is successfully fabricated. These features offer open spaces for rapid ion diffusion and guarantee fast electron transport. The solid-state supercapacitor based on such hybrid fibers with gel electrolyte coating exhibits a volumetric capacitance of 22.7 F cm-3 at 0.1 A cm-3 with capacitance retention of 84% at current density of 1.0 A cm-3 (19.1 F cm-3 ), improved volumetric energy density of 2.55 mWh cm-3 at the power density of 45.9 mW cm-3 , and excellent mechanical robustness.

A long non-coding RNA signature to improve prognosis prediction of gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are frequently aberrantly expressed in cancers, however, few related lncRNA signatures have been established for prediction of cancer prognosis. We aimed at developing alncRNA signature to improve prognosis prediction of gastric cancer (GC). METHODS: Using a lncRNA-mining approach, we performed lncRNA expression profiling in large GC cohorts from Gene Expression Ominus (GEO), including GSE62254 data set (N = 300) and GSE15459 data set (N = 192). We established a set of 24-lncRNAs that were significantly associated with the disease free survival (DFS) in the test series. RESULTS: Based on this 24-lncRNA signature, the test series patients could be classified into high-risk or low-risk subgroup with significantly different DFS (HR = 1.19, 95 % CI = 1.13-1.25, P < 0.0001). The prognostic value of this 24-lncRNA signature was confirmed in the internal validation series and another external validation series, respectively. Further analysis revealed that the prognostic value of this signature was independent of lymph node ratio (LNR) and postoperative chemotherapy. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that high risk score group was associated with several cancer recurrence and metastasis associated pathways. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of the prognostic lncRNAs indicates the potential roles of lncRNAs in GC biogenesis. Our results may provide an efficient classification tool for clinical prognosis evaluation of GC.

Enhancement of phenol biodegradation by Pseudochrobactrum sp. through ultraviolet-induced mutation.

The phenol-degrading efficiency of Pseudochrobactrum sp. was enhanced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. First, a bacterial strain, Pseudochrobactrum sp. XF1, was isolated from the activated sludge in a coking plant. It was subjected to mutation by UV radiation for 120 s and a mutant strain with higher phenol-degrading efficiency, Pseudochrobactrum sp. XF1-UV, was selected. The mutant strain XF1-UV was capable of degrading 1800 mg/L phenol completely within 48 h and had higher tolerance to hydrogen ion concentration and temperature variation than the wild type. Haldane's kinetic model was used to fit the exponential growth data and the following kinetic parameters were obtained: µmax = 0.092 h-1, Ks = 22.517 mg/L, and Ki = 1126.725 mg/L for XF1, whereas µmax = 0.110 h-1, Ks = 23.934 mg/L, and Ki = 1579.134 mg/L for XF1-UV. Both XF1 and XF1-UV degraded phenol through the ortho-pathway; but the phenol hydroxylase activity of XF1-UV1 was higher than that of XF1, therefore, the mutant strain biodegraded phenol faster. Taken together, our results suggest that Pseudochrobactrum sp. XF1-UV could be a promising candidate for bioremediation of phenol-containing wastewaters.

Effects of 15% Azelaic Acid Gel in the Management of Post-Inflammatory Erythema and Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation in Acne Vulgaris.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of 15% azelaic acid (AzA) gel in treating acne-induced post-inflammatory erythema (PIE) and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). The effects of 15% AzA gel on acne, skin barrier function, and quality of life were also evaluated. METHODS: A total of 72 patients with mild to moderate acne were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were divided into two groups: patients in the AzA group applied 15% AzA gel twice daily for 12 weeks, and those in the placebo group applied AzA-free gel. Clinical evaluations using non-invasive skin detection technologies, including VISIA skin analysis, dermoscopy, and skin physiological function tests, were performed at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Main outcome measures included the post-acne hyperpigmentation index (PAHPI), melanin, hemoglobin, individual typology angle, water content, transepidermal water loss, and sebum. Investigator Global Assessment) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) assessments were conducted at weeks 0 and 12. Adverse reactions were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 72 patients at study initiation, 60 completed the trial. At 8 and 12 weeks, patients in the AzA group showed significantly reduced PAHPI for PIE lesions compared to baseline and patients receiving placebo (P < 0.05). Patients in both groups exhibited reduced PIH lesions at weeks 8 and 12 that differed significantly from baseline (P < 0.05). Hemoglobin content decreased significantly in AzA-treated PIE lesions compared to those treated with placebo at week 12 (P < 0.05). Melanin content decreased significantly in AzA-treated PIH lesions at week 12 (P < 0.05). The AzA group showed higher improvement in DLQI (P < 0.05), and greater overall satisfaction (P < 0.05) compared to placebo. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that 15% AzA gel effectively improved acne-induced PIE and PIH with minimal adverse reactions, making it a viable clinical application. In the study population, it had no adverse effects on skin barrier function and contributed positively to acne improvement and patient quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR.org.cn) under the identifier ChiCTR2300076959. The registration date was 25 October 2023, retrospectively registered.

