Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in cervical cancer: correlation between quantitative parameters and molecular markers hypoxia-inducible factors-1-alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, and Ki-67.

AIM: To investigate whether dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has the potential to non-invasively detect microenvironmental condition by quantitatively measuring blood perfusion, vessel wall permeability, and vascularity, and to elucidate the possible correlations between DCE-MRI quantitative parameters and the expression level of hypoxia, vascularity, and cell proliferation related molecular biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective single center clinical study, 58 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer underwent DCE-MRI before anticancer treatment were enrolled. Ktrans, Kep, Ve, and Vp were generated from Extended Toft's model. Then patients conducted colposcopy biopsy within 1 week after DCE-MRI. Pretreatment expression levels of HIF-1α, VEGF and Ki-67 were assessed and scored by immunohistochemistry on colposcopy obtained tumor specimens. RESULTS: In HIF-1α low-expression group, Ktrans (p=0.031) and Kep (p=0.012) values were significantly higher than the high-expression group. In VEGF high-expression group, Ktrans (p=0.044) and Ve values (p=0.021) were significantly higher than the low-expression group. In Ki-67 high-expression group, Ktrans (p=0.026) and Kep (p=0.033) were significantly higher than the low-expression group. Multiple linear regression analyses and Pearson correlation revealed that Ktrans independently negatively correlated with HIF-1α expression, Ve independently positively correlated with VEGF, and Kep independently positively correlated with Ki-67. The area under the ROC curves of Ktrans for HIF-1α, Ve for VEGF, and Kep for Ki-67 were 0.728, 0.743, 0.730, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that DCE-MRI quantitative parameters could be potentially used as imaging markers for non-invasively detecting microenvironmental hypoxia, vascularity and proliferation in cervical cancer patients.

Maximal diameters and mean computed tomography (CT) value of synchronous multiple pure ground-glass opacities in lung adenocarcinoma are smaller.

AIMS: Synchronous multiple pure ground-glass opacities (SMpGGOs) are observed more commonly. Nevertheless whether characteristics of SMpGGOs are similar to those of solitary pure ground-glass opacities (SpGGOs), remains unknown. This retrospective study aimed to compare radiographic characteristics between SMpGGOs and SpGGOs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively included patients along with SpGGOs or SMpGGOs at XXX between August 2018 and June 2020. They were enrolled in two groups (SpGGOs and SMpGGOs). The clinical records, pathologic features, and radiographic manifestations of two groups were collected and compared with SPSS 21.0. RESULTS: 138 patients (58 patients with 58 SpGGOs, 80 patients with 187 SMpGGOs) were evaluated. The threshold values of maximal diameters and mean computed tomography value for adenocarcinoma were 5.5 mm (sensitivity 86.4%, specificity 55.6%, AUC 0.777) and -615.0 Hu in SMpGGOs (sensitivity 61.4%, specificity 66.7%, AUC 0.651) for SMpGGOs, whereas 12.5 mm (sensitivity 54.5%, specificity 100%, AUC 0.851) and -531.9 Hu (sensitivity 43.2%, specificity 100%, AUC 0.724) in SpGGOs. CONCLUSION: The threshold values of maximal diameters and mean computed tomography value for adenocarcinoma in SMpGGOs may be smaller than those in SpGGOs (5.5 mm vs. 12.5mm, -615.0 Hu vs. -531.9 Hu).

Role of interleukin-6 and endothelin-1 receptors in enhanced melanocyte dendricity of facial spots and suppression of their ligands by niacinamide and tranexamic acid.

