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Silica is a promising shell coating material for colloidal nanoparticles due to its excellent chemical inertness and optical transparency. To encapsulate high-quality colloidal nanocrystals with silica shells, the silane coupling hydrolysis is currently the most effective approach. However, this reaction requires water, which often adversely affects the intrinsic physicochemical properties of nanocrystals. Achieving a damage-free silica encapsulation process to nanocrystals by hydrolysis is a huge challenge. Here, a novel strategy is developed to coat colloidal nanocrystals with a denser silica shell via a proactively water-generating reaction at high temperature. In this work, water molecules are continuously and proactively released into the reaction system through the amidation reaction, followed by in situ hydrolysis of silane, completely avoiding the impacts of water on nanocrystals during the silica coating process. In this work, water sensitive perovskite nanocrystals (CsPbBr3) are selected as the typical colloidal nanocrystals for silica coating. Notably, this high-temperature in situ encapsulation technology greatly improves the optical properties of nanocrystals, and the silica shells exhibit a denser structure, providing nanocrystals with better protection. This method overcomes the challenge of the influence of water on nanocrystals during the hydrolysis process, and provides an important reference for the non-destructive encapsulation of colloidal nanocrystals.
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This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which postembryonic renal ADAMTS18 methylation influences obstructive renal fibrosis in rats. After exposure to transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1 during the embryonic period, analysis of postembryonic renal ADAMTS18 methylation and expression levels was conducted. Histological analysis was performed to assess embryonic kidney lesions and damage. Western blot analysis was used to determine the expression of renal fibrosis markers. Rats with ureteral obstruction and a healthy control group were selected. The methylation levels of ADAMTS18 in the different groups were analyzed. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed to analyze the expression of renal fibrosis markers, and kidney-related indicators were measured. Treatment with TGF-ß1 resulted in abnormal development of the postembryonic kidney, which was characterized by rough kidney surfaces with mild depressions and irregularities on the outer surface. TGF-ß1 treatment significantly promoted ADAMTS18 methylation and activated the protein kinase B (AKT)/Notch pathway. Ureteral obstruction was induced to establish a renal hydronephrosis model, which led to renal fibrotic injury in newborn rats. Overexpression of the ADAMTS18 gene alleviated renal fibrosis. The western blot results showed that compared to that in the control group, the expression of renal fibrosis markers was significantly decreased after ADAMTS18 overexpression, and there was a thicker renal parenchymal tissue layer and significantly reduced p-AKT/AKT and Notch1 levels. TGF-ß1 can induce ADAMTS18 gene methylation in the postembryonic kidney, and the resulting downregulation of ADAMTS18 expression has long-term effects on kidney development, potentially leading to increased susceptibility to obstructive renal fibrosis. This mechanism may involve activation of the AKT/Notch pathway. Reversing ADAMTS18 gene methylation may reverse this process.
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Proteínas ADAMTS , Enfermedades Renales , Obstrucción Ureteral , Animales , Ratas , Fibrosis , Riñón , Enfermedades Renales/metabolismo , Metilación , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/genética , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Obstrucción Ureteral/metabolismo , Obstrucción Ureteral/patología , Proteínas ADAMTS/genéticaRESUMEN
Owing to outstanding optoelectronic properties, lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) are considered promising emitters for next-generation displays. However, the development of pure blue (460-470 nm) perovskite nanocrystal light-emitting diodes (PNC-LEDs), which correspond to the requirements of Rec. 2020 standard, lag far behind that of their green and red counterparts. Here, pure blue CsPb(Br/Cl)3 nanocrystals with remarkable optical performance are demonstrated by a facile fluorine passivation strategy. Prominently, the fluorine passivation on halide vacancies and strong bonding of Pb-F intensely enhance crystal structure stability and inhibit "particle talking" behaviors under both thermal and electrical conditions. Fluorine-based PNCs with high resistance of luminescence thermal quenching retain 70% of photoluminescent intensity when heated to 343 K, which can be attributed to the elevated activation energy for carrier trapping and unchanged grain size. Fluorine-based PNC-LEDs also exhibit stable pure blue electroluminescence (EL) emission with sevenfold promoted luminance and external quantum efficiencies (EQEs), where the suppression of ion migration is further evidenced by a lateral structure device with applied polarizing potential.