Assessing the impact of industrial intelligence on urban carbon emission performance: Evidence from China.

With the growing emphasis on sustainable development, there has been increasing attention given to measures aimed at promoting environmental improvements and reducing carbon emissions, including the adoption of intelligent industry. Recent studies have analyzed the influence of industrial intelligence on urban carbon emission performance while ignore the spatial spillover effects and lack in-depth discussion of the mechanisms, which reduces the reliability of the assessment of industrial intelligence's impact on carbon emission performance. To address this issue, the paper examines direct effect, spatial spillover effects, and mechanisms, utilizing a balanced panel data from 2008 to 2019 for 238 Chinese cities. The findings reveal that a 1 % improvement in industrial intelligence results in a 2.747 % enhancement of local carbon emission performance. Moreover, through the spatial spillover analysis, we determined that industrial intelligence has a notable negative impact on the carbon emission performance of surrounding areas. The mechanism analysis demonstrated that industrial intelligence affects the carbon emission performance of local and neighboring areas by influencing the agglomeration of productive services. Furthermore, our study illustrates that the industrial intelligence's enhancement effect on carbon emission performance shows more significantly in eastern, resource-dependent, and ordinary prefecture-level cities. Finally, endogeneity and robustness tests conducted yielded consistent conclusions. Our study provides a new perspective on industrial intelligence's carbon reduction effect and contributes to the development of policies related to industrial upgrading and green development.

Recent research advances in the development of Dabie Banda virus vaccines.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a newly identified tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Dabie Banda virus (DBV). The virus was first discovered in eastern China in 2009 and is now considered an infectious disease with a mortality rate ranging from 6.3% to 30%. The best strategy for controlling SFTS is to develop effective vaccines. However, no approved vaccines are currently available to prevent this disease, despite the number of extensive and in-depth studies conducted on DBV in the past few years. This review focuses on the structure of DBV and the induced host immune responses which are the fundamental factors in vaccine development, and thoroughly summarizes the current research progress on DBV vaccines. The developing DBV vaccines include protein subunit vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, recombinant virus vector vaccines, and DNA vaccines. At present, almost all candidate vaccines for DBV are in the laboratory development or preclinical stages. There remain challenges in successfully developing clinically approved DBV vaccines.

Inhalable spray-dried porous microparticles containing dehydroandrographolide succinate phospholipid complex capable of improving and prolonging pulmonary anti-inflammatory efficacy in mice.

Due to the unique physiological barriers within the lungs, there are considerable challenges in developing drug delivery systems enabling prolonged drug exposure to respiratory epithelial cells. Here, we report a PulmoSphere-based dry powder technology that incorporates a drug-phospholipid complex to promote intracellular retention of dehydroandrographolide succinate (DAS) in respiratory epithelial cells following pulmonary delivery. The DAS-phospholipid complex has the ability to self-assemble into nanoparticles. After spray-drying to produce PulmoSphere microparticles loaded with the drug-phospholipid complex, the rehydrated microparticles discharge the phospholipid complex without altering its physicochemical properties. The microparticles containing the DAS-phospholipid complex exhibit remarkable aerodynamic properties with a fine particle fraction of ∼ 60% and a mass median aerodynamic diameter of ∼ 2.3 µm. These properties facilitate deposition in the alveolar region. In vitro cell culture and lung tissue explants experiments reveal that the drug-phospholipid complex prolongs intracellular residence time and lung tissue retention due to the slow intracellular disassociation of drug from the complex. Once deposited in the lungs, the DAS-phospholipid complex loaded microparticles increase and extend drug exposure to the lung tissues and the immune cells compared to the free DAS counterpart. The improved drug exposure to airway epithelial cells, but not immune cells, is related to a prolonged duration of pulmonary anti-inflammation at decreased doses in a mouse model of acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide. Overall, the phospholipid complex loaded microparticles present a promising approach for improved treatment of respiratory diseases, e.g. pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Pulmonary delivery of icariin-phospholipid complex prolongs lung retention and improves therapeutic efficacy in mice with acute lung injury/ARDS.