BACKGROUND: Hyperpigmented spots are common issues in all ethnicities with a hallmark characteristic of increased melanocyte dendricity. OBJECTIVES: To determine (1) potential receptors and/or cytokines that are involved in increased melanocyte dendricity in multiple facial spot types; (2) treatment effects of skin-lightening compounds on identified cytokine release from keratinocytes and on dendricity in melanocytes. METHODS: Facial spots (melasma, solar lentigo, acne-induced post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation) and adjacent non-spot skin biopsies were collected from Chinese women (age 20-70). The epidermal supra and basal layers were laser dissected to enrich keratinocyte or melanocyte biology respectively for transcriptome analysis. Melanocyte dendricity was assessed histologically by immunofluorescent staining. Effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) on melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transfer were assessed in human melanocytes or melanocyte-keratinocyte co-culture models. Treatment effects of skin-lightening compounds (niacinamide, tranexamic acid [TxA], sucrose laurate/dilaurate mixture [SDL]) were assessed on IL-6 or ET-1 release from keratinocytes and on dendricity in melanocytes. RESULTS: Transcriptome analysis revealed IL-6 receptor and ET-1 receptor were significantly upregulated compared to the adjacent normal skin, visually confirmed at the protein level through immunostaining. Melanocytes in spot areas are more dendritic than melanocytes in adjacent non-spot skin. The addition of IL-6 and ET-1 to cell culture models increased melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transfer. IL-6 release was significantly suppressed by niacinamide and its combination, while ET-1 release was significantly reduced by both niacinamide and TxA. In contrast, SDL acted directly upon melanocytes to reduce dendricity. CONCLUSION: Interleukin-6 and ET-1 receptors are significantly upregulated in multiple facial spot types. The in vitro testing demonstrated their respective ligands increased melanocyte dendricity. Tested skin-lightening compounds showed reduction in release of IL-6/ET-1 from epidermal keratinocytes and/or inhibition of melanocyte dendricity. This work sheds light on pathophysiological mechanism of facial spots and potential new mechanisms of these skin-lightening compounds which warrant further human clinical validation.

Orychophragmus violaceus and/or chicory forage affects performance, egg quality, sensory evaluation and antioxidative properties in native laying hens.

Orychophragmus violaceus (OV) and chicory (Cichorium intybus L., CC) can be used as fresh or dry forage for animals. To determine whether OV and/or CC have beneficial effects on performance and egg quality, a total of 1212 28-wk-old Beijing You Chicken (BYC) laying hens with similar performance were randomly allocated to 4 groups with 3 replicate pens per group, and 101 birds per pen. The birds were fed a basal diet (control), the basal diet + OV (3.507 kg/d/pen), the basal diet + CC (2.525 kg/d/pen), and the basal diet + OV + CC (OVC, 1.7535 kg/d/pen OV + 1.2625 kg/d/pen CC) for 3 wks after one wk of adaptation. The results showed that egg-laying rate was not affected by OV, CC and OVC (p > 0.05), but weekly average egg mass was significantly increased by OV and CC (p < 0.05). The feed egg ratio in the CC group (2.82) was significantly lower than that in the other three groups (p < 0.05). The eggshell thickness (EST), albumen height (AH) and Haugh unit (HU) were decreased by OV and CC (p < 0.05); while yolk color (YC) was increased in the CC and OVC groups (p < 0.05). Egg grade was decreased by OV (p < 0.05). Sensory evaluation showed that there was a trend for increased YC in OV, CC and OVC (p = 0.089). Serum total protein was significantly lower in OV group than those in the control and CC group (p < 0.05); serum albumin content was significantly decreased in OV, CC and OVC groups (p = 0.006). Serum glutathione peroxidase activity in CC and OVC groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study suggests that CC had a better effect on the performance of the native laying hens than OV. The OV and CC affected egg quality, while YC was increased in CC and OVC groups. The OVC improved YC and serum antioxidative properties of native laying hens without affecting the performance.

Effect of quercetin on granulosa cells development from hierarchical follicles in chicken.

1. The bioflavonoid quercetin is a biologically active component, but its functional regulation of granulosa cells (GCs) during chicken follicular development is little studied. To investigate the effect of quercetin on follicular development in laying hens, an in vitro study was conducted on granulosa cells from hierarchical follicles treated with quercetin.2. The effect of quercetin on cell activity, proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells was detected by CCK-8, EdU and apoptosis assays. The effect on progesterone secretion from granulosa cells was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) mRNA and oestrogen receptors (ERs), as well as the expression of steroid acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3ß-HSD) mRNA during progesterone synthesis, were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). PCNA, StAR and CYP11A1 protein expression levels were detected using Western blotting (WB).3. The results showed that treatment with quercetin in granulosa cells significantly enhanced cell vitality and proliferation, reduced apoptosis and promoted the expression of gene and protein levels of PCNA. The levels of progesterone secretion increased significantly following quercetin treatment, as did the expression levels of StAR and CYP11A1 using the Western Blot (WB) method.4. The mRNA expression levels of ERα were significantly upregulated in the 100 ng/ml and 1000 ng/ml quercetin-treated groups, while there was no significant difference in expression levels of ERß mRNA.