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BACKGROUND: At present, the extent and clinical relevance of epigenetic differences between upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) remain largely unknown. Here, we conducted a study to describe the global DNA methylation landscape of UTUC and UCB and to address the prognostic value of DNA methylation subtype and responses to the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor SGI-110 in urothelial carcinoma (UC). METHODS: Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (n = 49 samples), we analyzed epigenomic features and profiles of UTUC (n = 36) and UCB (n = 9). Next, we characterized potential links between DNA methylation, gene expression (n = 9 samples), and clinical outcomes. Then, we integrated an independent UTUC cohort (Fujii et al., n = 86) and UCB cohort (TCGA, n = 411) to validate the prognostic significance. Furthermore, we performed an integrative analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression in two UC cell lines following transient DNA methyltransferase inhibitor SGI-110 treatment to identify potential epigenetic driver events that contribute to drug efficacy. RESULTS: We showed that UTUC and UCB have very similar DNA methylation profiles. Unsupervised DNA methylation classification identified two epi-clusters, Methy-High and Methy-Low, associated with distinct muscle-invasive statuses and patient outcomes. Methy-High samples were hypermethylated, immune-infiltrated, and enriched for exhausted T cells, with poor clinical outcome. SGI-110 inhibited the migration and invasion of Methy-High UC cell lines (UMUC-3 and T24) by upregulating multiple antitumor immune pathways. CONCLUSIONS: DNA methylation subtypes pave the way for predicting patient prognosis in UC. Our results provide mechanistic rationale for evaluating SGI-110 in treating UC patients in the clinic.
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Azacitidina , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales , Metilación de ADN , Metilasas de Modificación del ADN , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Azacitidina/análogos & derivados , Azacitidina/farmacología , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/genética , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/metabolismo , Metilasas de Modificación del ADN/antagonistas & inhibidores , Metilasas de Modificación del ADN/genética , Metilasas de Modificación del ADN/metabolismo , Humanos , Pronóstico , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/genética , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/metabolismoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: To describe our initial experience with ileal ureteral replacement (IUR) for the management of ureteral avulsion (UA) during ureteroscopic lithotripsy. METHODS: Between September 2010 and April 2021, ten patients received ileal ureteral replacement for ureteral avulsion during ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Anterograde urography and computed tomography urography (CTU) were applied to evaluate the lesion. Follow-up was performed with magnetic resonance urography and renal ultrasound as well as clinical assessment of symptoms. We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of ten patients treated with ileal ureteral replacement for the treatment of ureteral avulsion. RESULTS: Four patients underwent open ileal ureteral replacement, two underwent laparoscopic ileal ureteral replacement, and four underwent robotic-assisted ileal ureteral replacement. The mean operative time (OT) was 310 min (range 191-530). The mean estimated blood loss (EBL) was 193 mL (range 10-1000). The mean length of the ileal graft was 21 cm (range 12-25). The median postoperative hospital time was 13 days (range 7-19). All surgeries were effectively completed, and no case required open conversion in laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgeries. There was no obvious hydronephrosis according to contrast-enhanced computed tomography 3-dimensional reconstruction images without serious complications or progressive hydronephrosis during a median follow-up duration of 51 months (range 5-131), and the success rate was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Our initial results and experience showed that ileal ureteral replacement for the management of ureteral avulsion during ureteroscopic lithotripsy is safe and feasible.