Icariin has been shown the promising therapeutic potential to treat inflammatory airway diseases, yet its poor lung distribution and retention restrict the clinical applications. To this end, this work aimed to prepare an icariin-phospholipid complex (IPC) formulation for sustained nebulization delivery that enabled excellent inhalability, improved lung exposure and prolonged duration of action. Icariin was found to react with soybean phospholipid to form supramolecular IPC, which was able to self-assemble into nanoparticle suspension. The suspension was stable during steam sterilization and nebulization processes, and its aerosols generated by a commercial nebulizer exhibited excellent aerodynamic properties and delivery efficiency. In vitro studies showed that the formation of complex sustained drug release, enhanced lung affinity and slowed lung clearance. The drug distribution in lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) also demonstrated in vivo sustained release after intratracheal administration to mice. In addition, compared to free icariin, IPC improved the drug exposure to lung tissues and immune cells in the ELF by 4.61-fold and 39.5-fold, respectively. This resulted in improved and prolonged local anti-inflammatory effects up to 24 h in mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. Moreover, IPC improved survival rate of mice with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Overall, the present phospholipid complex represented a promising formulation of icariin for the treatment of acute lung injury/ARDS by nebulization delivery.

Atomic Structure and Dynamics of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Formamidinium Lead Iodide.

The atomic dynamic behaviors of formamidinium lead iodide [HC(NH2)2PbI3] are critical for understanding and improving photovoltaic performances. However, they remain unclear. Here, we investigate the structural phase transitions and the reorientation dynamics of the formamidinium cation [HC(NH2)2+, FA+] of FAPbI3 using neutron scattering techniques. Two structural phase transitions occur with decreasing temperature, from cubic to tetragonal phase at 285 K and then to another tetragonal at 140 K, accompanied by gradually frozen reorientation of FA cations. The nearly isotropic reorientation in the cubic phase is suppressed to reorientation motions involving a two-fold (C2) rotation along the N···N axis and a four-fold (C4) rotation along the C-H axis in the tetragonal phase, and eventually to local disordered motion as a partial C4 along the C-H axis in another tetragonal phase, thereby indicating an intimate interplay between lattice and orientation degrees of freedom in the hybrid perovskite materials. The present complete atomic structure and dynamics provide a solid standing point to understand and then improve photovoltaic properties of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites in the future.

Perioperative fluid management for adult cardiac surgery: network meta-analysis pooling on twenty randomised controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate colloids and crystalloids used in perioperative fluid therapy for cardiac surgery patients to further investigate the optimal management strategies of different solutions. METHOD: RCTs about adult surgical patients allocated to receive perioperative fluid therapy for electronic databases, including Ovid MEDLINE, EMBase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, were searched up to February 15, 2023. RESULTS: None of the results based on network comparisons, including mortality, transfuse PLA, postoperative chest tube output over the first 24 h following surgery, and length of hospital stay, were statistically significant. Due to the small number of included studies, the results, including acute kidney injury, serum creatinine, serum microglobulin, and blood urea nitrogen, are from the direct comparison. For transfusion of RBCs, significant differences were observed in the comparisons of 3% gelatine vs. 6% HES 200/0.5, 4% albumin vs. 5% albumin, 4% gelatine vs. 5% albumin, 5% albumin vs. 6% HES 200/0.5, and 6% HES 130/0.4 vs. 6% HES 200/0.5. In transfusion of FFP, significant differences were observed in comparisons of 3% gelatine vs. 4% gelatine, 3% gelatine vs. 6% HES 200/0.5, 5% albumin vs. 6% HES 200/0.5, 4% gelatine vs. 5% albumin, 4% gelatine vs. 6% HES 200/0.4, and 6% HES 130/0.4 vs. 6% HES 200/0.5. For urinary output at 24 h after surgery, the results are deposited in the main text. CONCLUSION: This study showed that 3% gelatin and 5% albumin can reduce the transfuse RBC and FFP. In addition, the use of hypertonic saline solution can increase urine output, and 5% albumin and 6% HES can shorten the length of ICU stay. However, none of the perioperative fluids showed an objective advantage in various outcomes, including mortality, transfuse PLA, postoperative chest tube output over the first 24 h following surgery, and length of hospital stay. The reliable and sufficient evidences on the injury of the kidney, including acute kidney injury, serum creatinine, serum microglobulin, and blood urea nitrogen, was still lacking. In general, perioperative fluids had advantages and disadvantages, and there were no evidences to support the recommendation of the optimal perioperative fluid for cardiac surgery.