Quercetin ameliorates lipid deposition in primary hepatocytes of the chicken embryo.

1. The accumulation of excessive fat plays a role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and phytogenic feed additives have the potential to ameliorate this. This study involved the isolation and culture of primary hepatocytes from chicken embryos to establish a model of hepatic steatosis induced by oleic acid/dexamethasone (OA/DEX). Lipid accumulation and cell viability were assessed using Nile Red staining, Oil Red O staining and cell count Kit -8 (CCK8) following treatment with varying concentrations of quercetin (Que). The potential mechanism by which Que exerts its effects was preliminarily investigated.2. The results indicated that OA effectively treated lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. There was no notable variance in cell proliferation between the normal and OA/DEX groups when subjected to Que treatment at concentrations of 1000 ng/ml and 10 000 ng/ml. Triglycerides and cholesterol (low and high density) decreased with Que treatment, with the most substantial reduction observed at 10 000 ng/ml.3. Gene expression levels decreased to levels similar to those in the control groups. Western blot data demonstrated that sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) protein expression correlated with its mRNA expression level. Que mitigated lipid accumulation through the alpha serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. Expression levels of lipid-related genes (APOB, PPARα, CYP3A5 and SREBP-1) decreased to levels similar to the control groups. Western blot data demonstrated that the SREBP-1 protein expression correlated with its mRNA expression level.4. Supplementation with Que ameliorated lipid accumulation through AKT and ERK signalling pathway in OA/DEX-induced high-fat hepatocytes.

[Advances in thoracic consolidation radiotherapy after first-line immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy for extensive stage small cell lung cancer].

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 13%~17% of primary bronchial lung cancer. Due to its rapid growth rate, aggressive behavior, early metastasis and poor prognosis, about 70% of patients were diagnosed with extensive-stage (ES) disease. Although most ES-SCLC patients are sensitive to initial chemotherapy, local recurrence and distant metastasis develop in the short term. Immunotherapy has brought the dawn to overcome it. At present, immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with chemotherapy has become an important strategy as first-line therapy for ES-SCLC. Nevertheless, patients are still at a high risk of chest lesion recurrence after initial systemic therapy. Whether the addition of thoracic consolidation radiotherapy (TRT) can reduce chest lesion recurrence rate remains to be determined. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress in the mode of first-line chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy followed by TRT in ES-SCLC, aiming to provide reference for clinical practice.

[Statistical analysis of disability-adjusted life years for stomach and colorectal cancers in Changning District of Shanghai].

Objectives: To analyze the status and temporal changes of disability-adjusted life year (DALY) for stomach and colorectal cancers among registered permanent residents in Changning District of Shanghai Municipality, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of stomach and colorectal cancers in this district. Methods: Using the cancer registration data of stomach and colorectal cancers from 2002 to 2019, we estimated the indices such as the DALYs, the DALY crude rates, the age-standardized DALY rates, etc. Then we used the Joinpoint regression model to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC) and annual percent change (APC) to explore the temporal variations in different periods. Results: The DALYs of stomach and colorectal cancers in Changning District from 2002 to 2019 were 55 931 person years and 65 252 person years, respectively. The crude rates of DALY were 512.16/105 and 597.51/105, respectively. We observed a higher disease burden in men than in women, and the peak rate of DALY in stomach cancer was in the 75-79 years age group, while in colorectal cancer the rate was in the 85-years-or-older age group. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that from 2002 to 2019, the age-standardized DALY rate of stomach cancer showed a downward trend (AAPC=-3.86%, P＜0.05), while the trend of colorectal cancer was not statistically significant(AAPC=-0.08%, P＞0.05). However, the trends in the age-standardized DALY rates of colorectal cancer were different between males and females, with males showing an upward trend (AAPC=1.24%, P＜0.05) and females showing a downward trend (AAPC=-1.67%, P＜0.05). Conclusions: The DALY of stomach and colorectal cancers in Changning District of Shanghai showed a decreasing trend. Males and the middle-aged and elderly populations are still the key targets for disease prevention and control in this district.

Enabling ultra-low-voltage switching in BaTiO3.

