[Preventive early intervention strategies for neurodevelopmental disorders of high-risk infants]. / é«˜å±å„¿ç¥žç»å‘è‚²éšœç¢é¢„é˜²æ€§æ—©æœŸå¹²é¢„ç ”ç©¶è¿›å±•.

Neurodevelopmental disorders in children have become a significant global public health concern, impacting child health worldwide. In China, the current intervention model for high-risk infants involves early diagnosis and early treatment. However, in recent years, overseas studies have explored novel preventive early intervention strategies for neurodevelopmental disorders in high-risk infants, achieving promising results. This article provides a comprehensive review of the optimal timing, methods, and intervention models of the preventive early intervention strategies for neurodevelopmental disorders in high-risk infants. The aim is to enhance the awareness and knowledge of healthcare professionals regarding preventive early intervention strategies for neurodevelopmental disorders in high-risk infants, facilitate clinical research and application of such interventions in China, and ultimately reduce the incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders in this high-risk population.

[Oxygen reserve index: a new parameter for oxygen therapy]. / 氧储备指数：氧疗监测的新方法.

Oxygen reserve index (ORI) is a novel dimensionless index used for noninvasive, real-time, and continuous monitoring of oxygenation, and ORI value ranges from 0 to 1, which reflects the range of 100-200 mmHg for arterial partial pressure of oxygen. ORI combined with pulse oximetry may help to accurately adjust the concentration of inspired oxygen and prevent hyperoxemia and hypoxemia. ORI is suitable for various clinical situations, and the medical staff should master this novel parameter and use it properly to assess the oxygenation of patients. In addition, several limitations of ORI should be noticed during clinical application.

[The role and mechanism of autophagy in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response of A549 cells]. / 自噬在脂多糖诱导的A549ç»†èƒžç‚Žç—‡ååº”ä¸­çš„ä½œç”¨åŠæœºåˆ¶ç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To study the role and mechanism of autophagy in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response of human alveolar epithelial A549 cells. METHODS: A549 cells were stimulated with LPS to establish a cell model of inflammatory response, and were then grouped (n=3 each) by concentration (0, 1, 5, and 10 µg/mL) and time (0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours). The A549 cells were treated with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) to be divided into four groups (n=3 each): control, LPS, 3-MA, and 3-MA+LPS. The A549 cells were treated with autophagy agonist rapamycin (RAPA) to be divided into four groups (n=3 each): control, LPS, RAPA, and RAPA+LPS. The A549 cells were transfected with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) overexpression plasmid to be divided into four groups (n=3 each): TLR4 overexpression control, TLR4 overexpression, TLR4 overexpression control+LPS, and TLR4 overexpression+LPS. The A549 cells were transfected with TLR4 siRNA to be divided into four groups (n=3 each): TLR4 silencing control,TLR4 silencing, TLR4 silencing control+LPS, and TLR4 silencing+LPS. CCK-8 assay was used to measure cell viability. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of inflammatory indicators (NLRP3, Caspase-1, and ASC), autophagic indicators (LC3B, Beclin-1, and P62), and TLR4. RESULTS: After stimulation with 1 µg/mL LPS for 12 hours, the levels of inflammatory indicators (NLRP3, Caspase-1, and ASC), autophagic indicators (LC3B, Beclin-1, and P62), and TLR4 increased and reached the peak (P<0.05). Compared with the LPS group, the 3-MA+LPS group had reduced expression of autophagy-related proteins and increased expression of inflammation-related proteins and TLR4, while the RAPA+LPS group had increased expression of autophagy-related proteins and reduced inflammation-related proteins and TLR4 (P<0.05). The TLR4 overexpression+LPS group had reduced autophagy-related proteins and increased inflammation-related proteins compared with the TLR4 overexpression control+LPS group, and the TLR4 silencing+LPS group had increased autophagy-related proteins and reduced inflammation-related proteins compared with the TLR4 silencing control+LPS group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the LPS-induced inflammatory response of human alveolar epithelial A549 cells, autophagic flux has a certain protective effect on A549 cells. TLR4-mediated autophagic flux negatively regulates the LPS-induced inflammatory response of A549 cells.