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Hidronefrosis , Litotricia , Uréter , Humanos , Hidronefrosis/etiología , Litotricia/efectos adversos , Litotricia/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Uréter/cirugía , Ureteroscopía/efectos adversos , Ureteroscopía/métodosRESUMEN
Sn-based perovskites are the most promising alternative materials for Pb-based perovskites to address the toxicity problem of lead. However, the development of SnII -based perovskites has been hindered by their extreme instability. Here, we synthesized efficient and stable lead-free Cs4 SnBr6 perovskite by using SnF2 as tin source instead of easily oxidized SnBr2 . The SnF2 configures a fluorine-rich environment, which can not only suppress the oxidation of Sn2+ in the synthesis, but also construct chemically stable Sn-F coordination to hinder the electron transfer from Sn2+ to oxygen within the long-term operation process. The SnF2 -derived Cs4 SnBr6 perovskite shows a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 62.8 %, and excellent stability against oxygen, moisture, and light radiation for 1200â h, representing one of the most stable lead-free perovskites. The results pave a new pathway to enhance the optical properties and stability of lead-free perovskite for high-performance light emitters.
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We propose a multi-cavity resonant architecture that is established by employing two opposing ultrathin silver-based films to form a Fabry-Pérot (F-P) cavity and inserting one or two metallic mesh layers in between. Compared with the single F-P cavity, the multi-cavity architecture with one metallic mesh layer experimentally exhibits a â¼37% improvement in the average shielding effectiveness and maintains a transmittance over 80% at 550 nm. A more significant improvement of â¼108% in shielding effectiveness (SE) can be achieved by inserting two metallic mesh layers. The proposed multi-cavity architecture provides a strategy for removal of the hindrance to transparent electromagnetic interference shielding.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the ADAMTS18 gene in regulating the renal development of mice. PAS staining was used to observe the kidney development of E12.5-E17.5 mice, while immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR were used to observe the expression of ADAMTS18. Ureteric bud (UB) branches were observed using immunofluorescence staining using the UB marker E-cadherin, and the apoptosis and proliferation of posterior renal mesenchymal cells were analyzed using TUNEL and PH3 fluorescence staining. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the immune cell infiltration, and western blotting (WB) was used to analyze the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. As a result, the ADAMTS18 gene expression gradually increased as the kidney continued to mature during embryonic development. Compared with that in the control and vector groups, UB branching was significantly reduced in the ADAMTS18 deletion group (p < 0.05), but that deletion of ADAMTS18 did not affect posterior renal mesenchymal cell proliferation or apoptosis (p > 0.05). Compared with those in the control and vector groups, the proportion of embryonic kidney B cells and the proportion of CD8+ cells were significantly greater after ADAMTS18 was knocked down (p < 0.05), but the difference in neutrophil counts was not significant (p > 0.05). The WB analysis revealed that the PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 expression was significantly increased after ADAMTS18 was knocked down (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the ADAMTS18 gene may be involved in mice kidney development by regulating the immune microenvironment and activating immune checkpoints. Deletion of the ADAMTS18 gene may be unfavorable for kidney development.
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Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common urological tumors, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Tumor stroma ratio (TSR) can reflect the amount of stromal component around tumor cells, and can independently predict the prognosis of tumor. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of TSR in ccRCC patients. Methods: From January 2010 to December 2015, clinical and histopathological data of patients with ccRCC patients who underwent surgical operation were collected. Using TSR (50%) as the cut-off value, the patients were divided into low-TSR group (<50%) and high-TSR group (≥50%). The clinicopathological characteristics and survival status of patients were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the prognostic factors for overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), metastasis-free survival (MFS). Results: The mean age of 569 patients was 56.84±12.76 years old. There were 401 males and 168 females. According to the TSR, patients were divided into low-TSR group (n=333, 58.5%) and high-TSR group (n=236, 41.5%). The median follow-up time was 67.0 months (interquartile range, 33.0-72.0 months). The 5-year OS, CSS and MFS were 91.2%, 94.6% and 91.0%, respectively. The 5-year OS, CSS and MFS were 84.2%,89.7% and 82.7% in the high-TSR group and 96.1%, 98.0% and 96.0% in the low-TSR group (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age >60 years [hazard ratio (HR) =2.455, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.292-4.668, P=0.006), tumor grade (HR =6.580, 95% CI: 3.276-13.216, P<0.001) and TSR (HR =2.611, 95% CI: 1.265-5.387, P=0.009) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor stage (HR =3.213, 95% CI: 1.437-7.184, P=0.004), tumor grade (HR =6.102, 95% CI: 2.664-13.976, P<0.001) and TSR (HR =2.653, 95% CI: 1.063-6.621, P=0.03) were independent prognostic factors for CSS. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor stage (HR =4.805, 95% CI: 2.677-8.624, P<0.001), tumor grade (HR =6.423, 95% CI: 3.432-12.020, P<0.001), hemorrhage (HR =0.514, 95% CI: 0.265-0.996, P=0.049) and TSR (HR =2.370, 95% CI: 1.264-4.443, P=0.007) were independent prognostic factors for MFS. Conclusions: TSR is a new independent prognostic risk factor for ccRCC patients. The assessment of TSR is simple and cost-effective, and it is a useful supplement added to the pathological evaluation system.