Single crystals of BaTiO3 exhibit small switching fields and energies, but thin-film performance is considerably worse, thus precluding their use in next-generation devices. Here, we demonstrate high-quality BaTiO3 thin films with nearly bulk-like properties. Thickness scaling provides access to the coercive voltages (<100 mV) and fields (<10 kV cm-1) required for future applications and results in a switching energy of <2 J cm-3 (corresponding to <2 aJ per bit in a 10 × 10 × 10 nm3 device). While reduction in film thickness reduces coercive voltage, it does so at the expense of remanent polarization. Depolarization fields impact polar state stability in thicker films but fortunately suppress the coercive field, thus driving a deviation from Janovec-Kay-Dunn scaling and enabling a constant coercive field for films <150 nm in thickness. Switching studies reveal fast speeds (switching times of ~2 ns for 25-nm-thick films with 5-µm-diameter capacitors) and a pathway to subnanosecond switching. Finally, integration of BaTiO3 thin films onto silicon substrates is shown. We also discuss what remains to be demonstrated to enable the use of these materials for next-generation devices.

Galectin-8 involves in arthritic condylar bone loss via podoplanin/AKT/ERK axis-mediated inflammatory lymphangiogenesis.

OBJECTIVE: The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the maintenance of tissue fluid homeostasis and the immunological response to inflammation. Galectin-8 (Gal-8) regulates pathological lymphangiogenesis but the effects of which on inflammation-related condylar bone loss in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) have not been well studied. DESIGN: We used TNFα-transgenic (TNFTG) mice and their wildtype (WT) littermates to compare their inflammatory phenotype in TMJs. Next, lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were used to examine the effects of which on osteoclast formation, pro-inflammatory factor expression, and inflammatory lymphangiogenesis with or without thiodigalactoside (TDG, a Gal-8 inhibitor) treatment. At last, two murine models (TNFTG arthritic model and forced mouth opening model) were used to explore TDG as a potential drug for the treatment of inflammation-related condylar bone loss. RESULTS: In comparison to WT mice, lymphatic areas of lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor 1 (LYVE1)+/podoplanin (PDPN)+ and Gal-8+/PDPN+, TRAP-positive osteoclast number, and condylar bone loss are increased in TNFTG mice. Inhibition of Gal-8 in LECs by TDG, reduces TNFα-induced osteoclast formation, pro-inflammatory factor expression, and inflammatory lymphangiogenesis. In addition, Gal-8 promotes TNFα-activated AKT/ERK/NF-κB pathways by binding to PDPN. Finally, the administration of TDG attenuates inflammatory lymphangiogenesis, inhibits osteoclast activity, and reduces condylar bone loss in TNFTG arthritic mice and forced mouth opening mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal the important role of Gal-8-promoted pathological lymphangiogenesis in inflammation-related condylar bone loss.

Probing Complex-Energy Topology via Non-Hermitian Absorption Spectroscopy in a Trapped Ion Simulator.

Non-Hermitian systems generically have complex energies, which may host topological structures, such as links or knots. While there has been great progress in experimentally engineering non-Hermitian models in quantum simulators, it remains a significant challenge to experimentally probe complex energies in these systems, thereby making it difficult to directly diagnose complex-energy topology. Here, we experimentally realize a two-band non-Hermitian model with a single trapped ion whose complex eigenenergies exhibit the unlink, unknot, or Hopf link topological structures. Based on non-Hermitian absorption spectroscopy, we couple one system level to an auxiliary level through a laser beam and then experimentally measure the population of the ion on the auxiliary level after a long period of time. Complex eigenenergies are then extracted, illustrating the unlink, unknot, or Hopf link topological structure. Our work demonstrates that complex energies can be experimentally measured in quantum simulators via non-Hermitian absorption spectroscopy, thereby opening the door for exploring various complex-energy properties in non-Hermitian quantum systems, such as trapped ions, cold atoms, superconducting circuits, or solid-state spin systems.

Evidence for Band Renormalizations in Strong-Coupling Superconducting Alkali-Fulleride Films.