Taming heat with tiny pressure.

Heat is almost everywhere. Unlike electricity, which can be easily manipulated, the current ability to control heat is still highly limited owing to spontaneous thermal dissipation imposed by the second law of thermodynamics. Optical illumination and pressure have been used to switch endothermic/exothermic responses of materials via phase transitions; however, these strategies are less cost-effective and unscalable. Here, we spectroscopically demonstrate the glassy crystal state of 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMP) to realize an affordable, easily manageable approach for thermal energy recycling. The supercooled state of AMP is so sensitive to pressure that even several megapascals can induce crystallization to the ordered crystal, resulting in a substantial temperature increase of 48 K within 20 s. Furthermore, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept device capable of programable heating with an extremely high work-to-heat conversion efficiency of ∼383. Such delicate and efficient tuning of heat may remarkably facilitate rational utilization of waste heat.

Cancer burden and risk in the Chinese population aged 55 years and above: A systematic analysis and comparison with the USA and Western Europe.

Background: We analysed the cancer burden among elderly Chinese people over the age of 55 years and compared them to USA and Western Europe to explore the cancer model in China. Methods: We retrieved data on 29 cancers with 34 risk factors from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease database to evaluate the cancer burden in Chinese elderly individuals aged 55 years and older. We then used the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardised death rate (ASDR), age-standardised disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate, and average annual percentage change (AAPC) to compare the characteristics and change trend of cancers among China, USA, and Western Europe. Results: In 2019, the number of incident cases of 29 cancers among people aged 55 years and above in China increased more than 3-fold compared to 1990, while the number of deaths and DALYs approximately doubled. We also found that the cancer population in China was ageing; meanwhile, the cancer burden became significantly higher for men than for women, and the gap between men and women had widened. Cancers with the highest cancer DALYs were lung cancer (13 444 500; 95% uncertainty interval (UI) = 11 307 100, 15 853 700), stomach cancer (7 303 900; 95% UI = 6 094 600, 8 586 500), oesophageal cancer (4 633 500; 95% UI = 3 642 500, 5 601 200), colon and rectum cancer (4 386 500; 95% UI = 3 769 500, 5 067 200), liver cancer (2 915 100, 95% UI = 2 456 300, 3 463 900), and pancreatic cancer (2 028 400; 95% UI = 1 725 000, 2 354 900). Compared with 1990, the DALY rate and incidence rate of stomach cancer, oesophageal cancer, and liver cancer had markedly decreased. The DALY rate and incidence rate of lung, colon, rectum, and pancreatic cancer had increased significantly, as did the incidence rate of breast cancer in women. Smoking and diet were the top two cancer risk factors, and the impact of ambient particulate matter pollution on cancer increased each year. The overall 29 cancers age-standardised DALY rate and ASDR in China, USA, and Western Europe were similar, and all showed downward trend in the past 30 years. Compared with the USA and Western Europe, the age-standardised DALY rate of liver, nasopharyngeal, oesophageal, stomach, and cervical cancers in China was more prominent. The age-standardised DALY rate of lung cancer and colon and rectum cancer decreased annually in Western Europe and the USA, but increased in China. Conclusions: Over the past 30 years, China had made progress in controlling stomach, oesophageal, and liver cancer. However, lung, colon, rectum, pancreatic, and breast cancers had become more prevalent, having risen alongside economic development. The risks of smoking and dietary were major issues that need to be addressed urgently. The cancer situation in China remains serious; future cancer prevention efforts need to balance economic development with people's physical health, identify key groups, improve the health environment of residents and guide them to live a healthy life, and expand the scope of cancer screening.

Deeply Coupled Convolution-Transformer With Spatial-Temporal Complementary Learning for Video-Based Person Re-Identification.

Advanced deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown great success in video-based person re-identification (Re-ID). However, they usually focus on the most obvious regions of persons with a limited global representation ability. Recently, it witnesses that Transformers explore the interpatch relationships with global observations for performance improvements. In this work, we take both the sides and propose a novel spatial-temporal complementary learning framework named deeply coupled convolution-transformer (DCCT) for high-performance video-based person Re-ID. First, we couple CNNs and Transformers to extract two kinds of visual features and experimentally verify their complementarity. Furthermore, in spatial, we propose a complementary content attention (CCA) to take advantages of the coupled structure and guide independent features for spatial complementary learning. In temporal, a hierarchical temporal aggregation (HTA) is proposed to progressively capture the interframe dependencies and encode temporal information. Besides, a gated attention (GA) is used to deliver aggregated temporal information into the CNN and Transformer branches for temporal complementary learning. Finally, we introduce a self-distillation training strategy to transfer the superior spatial-temporal knowledge to backbone networks for higher accuracy and more efficiency. In this way, two kinds of typical features from same videos are integrated mechanically for more informative representations. Extensive experiments on four public Re-ID benchmarks demonstrate that our framework could attain better performances than most state-of-the-art methods.