[Clinical evaluation of Compound Chamomile and Lidocaine Hydrochloride Gel for postoperative hypospadias in children].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Compound Chamomile and Lidocaine Hydrochloride Gel for postoperative hypospadias in children. METHODS: From January to December 2020, we treated 116 children with distal hypospadias in the Department of Urology, Department of Pediatrics and the Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, 58 by primary Snodgrass urethroplasty only (the control group) and the other 58 with Compound Chamomile and Lidocaine Hydrochloride Gel smeared on the penis postoperatively in addition (the trial group). We compared the operation time and postoperative pain score, edema regression and incidence of infection between the two groups, followed by statistical analysis using T test and Chi-square test. RESULTS: All the operations were successfully completed by the same surgeon under general anesthesia. There were no statistically significant differences between the trial and control groups in age (ï¼»2.5 ± 0.8ï¼½ vs ï¼»2.4 ± 0.6ï¼½ yr, P > 0.05) or operation time (ï¼»95.6 ± 14.5ï¼½ vs ï¼»97.1 ± 15.2ï¼½ min, P > 0.05). No incision infection occurred in any of the cases. The pain scores at dressing removal were remarkably lower in the trial than in the control group at 2 hours (1.4 ± 1.0 vs 2.6 ± 1.3, P < 0.05), 24 hours (2.2 ± 1.3 vs 3.9 ± 1.6, P < 0.05), 48 hours (1.2 ± 0.7 vs 1.6 ± 0.9, P < 0.05) and 72 hours after surgery (2.5 ± 0.8 vs 3.7 ± 1.8, P < 0.05). Significantly more cases of edema regression were achieved in the trial than in the control group at 2 weeks postoperatively (35 vs 19, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compound Chamomile and Lidocaine Hydrochloride Gel can effectively relieve pain, reduce edema and accelerate edema regression after surgery in children with hypospadias, and therefore deserves wide clinical application.、.

[Sudden unexpected postnatal collapse in a neonate].

A healthy full-term female neonate, aged 3 days and born by vaginal delivery (with a 1-minute Apgar score of 10 and a 5-minute Apgar score of 10), had unexpected cardiac and respiratory arrests in the early morning on day 3 after birth and recovered to spontaneous breathing and heartbeat after a 10-minute resuscitation. The child had poor response and convulsion after resuscitation. Blood gas analysis showed metabolic acidosis, and amplitude-integrated EEG showed a burst-suppression pattern. She was diagnosed with sudden unexpected postnatal collapse but improved after hypothermia and symptomatic/supportive treatment. This article reports the first case of sudden unexpected postnatal collapse in China and summarizes related risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, and preventive and treatment measures of this disorder.

[Continuous expression and functional prediction of circular RNA in mouse lung development].

OBJECTIVE: To study the continuous expression and potential function of circular RNA (circRNA), circ4:150439343|150477468 and circ15:73330849|73343359, in mouse lung development. METHODS: According to the stage of lung development, lung tissue samples were collected from mice on embryonic day 16.5 (E16.5), embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5), and postnatal day 2 (P2). Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to observe the morphology of lung tissue. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the mRNA expression of circ4:150439343|150477468 and circ15:73330849|73343359 during late lung development; miRanda and TargetScan were used to predict the target miRNAs of circRNAs, and then GO and KEGG analysis was performed for the target genes to predict the potential function of circRNAs. RESULTS: Type II alveolar epithelial cells were observed in the lung slices of E16.5 mice, with a gradual increase in number. On P2, the pulmonary alveoli expanded rapidly, the pulmonary interstitium became thinner, and the alveolar structure gradually became mature. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression of circ4:150439343|150477468 was continuously upregulated over time and the relative expression of circ15:73330849|73343359 was first downregulated and then upregulated (P<0.05). The KEGG and GO analysis showed that circRNAs were involved in the Notch, PI3K-Akt, and NF-κB signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS: Circ4:150439343|150477468 and circ15:73330849|73343359 can participate in lung development through the Notch signaling pathway.