There has been a long-standing debate about the mechanism of the unusual superconductivity in alkali-intercalated fullerides. In this Letter, using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we systematically investigate the electronic structures of superconducting K_{3}C_{60} thin films. We observe a dispersive energy band crossing the Fermi level with the occupied bandwidth of about 130 meV. The measured band structure shows prominent quasiparticle kinks and a replica band involving the Jahn-Teller active phonon modes, which reflects strong electron-phonon coupling in the system. The electron-phonon coupling constant is estimated to be about 1.2, which dominates the quasiparticle mass renormalization. Moreover, we observe an isotropic nodeless superconducting gap beyond the mean-field estimation (2Δ/k_{B}T_{c}≈5). Both the large electron-phonon coupling constant and large reduced superconducting gap suggest a strong-coupling superconductivity in K_{3}C_{60}, while the electronic correlation effect is suggested by the observation of a waterfall-like band dispersion and the small bandwidth compared with the effective Coulomb interaction. Our results not only directly visualize the crucial band structure but also provide important insights into the mechanism of the unusual superconductivity of fulleride compounds.

Anisotropic magnetoresistance and electronic features of the candidate topological compound praseodymium monobismuthide.

PrBi, a sister member of the rare-earth monopnictide family, is an excellent candidate for studying extreme magnetoresistance and nontrivial topological electronic states. In this study, we perform angular magnetoresistance measurements as well as bulk and surface band structure calculations on this compound. PrBi's magnetoresistance is revealed to be significantly angle-dependent and shows a fourfold symmetry as always observed in the nonmagnetic isostructural counterparts, including LaSb, LaBi, and LuBi. Its angular magnetoresistance can be reproduced well using the semiclassical two-band model. The deduced parameters suggest that PrBi hosts an elongated electron pocket with a mobility anisotropy of ∼3.13 and is slightly uncompensated in its carrier concentration. Our bulk and surface band structure calculations confirm the anisotropic electronic features. Moreover, we reveal that a nodal-line-shaped surface state appears at the X̄ point, and is associated with the quadratic dispersion along the -X̄ direction, and the linear type-I Dirac dispersion along the X̄-M̄ direction. Owing to the type-I Dirac dispersion feature, PrBi could serve as a promising material platform for studying many unexpected physical properties, such as the highly anisotropic transport and valley polarization of electrons.

[Development and validation of prognostic nomogram for malignant pleural mesothelioma].

Objective: To development the prognostic nomogram for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Methods: Two hundred and ten patients pathologically confirmed as MPM were enrolled in this retrospective study from 2007 to 2020 in the People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, the First and Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, and divided into training (n=112) and test (n=98) sets according to the admission time. The observation factors included demography, symptoms, history, clinical score and stage, blood cell and biochemistry, tumor markers, pathology and treatment. The Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the prognostic factors of 112 patients in the training set. According to the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis, the prognostic prediction nomogram was established. C-Index and calibration curve were used to evaluate the model's discrimination and consistency in raining and test sets, respectively. Patients were stratified according to the median risk score of nomogram in the training set. Log rank test was performed to compare the survival differences between the high and low risk groups in the two sets. Results: The median overall survival (OS) of 210 MPM patients was 384 days (IQR=472 days), and the 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were 75.7%, 52.6%, 19.7%, and 13.0%, respectively. Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that residence (HR=2.127, 95% CI: 1.154-3.920), serum albumin (HR=1.583, 95% CI: 1.017-2.464), clinical stage (stage Ⅳ: HR=3.073, 95% CI: 1.366-6.910) and the chemotherapy (HR=0.476, 95% CI: 0.292-0.777) were independent prognostic factors for MPM patients. The C-index of the nomogram established based on the results of Cox multivariate regression analysis in the training and test sets were 0.662 and 0.613, respectively. Calibration curves for both the training and test sets showed moderate consistency between the predicted and actual survival probabilities of MPM patients at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. The low-risk group had better outcomes than the high-risk group in both training (P=0.001) and test (P=0.003) sets. Conclusion: The survival prediction nomogram established based on routine clinical indicators of MPM patients provides a reliable tool for prognostic prediction and risk stratification.