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The function of Biliverdin Reductase A (BLVRA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells proliferation, invasion and migration remains unclear. Therefore, this research intends to explore the effect of BLVRA on HCC cells growth and metastasis. BLVRA expression was analyzed in public dataset and examined by using western blot. The malignant function of BLVRA in HCC cell lines and its effect on Wnt/ß-catenin pathway were measured. Analysis from GEPIA website showed that BLVRA expression was significantly increased in HCC tissues, and high expression of BLVRA resulted in worse prognosis of HCC patients. Results from western blot showed that BLVRA expression was obviously increased in HCC cell lines. Moreover, HepG2 and Hep3B cells in si-BLVRA-1 or si-BLVRA-2 group displayed an obvious reduction in its proliferation, cell cycle, invasion and migration compared to those in the si-control group. Additionally, si-BLVRA-1 or si-BLVRA-2 transfection significantly reduced the protein levels of Vimentin, Snail1 and Snail2, as well as decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax and cleaved-caspase 3 expression. Furthermore, si-BLVRA treatment inhibited the protein levels of c-MYC, ß-catenin, and Cyclin D1. After IWP-4 (Wnt/ß-catenin inhibitor) treatment, the proliferation ability of HCC cells was significantly reduced. BLVRA expression was significantly increased in HCC tissues and cell lines, and knocked down of BLVRA could suppress the proliferation, invasion and migration in HCC cell lines, as well as induce cell apoptosis. Moreover, si-BLVRA transfection blocked the activation of Wnt/ß-catenin pathway.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Vía de Señalización WntRESUMEN
To explore the association between the optimal coagulant for tofu and the components of soybeans,30 different kinds of soybeans were selected, and tested for their optimal coagulant MgCl2 content. The optimal amount of coagulant was taken as the dependent variable, and the soybean Composition were taken as independent variables for the correlation analysis. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the optimal coagulant content and the content of histidine, 7S ß-conglycinin, B1aB1bB2B3B4 of 11 s glycincin, and α'-subunit of 7S ß-conglycinin, negative correlation with lysine. The regression formula is y = -1.186 + 3.457*B1aB1bB2B3B4 + 2.304*7S + 0.351*histidine - 0.084*lysine + 4.696*α', and the model is validated to be within 10 % of the error value and has a high degree of confidence. This study provides theoretical support for realizing the green production of traditional soybean products.