[A clinical epidemiological investigation of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome in southwest Hubei, China].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and outcome of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in southwest Hubei, China. METHODS: According to the Montreux definition of neonatal ARDS, a retrospective clinical epidemiological investigation was performed on the medical data of neonates with ARDS who were admitted to Department of Neonatology/Pediatrics in 17 level 2 or level 3 hospitals in southwest Hubei from January to December, 2017. RESULTS: A total of 7 150 neonates were admitted to the 17 hospitals in southwest Hubei during 2017 and 66 (0.92%) were diagnosed with ARDS. Among the 66 neonates with ARDS, 23 (35%) had mild ARDS, 28 (42%) had moderate ARDS, and 15 (23%) had severe ARDS. The main primary diseases for neonatal ARDS were perinatal asphyxia in 23 neonates (35%), pneumonia in 18 neonates (27%), sepsis in 12 neonates (18%), and meconium aspiration syndrome in 10 neonates (15%). Among the 66 neonates with ARDS, 10 neonates (15%) were born to the mothers with an age of ≥35 years, 30 neonates (45%) suffered from intrauterine distress, 32 neonates (49%) had a 1-minute Apgar score of 0 to 7 points, 24 neonates (36%) had abnormal fetal heart monitoring results, and 21 neonates (32%) experienced meconium staining of amniotic fluid. Intraventricular hemorrhage was the most common comorbidity (12 neonates), followed by neonatal shock (9 neonates) and patent ductus arteriosus (8 neonates). All 66 neonates with ARDS were treated with mechanical ventilation in addition to the treatment for primary diseases. Among the 66 neonates with ARDS, 10 died, with a mortality rate of 15% (10/66), and 56 neonates were improved or cured, with a survival rate of 85% (56/66). CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal ARDS in southwest Hubei is mostly mild or moderate. Perinatal asphyxia and infection may be the main causes of neonatal ARDS in this area. Intraventricular hemorrhage is the most common comorbidity. Neonates with ARDS tend to have a high survival rate after multimodality treatment.

Novel penile circumcision suturing devices versus the shang ring for adult male circumcision: a prospective study.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel penile circumcision suturing devices PCSD and Shang ring (SR) for circumcision in an adult population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 124 outpatients were randomly assigned to receive PCSD (n=62) or SR (n=62). Patient characteristics, operative time, blood loss, return to normal activities time (RNAT), visual analogue scale (VAS), scar width, wound healing time, cosmetic result, and complications were recorded. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in blood loss, RNAT, or complications between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the VAS scores at theduring operation, and 6 or 24 hours after surgery (P>0.05). The wound scar width was wider in the SR group than in the PCSD group (P<0.01). Patients in the SR group had significantly longer wound healing time compared with those in the PCSD group (P<0.01). Patients who underwent PCSD wereere significantly more satisfied with the cosmetic results (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: SR and PCSD are safe and effective minimally invasive techniques for adult male circumcision. Compared with SRs, PCSDs have the advantages of faster postoperative incision healing and a good effect on wound cosmetics.