[Efficacy of CT-guided partial radiofrequency ablation of bilateral responsible cranial nerves in the treatment of Meige syndrome].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of CT-guided partial radiofrequency ablation of bilateral responsible cranial nerves in the treatment of Meige syndrome. Methods: The Clinical data of 56 patients with Meige syndrome in the Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University from June 2019 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed [19 males and 37 females, aged 42-76 (58.6±8.3) years], including 51 cases of blepharospasm, 3 cases of oromandibular dystonia and 2 cases of blepharospasm concomitant with oromandibular dystonia. CT-guided partial radiofrequency ablation of bilateral responsible cranial nerves was performed on different types of Meige syndrome. And the efficacy and complications of the technique were observed. Results: Fifty-one patients with blepharospasm Meige syndrome underwent CT-guided radiofrequency of facial nerve through bilateral stylomastoid foramen punctures, the symptoms of blepharospasm disappeared completely, leaving bilateral mild and moderate facial paralysis symptoms. Three patients with oral-mandibular dystonia underwent CT-guided radiofrequency therapy by bilateral foramen ovale puncture of mandibular branches of trigeminal nerve, masticatory muscle spasm disappeared, the patients had no difficulty opening the mouth, and the skin numbness in bilateral mandibular nerve innervation area was left. Two cases of Meige syndrome with blepharospasm concomitant with oromandibular dystonia were treated by radiofrequency of facial nerve and mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve, and all symptoms disappeared. The patients were followed up for 1-44 months after the operation, and the symptoms of mild and moderate facial paralysis disappeared at (3.2±0.8) months after the operation, but the numbness did not disappear. Three patients with blepharospasm recurred at the 14, 18 and 22 months after the operation, respectively, while the rest cases did not recur. Conclusions: According to different types of Meige syndrome, CT-guided partial radiofrequency ablation of responsible cranial nerves can effectively treat the corresponding type of Meige syndrome. The complications are only mild and moderate facial paralysis which can be recovered, and/or skin numbness in the mandibular region.

[Quantitative study of supraspinatus tendon injury grading based on synthetic magnetic resonance imaging].

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of quantitative parameters of synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) in the grade of supraspinatus tendon injury. Methods: Ninety-seven patients with clinical definite of supraspinatus tendon injury from July 2021 to July 2022 in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University were prospectively collected (case group), including 54 males and 43 females, with an age of 29 to 56 (37.4±9.6) years. According to the results of shoulder arthroscopy, the case group were divided into three subgroups included tendinopathy group (37 cases, grade Ⅱ), partial tear group (34 cases, grade Ⅲ) and complete tear group (26 cases, grade Ⅳ). During the same period, 28 normal rotator cuff volunteers without supraspinatus tendon injury were recruited (control group), including 16 males and 12 females, aged 23 to 49 (36.1±7.2) years, and marked as grade Ⅰ. All the subjects underwent MRI scan of articulatio humeri included T1-weighted imaging(T1WI) fast spin echo(FSE) sequences in axial view, T2-weighted imaging(T2WI) fat suppression(FS) sequences in axial view, T2WI FS sequences in oblique coronal view, proton density-weighted (PDW) imaging in oblique sagittal view and SyMRI in oblique coronal view. The supraspinatus tendon was divided into lateral, medial and middle subregions according to its shape in oblique coronal T2WI view, two radiologists measured the T1, T2 and PD values of the supraspinatus tendon. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to compare the consistency between and within observers. One-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to compare the differences of quantitative parameters in different grades, the multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of supraspinatus tendon injury grade, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under curve (AUC) was drawn and calculated to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy. The Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the quantitative values and grades of supraspinatus tendon injury. Results: The ICC values of T1, T2 and PD values for the three subregions of the supraspinatus tendon were greater than 0. 700. The differences of T1 values in the lateral subregion, T2 values in the lateral and middle subregions were statistically significant in the overall comparison across different grades (all P<0. 001).The differences of T1 values in the middle and medial subregions, T2 values in the medial subregion and PD values in the lateral, middle and medial subregions were not statistically significant in the overall comparison of different grades (all P>0. 05). Multiple logistic regression model analysis showed that T2 values in the lateral and middle subregions were related factors for the grade of supraspinatus tendon injury[ OR (95%CI):1.123 (1.037-1.216), 0.122 (1.151-1.197);all P<0.001 ]. The AUC of the T2 values in lateral subregion diagnosing grade Ⅰ vs grade Ⅳ, grade Ⅱ vs grade Ⅳ and grade Ⅲ vs grade Ⅳ were 0.891(95%CI: 0.801-0.981), 0.797(95%CI: 0.680-0.914), 0.723(95%CI: 0.594-0.853) (all P<0.001), and the AUC of the T2 values in middle subregion diagnosing grade Ⅰ vs Ⅳ, grade Ⅱ vs Ⅳ, grade Ⅱ vs Ⅲ, and grade Ⅰ vs Ⅲ were 0.946 (95%CI: 0.849-0.989), 0.886 (95%CI: 0.809-0.962), 0.746 (95%CI: 0.631-0.861), 0.843 (95%CI: 0.745-0.941)(all P<0.001). The T2 values in the lateral and middle subregions were positively correlated with the grade of supraspinatus tendon injury (r=0.542, 0.615; both P<0.001), while T1 values and T2 values in the medial subregions were not significantly correlated with the grade of supraspinatus tendon injury (both P>0.05). Conclusion: SyMRI has high clinical application value in the grading of supraspinatus tendon injury, especially T2 value can be used as an effective quantitative parameter for the grading of supraspinatus tendon injury.