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Photoreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into fuels presents a promising approach to mitigate global warming and energy crises. Halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with prominent optoelectronic properties have triggered substantial attention as photocatalysts but are limited by the charge recombination and instability. Here, we develop stable CsPbBr3/titania microspheres (TMs) by in situ growth of CsPbBr3 NCs inside mesoporous TMs through solid-state sintering, which significantly improves the stability of perovskite NCs, making them applicable in water with efficient CO2 photoreduction performance. Notably, the CsPbBr3/TMs demonstrates a 6.73- and 9.23-fold increase in the rate of CH4 production compared to TMs and CsPbBr3, respectively. The internal electric field facilitates S-scheme charge transfer, enhancing the separation of electron-hole pairs, as evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis, which is pivotal for the selective photoreduction of CO2. These insights pave the way for the design of CsPbBr3-based photocatalysts with superior efficiency and stability.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of curcumin on the proliferation of renal cell carcinoma and analyze its regulation mechanism. METHODS: In RCC cell lines of A498 and 786-O, the effects of curcumin (2.5, 5, 10 µ mo/L) on the proliferation were analyzed by Annexin V+PI staining. Besides, A498 was inoculated into nude mice to establish tumorigenic models, and the model mice were treated with different concentrations of curcumin (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), once daily for 30 days. Then the tumor diameter was measured, the tumor cells were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the protein expressions of miR-148 and ADAMTS18 were detected by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, after transfection of miR-148 mimics, miR-148 inhibitor or si-ADAMTS18 in cell lines, the expression of ADAMTS18 was examined by Western blotting and the cell survival rate was analyzed using MTT. Subsequently, Western blot analysis was again used to examine the autophagy phenomenon by measuring the relative expression level of LC3-II/LC3-I; autophagy-associated genes, including those of Beclin-1 and ATG5, were also examined when miR-148 was silenced in both cell lines with curcumin treatment. RESULTS: Curcumin could inhibit the proliferation of RCC in cell lines and nude mice. The expression of miR-148 and ADAMTS18 was upregulated after curcumin treatment both in vitro and in vivo (P<0.05). The cell survival rate was dramatically declined upon miR-148 or ADAMTS18 upregulated. However, si-ADAMTS18 treatment or miR-148 inhibitor reversed these results, that is, both of them promoted the cell survival rate. CONCLUSION: Curcumin can inhibit the proliferation of renal cell carcinoma by regulating the miR-148/ ADAMTS18 axis through the suppression of autophagy in vitro and in vivo. There may exist a positive feedback loop between miR-148 and ADAMTS18 gene in RCC.
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Carcinoma de Células Renales , Curcumina , Neoplasias Renales , MicroARNs , Animales , Ratones , Carcinoma de Células Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Renales/genética , Carcinoma de Células Renales/metabolismo , Curcumina/farmacología , Curcumina/uso terapéutico , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Ratones Desnudos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Renales/genética , Neoplasias Renales/metabolismo , Autofagia , Proliferación Celular , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas ADAMTS/genética , Proteínas ADAMTS/metabolismoRESUMEN
This investigation aims to study the reversal effect of the Chinese herbal compound SanHuang decoction on axitinib resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells and its mechanistic role by employing cellular and mouse models. Axitinib-resistant ccRCC cell lines (A498-DR and 786-O-DR) were cultured and treated with SanHuang decoction. The apoptosis and migration of tumor cells were observed by flow cytometry and wound healing assays, respectively, and the expression of a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif 18 (ADAMTS18) was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB). In addition, A498-DR cells were inoculated into mice to establish tumorigenic models, and the models were treated with normal saline, axitinib, or different concentrations of SanHuang decoction plus axitinib. Then, the tumor diameter in each group was measured, and the expression of ADAMTS18 was evaluated by RT-PCR, WB and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the distribution of T cells (CD45+, CD4+, CD8+) and PD-L1 expression was analyzed by flow cytometry to evaluate the level of immune cell infiltration. SanHuang decoction significantly reduced the proliferative activity of axitinib-resistant tumor cells and enhanced the sensitivity of tumors to axitinib in vitro (cell lines) and in mice. In the SanHuang decoction group, the expression level of ADAMTS18 was increased to some extent, and several phenomena were observed, including (1) subcutaneous transplanted tumors grew slower, (2) the CD45+/PD-L1 ratio was decreased and (3) the proportions of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were increased. Overexpression of ADAMTS18 was synergistic with SanHuang decoction treatment to jointly improve tumor immune infiltration and inhibit immune escape. Pearson correlation analysis of sample data showed that there was a negative correlation between the expression of ADAMTS18 and PD-L1 in tumor tissues. In conclusion, the Chinese herbal compound SanHuang decoction can reverse axitinib resistance in ccRCC cells by regulating immune cell infiltration and affecting ADAMTS18 expression.