Systemic monotherapy with acitretin for erythrodermic psoriasis: results of a retrospective study of 81 patients.

Background: Erythrodermic psoriasis (EP) remains challenging to manage because it is rare and has complex complications. Although acitretin is recommended as an appropriate choice for EP, there is a lack of large-scale evidence. Objectives: This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of acitretin as systemic monotherapy in EP patients. Design: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients with EP who received at least 3 months of acitretin as systemic monotherapy during hospitalization and out-patient follow-up from January 2005 to May 2021 at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China. Methods: The efficacy was clinically evaluated after 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks of treatment, which was classified as a good response (>75% of lesions cleared), partial response (50%-75% cleared), moderate response (25-50% cleared), or no response (<25% cleared). Safety was assessed on the basis of physical examination results and significant changes in laboratory examination results after 12 weeks of treatment. Results: Overall, 81 patients (79.0% men; mean age, 47.9 years) were included. The acitretin dose ranged from 20 to 60 mg/day (0.3 to 0.8 mg/kg/day). The rates of good, partial, and moderate responses were 0.0%, 2.5%, and 42.0% at 1 week; 3.7%, 34.6%, and 61.7% at 2 weeks; 29.6%, 58.0%, and 12.4% at 4 weeks; and 85.2%, 13.6%, and 1.2% at 12 weeks after treatment initiation, respectively. EP patients transformed from psoriasis vulgaris showed a higher good/partial response rate compared with that of EP patients that developed from pustular or articular psoriasis (44.6% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.035). Patients with concurrent infection showed a lower rate of good/partial response compared with that of those without concurrent infection (16.7% vs. 44.4%, p = 0.049). Adverse effects were seen in 45 (55.6%) patients in 12 weeks, and dyslipidemia (n = 31; 38.3%), xerosis (n = 24; 29.6%), and elevated liver enzymes (n = 6; 7.4%) were most commonly reported. Twenty-three patients were followed up for over 3 years, and six (26.1%) patients had EP recurrence. Conclusions: Acitretin as a systemic monotherapy showed satisfactory effectiveness for EP, especially in patients developed from psoriasis vulgaris and without infection.

Heart failure in erythrodermic psoriasis: a retrospective study of 225 patients.

Purpose: Erythrodermic psoriasis (EP) is a severe form of psoriasis that affects multiple organs, including the cardiovascular system. However, few studies have focused on this condition.This study is aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with heart failure in EP patient, and to the measure the serum concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a potential predictor of chronic heart failure. Methods: We retrospectively studied patients with EP hospitalized at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2005 to October 2021. The prevalence of heart failure and associated factors was measured. In addition, peripheral blood samples were collected from 17 patients and matched with samples from eight healthy controls, and their serum concentrations of FGF23 were measured by ELISA. Results: We studied 225 patients with EP, with a male: female ratio of 2.7:1 and a mean age of 47.6 ± 16.7 years. Twenty-five (11.1%) participants were diagnosed with heart failure during their hospital stay. The patients with EP and heart failure were older (58.2 years vs. 46.2 years, p = 0.001); had a higher prevalence of a history of coronary heart disease (32.0% vs. 21.5%, p < 0.001), fever (48.0% vs. 23.0%, p = 0.007), infection (56.0% vs. 35.5%, p = 0.046); higher hsCRP concentration (43.2 mg/L vs. 8.2 mg/L, p = 0.005); and higher prevalence of anemia (60.0% vs. 22.0%, p < 0.001), hypoalbuminemia (64.0% vs. 42.0%, p = 0.037), and hyperlipidemia (40.0% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.023) than those without heart failure. The serum FGF23 concentration was significantly higher in patients with EP than controls (493.1 pg/ml vs. 277.8 pg/ml, p = 0.027), and was significantly lower after treatment (395.7 pg/ml vs. 463.1 pg/ml, p = 0.022). Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware of the risk of heart failure in patients with EP, and especially those of advanced age and with a history of coronary heart disease, severe systemic symptoms, high concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers, and poor nutritional status.