[Analysis of typing conversion and perinatal outcomes in twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction of different subtypes].

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of different types of selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) pregnant women under expectant management, including the natural evolution, typing conversion and perinatal outcomes. Methods: The clinical data of 153 pregnant women with sIUGR under expected treatment in Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2014 to December 2018 were collected. Maternal characteristics including maternal age, gravidity, parity, method of conception, pregnancy complication, gestational age at delivery, indication for delivery, birth weight, the rate of intrauterine and neonatal death and neonatal outcomes were recorded. Pregnant women with sIUGR were divided into three types according to end-diastolic umbilical artery flow Doppler ultrasonography, and the differences of typing conversion and perinatal outcomes of sIUGR pregnant women based on the first diagnosis were compared. Results: (1) Clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes: among 153 pregnant women with sIUGR, 100 cases (65.3%) were diagnosed with type Ⅰ, 35 cases (22.9%) with type Ⅱ, and 18 cases (11.8%) with type Ⅲ. There were no significant differences in age, conception mode, pregnancy complications, first diagnosis gestational age, characteristics of umbilical cord insertion, delivery indications, fetal intrauterine mortality and neonatal mortality among three types of sIUGR pregnant women (all P>0.05). The average gestational age at delivery of type Ⅰ sIUGR was (33.5±1.9) weeks, which was significantly later than those of type Ⅱ and Ⅲ [(31.3±1.8), (31.2±1.1) weeks, P<0.001]. The percentage disordance in estimated fetal weight (EFW) of type Ⅰ sIUGR was significantly lower than those of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ (P<0.001). The incidence rate of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, cerebral leukomalacia and respiratory complications of both fetus and necrotizing enterocolitis of large fetus in type Ⅰ were significantly lower than those in type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ (all P<0.05). (2) Typing conversion: in 100 cases of type Ⅰ sIUGR, 18 cases progressed to type Ⅱ and 10 cases progressed to type Ⅲ. Compared with 72 stable type Ⅰ sIUGR, those with progressed type Ⅰ sIUGR had higher incidence of NICU admission and lung disease in both fetuses, and cerebral leukomalacia and necrotizing enterocolitis in large fetus (all P<0.05). The proportion of inconsistent cord insertion was significantly higher in those type Ⅰ progressed to type Ⅲ (6/10) than in those with stable type Ⅰ (19.4%, 14/72) and type Ⅰ progressed to type Ⅱ sIUGR [0 (0/18), P=0.001]. Four cases of type Ⅱ sIUGR reversed to type Ⅰ and 6 cases reversed to type Ⅲ. Compared with type Ⅱ reversed to type Ⅰ sIUGR, those stable type Ⅱ and type Ⅱ reversed to type Ⅲ sIUGR had a higher incidence of NICU admission in large fetus (P<0.05). Two cases of type Ⅲ sIUGR reversed to type Ⅰ and 6 cases progressed to type Ⅱ. There were no significant differences in fetal serious complications in type Ⅲ sIUGR with or without doppler changes (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The different types of sIUGR could convert to each other. The frequency of ultrasound examinations should be increased for patients with the type Ⅰ sIUGR, especially when the percentage discordance in EFW is substantial or with discordant cord insersion.

[The concept and development direction of elderly oriented food].