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular mechanism by which curcumin affects renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) progression by regulating ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 18 (ADAMTS18) methylation. METHODS: NRK-49F cells RIF model were induced with transforming growth factor ß 1 (TGF- ß 1). Effects of different concentrations of curcumin (0, 10, 20, and 30 µmol/L) on cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis as well as cyclin D1 expression were analyzed by cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry and Western blot, respectively. ADAMTS18 methylation levels were determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. ADAMTS18, fibronectin (FN), type I collagen (Col- I) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α -SMA) mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. Meanwhile, cells were treated with 50 mmol/L 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC, demethylation agent) for 72 h. Effect of curcumin on extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition was evaluated by immunochemical staining and Western blot. NRK-49F cells were transfected with ADAMTS18 small interfering RNA and grouped into a normal control, ADAMTS18-knock-out (KO), and ADAMTS18-KO+ 30 µmol/L curcumin groups, and whether curcumin can reverse the effect of ADAMTS18 knockdown on RIF was evaluated. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, TGF-ß 1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of NRK-49F cells, blocked the G1/G0 phase, promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited cyclin D1 expression (P<0.01). Among the different concentrations of curcumin, 30 µmol/L curcumin significantly reversed these processes (P<0.01). Immunochemical staining and Western blot results showed that curcumin significantly inhibited the deposition of FN, Col- I and α-SMA (P<0.01). Curcumin and 5-zaz-dC had synergistic effects, promoting ADAMTS18 expression, removing ADAMTS18 methylation, and reducing ECM deposition. ADAMTS18 knockdown promoted ECM accumulation, and curcumin reversed this process (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: TGF-ß 1-induced fibrosis in NRK-49F cells. Curcumin promoted ADAMTS18 expression, reduced ECM accumulation, and alleviated RIF progression by inhibiting ADAMTS18 methylation.
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Objectives: To evaluate the clinical utility of voided urine fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for predicting the pathology of preoperative "low-risk" upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Methods: Information of patients preoperatively diagnosed with "low-risk" UTUC receiving radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) between May 2014 and October 2019 were retrospectively collected. All of the patients accepted the FISH test and then were divided into two groups according to the results of FISH. The diagnostic value of FISH was assessed through the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and area under the curve. Logistic regression analysis was applied to examine FISH as a predictive factor of tumor final stage and grade of preoperative "low-risk" UTUC. Results: In total, 129 patients were included. Of them, 70 (54.2%) were marked with positive FISH result. The difference at final pathology in tumor stage and tumor grade between these two groups of FISH (-) and FISH (+) had significantly statistical significance (p<0.001). Regarding to the tumor stage at final pathology, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of FISH were 70.7 (58.9-80.3)68.5 (54.3-80.1)75.7 (63.7-84.8) and 62.7 (49.1-74.7), respectively. Regarding to the tumor grade at final pathology, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of FISH were 64.7 (53.5-74.6), 65.9 (50.0-79.1), 78.6 (66.8-87.1) and 49.1 (36.5-62.3), respectively. The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that FISH could predict the pathologic characteristics of preoperative "low-risk" UTUC independently. Conclusions: FISH was qualified with relatively high diagnostic estimates for predicting tumor stage and grade of preoperative "low-risk" UTUC, and could be an independent predictive factor in clinical practice. For preoperative "low-risk" UTUC patients but with positive FISH result, choosing nephron-sparing surgery may require special caution.
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When discussing the influence of the built environment on taxi travel demand, few studies have considered the effect of the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) or the influence of the "5D" dimensions of the built environment (It refers to the consideration of the built environment from five dimensions of density, diversity, design, destination accessibility and distance to transit.) on taxi travel demand. Moreover, discussion of the nonlinear and linear relationships between taxi demand and environment variables is also lacking. To address these gaps, we constructed a "5D" dimension index system of built environment variables. The influence of the MAUP on the model results was discussed using the optimal parameter-based geographical detector (OPGD) model, and the optimal spatial analysis unit was selected. The OPGD and multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) models were used to reveal the influence of different dimensions of the built environment on taxi travel demand from global and local perspectives, respectively. Finally, the central urban area of Xi'an was analyzed as an example. The results show the following: (1) Most built environment variables are sensitive to the influence of MAUP. (2) It is better to divide the space into regular hexagons than squares, and the optimal spatial analysis unit in this study is a regular hexagon grid with sides of 900m. (3) From a global perspective, the distance to the city center, commercial residence POI density, transportation facility POI density, and population density have the greatest influence on the demand for taxi travel. (4) From a local perspective, the MGWR model considering spatial heterogeneity and scale differences is superior to the GWR model, and the influence of built environment variables exhibited spatial heterogeneity. The proposed optimal spatial analysis unit can provide a basis for taxi demand forecasting and scheduling. This study provides a reference for urban planners and traffic managers to offer optimization strategies related to the built environment, promote healthy development of the taxi industry, and solve the problems of the urban transportation system.