Active response to the challenges posed by aging has been established as a national strategy, accompanied by continuous refinement of policies concerning aging work. Decreased digestive system function is commonly present in the natural aging process of older people, which directly affects their food intake, digestion, and absorption, leading to decreased appetite and various forms of malnutrition. It is also a risk factor for age-related diseases such as sarcopenia, osteoporosis, cognitive impairment, and frailty. Nutrition is the foundation for achieving healthy aging. In order to meet the nutritional needs of the elderly population, the Nutrition and Healthy Aging Working Group at the Shanghai Junshi Institute of Life Sciences introduced the concept of "elderly-oriented food" in 2022. In the future, there is an urgent need for comprehensive collaborative efforts to conduct a series of investigations focused on the dietary habits and nutritional requirements of older individuals, in order to evaluate the level of awareness, genuine demands, dietary preferences, and capabilities of selection regarding to the elderly-oriented food. Simultaneously, it is recommended to introduce "Guidelines for the production and application of elderly-oriented food" at the national level to promote the sustainable and orderly development in food industry.

[Prevalence and trends of anemia among pregnant women in eight provinces of China from 2016 to 2020].

This study analyzed the anemia status and change trend of 219 835 pregnant women in eight provinces from 2016 to 2020 in the Maternal and Newborn Health Monitoring Program(MNHMP). The results showed that from 2016 to 2020, the anemia rate of pregnant women in eight provinces was 41.27%, and the rates of mild, moderate and severe anemia were 28.56%, 12.59% and 0.12% respectively; the anemia rates in eastern, central and western regions were 41.87%, 36.09% and 44.63% respectively, and the anemia rates in urban and rural areas were 39.87% and 42.23%. From 2016 to 2020, the anemia rate of pregnant women decreased from 44.93% to 38.22%, with an average annual decline of 3.86% (95%CI:-5.84%, -1.85%). The anemia rate among pregnant women of the eastern region (AAPC=-6.16%, 95%CI:-9.79%, -2.38%) fell faster than that among pregnant women of the central region (AAPC=0.71%, 95%CI:-6.59%, 8.57%) and western region (AAPC=-1.53%, 95%CI:-5.19%, 2.28%). From 2016 to 2020, the moderate anemia rate in pregnant women decreased from 14.98% to 10.74%, with an average annual decline of 8.72% (95%CI:-12.90%, -4.34%), with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05); AAPC for mild and severe anemia in pregnant women was 1.56% (95%CI: 3.44%, 0.36%) and 18.86% (95%CI: 39.88%, 9.52%), respectively, without statistically significant difference (P>0.05).

[Nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic-type associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a clinicopathological study].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and molecular genetics of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) with concurrent or secondary to nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic-type (nTFHL-AI). Methods: The clinicopathological features and molecular genetics of DLBCL associated with nTFHL-AI diagnosed between January 2015 and October 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were analyzed using histology, immunohistochemistry, PCR, EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Clinical information was collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 6 cases including 3 nTFHL-AI with secondary DLBCL and 3 composite lymphomas were reviewed. There were 4 male and 2 female patients, whose ages ranged from 40 to 74 years (median 57 years). All patients presented with nodal lesions at an advanced Ann Arbor stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ (6/6). Bone marrow involvement was detected in 4 patients. All cases showed typical histologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of nTFHL-AI. Among them, 5 cases of DLBCL with concurrent nTFHL-AI exhibited numerous large atypical lymphoid cells and the tumor cells were CD20 and CD79α positive. The only case of DLBCL secondary to nTFHL-AI showed plasma cell differentiation and reduced expression of CD20. All of cases were activated B-cell (ABC)/non-germinal center B-cell (non-GCB) subtype. Three of the 6 cases were EBV positive with>100 positive cells/high power field, meeting the diagnostic criteria of EBV+DLBCL. The expression of MYC and CD30 protein in the DLBCL region was higher than that in the nTFHL-AI region (n=5). C-MYC, bcl-6 and bcl-2 translocations were not detected in the 4 cases that were subject to FISH. Four of the 6 patients received chemotherapy after diagnosis. For the DLBCL cases of nTFHL-AI with secondary DLBCL, the interval was between 2-20 months. During the follow-up period ranging from 3-29 months, 3 of the 6 patients died of the disease. Conclusions: DLBCL associated with nTFHL-AI is very rare. The expansion of EBV-infected B cells in nTFHL-AI may progress to secondary EBV+DLBCL. However, EBV-negative cases have also been reported, suggesting possible other mechanisms. The up-regulation of MYC expression in these cases suggests a possible role in B-cell lymphomagenesis. Clinicians should be aware that another biopsy is still necessary to rule out concurrent or secondary DLBCL when nodal and extranodal lesions are noted after nTFHL-AI treatment.