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Transportes , Viaje , Entorno Construido , Análisis Espacial , CiudadesRESUMEN
Introduction: This study aimed to explore the effect of curcumin on the activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proximal renal tubular epithelial cells (PRTECs) and to analyze the molecular mechanism by which curcumin regulates their occurrence. Material and methods: LPS-induced PRTECs were used to construct an inflammatory cell model. RT-qPCR and western blot (WB) were used to detect ADAMTS18 expression. Methylation-specific PCR was used to detect ADAMTS18 methylation levels. After curcumin treatment, MTT assay was used to analyze cell viability, flow cytometry was used to analyze apoptosis, and ADAMTS18 expression and methylation levels were detected again. After transfection with siADAMTS18, cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed again. The levels of inflammatory factors were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression levels of AKT, Notch-1 and Notch-2 were analyzed by WB. Results: Curcumin strongly inhibited LPS-induced PRTEC inflammatory lesions, restored normal cell proliferation, and reduced the apoptosis rate by downregulating ADAMTS18 methylation and restoring ADAMTS18 expression. After siADAMTS18, the ability of curcumin to improve cell viability was reduced, and the ability of curcumin to downregulate inflammatory factors was significantly reduced. Curcumin could also inhibit the expression of AKT, Notch-1 and Notch-2 simultaneously. siADAMTS18 attenuated the abovementioned effects of curcumin. Conclusions: Curcumin inhibits LPS-induced PRTEC death by regulating ADAMTS18 methylation and AKT/Notch pathways.
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The interface defects of core-shell colloidal quantum dots (QDs) affect their optoelectronic properties and charge transport characteristics. However, the limited available strategies pose challenges in the comprehensive control of these interface defects. Herein, we introduce a versatile strategy that effectively addresses both surface and interface defects in QDs through simple post-synthesis treatment. Through the combination of fine chemical etching methods and spectroscopic analysis, we have revealed that halogens can diffuse within the crystal structure at elevated temperatures, acting as "repairmen" to rectify oxidation and significantly reducing interface defects within the QDs. Under the guidance of this protocol, InP core/shell QDs were synthesized by a hydrofluoric acid-free method with a full width at half-maximum of 37.0 nm and an absolute quantum yield of 86%. To further underscore the generality of this strategy, we successfully applied it to CdSe core/shell QDs as well. These findings provide fundamental insights into interface defect engineering and contribute to the advancement of innovative solutions for semiconductor nanomaterials.
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Perovskite nanocrystals have attracted much attention due to their unique optical and electronic properties. Much progress has also been made in the development of light-emitting diodes based on perovskite nanocrystals in the past years. However, compared with the widely reported opaque perovskite nanocrystal light-emitting diodes, semitransparent perovskite nanocrystal light-emitting diodes are rarely studied, which affects the potential application of perovskite nanocrystals in the translucent display field in the future. Here, poly[(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] (PFN), a conjugated polymer, was used as an electron transport layer to fabricate the inverted opaque and semitransparent perovskite light-emitting diodes. The maximum external quantum efficiency and luminance were improved from 0.13% and 1041 cd m-2 to 2.07% and 12 540 cd m-2, respectively, through device optimization in opaque light-emitting diodes. The corresponding semitransparent device also demonstrated high transmittance (average 61% from 380 to 780 nm) and high brightness of 1619 and 1643 cd m-2 for the bottom and top sides, respectively.