[Diagnostic values of prealbumin and retinol-binding protein for liver damage caused by different degrees of neonatal asphyxia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic values of prealbumin (PAB) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) for liver damage caused by mild or severe asphyxia. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 185 neonates (including 84 premature infants and 101 full-term infants) with asphyxia. Based on the Apgar score, they were divided into two groups: mild asphyxia group (n=150) and severe asphyxia group (n=35). The levels of PAB, RBP, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured and compared. Their diagnostic values for liver damage were evaluated by ROC curve analysis. RESULTS: The premature infants in the severe asphyxia group had significantly higher AST level and significantly lower levels of PAB and RBP than those in the mild asphyxia group (P<0.05). The full-term infants in the severe asphyxia group had a significantly lower PAB level than those in the mild asphyxia group (P<0.05). After treatment, the PAB level was significantly improved in the premature infants in the severe asphyxia group and in the full-term infants in both mild and severe asphyxia group (P<0.05). The full-term infants in the mild asphyxia groups also showed a significant improvement in AST level (P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that PAB had a good sensitivity and specificity for identifying liver damage caused by mild or severe asphyxia in full-term and preterm infants. CONCLUSIONS: PAB can be used as an indicator of liver damage caused by asphyxia in neonates, and can be used to assess the degree of asphyxia.

Inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants: An updated meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: In the past several years, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have indicated that inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) can potentially lower for both the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and mortality in affected infants. Other research has, however, disagreed with these findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed an updated meta analysis of all relevant RCTs to assess the benefits of iNO in preterm infants by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane databases, Wanfang, VIP, and CNKI databases for English and Chinese references. RESULTS: Ultimately, 22 RCTs were incorporated. (1) Risk of BPD was significantly lower in preterm infants supplemented with iNO (relative risk [RR] = 0.88; P = 0.0007). There are no differences concerning pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) (RR = 0.94; P = 0.72). (2) Incidences of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and severe intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were compared. No significant difference was discovered concerning these risks (RR = 1.21, P = 0.08; RR = 1.01, P = 0.89; and RR = 0.99, P = 0.86). (3) In addition, no significant differences were found between experimental and control groups with respect to morality. (RR = 1.00, P = 0.98). CONCLUSION: Our meta analysis has shown a beneficial effect in BPD and morality. In addition, our meta analysis suggests that iNO therapy does not increase the risk of common complications, such as NEC and ROP, and that it may also have no adverse effect on bleeding tendency diseases (severe ICH and PH).

[Diagnostic value of prealbumin for severe necrotizing enterocolitis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features of severe neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and to investigate the diagnostic value of prealbumin (PA) in neonates with severe NEC. METHODS: The clinical data and results of routine blood test and blood biochemical test of 40 neonates with NEC (29 neonates with NEC II and 11 with NEC III) were analyzed. The multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were applied to investigate the value of PA in the diagnosis of severe NEC. RESULTS: The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PA was an important index for the diagnosis of severe NEC (≥IIB). The ROC analysis showed that in the diagnosis of severe NEC (≥IIB), PA had high sensitivity (0.870) and specificity (0.647). CONCLUSIONS: PA has a good value in the diagnosis of severe NEC.

[Role of miRNA-210 in hypoxic-ischemic brain edema in neonatal rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of miRNA-210 in hypoxic-ischemic brain edema in neonatal rats. METHODS: A total of 80 neonatal rats were randomly divided into control group, normal saline group, miRNA-210 expression inhibition group, and miRNA-210 overexpression group, with 20 rats in each group. Each group was randomly divided into sham-operation group and hypoxia-ischemia (HI) group, with 10 rats in each group. The neonatal rats in the HI group were treated with ligation of the left common carotid artery and then put in a hypoxia cabin with mixed gas of 8% O2 and 92% N2 for 2 hours; those in the sham-operation group were treated with isolation of the left common carotid artery only, without ligation or hypoxia treatment. After HI or sham-operation, the rats in the normal saline group, miRNA-210 expression inhibition group, and miRNA-210 overexpression group were intracranially injected with normal saline (2.5 mg/kg), miRNA-210 inhibitor (2.5 mg/kg), and miRNA-210 mimic (2.5 mg/kg) respectively. No treatment was given to the rats in the control group. The rats were sacrificed three days later, and the left brain tissue was harvested. Fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to measure the expression of miRNA-210; the dry-wet weight method was used to measure the water content of brain tissue; hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the histomorphological changes in the brain. RESULTS: The HI groups showed significant reductions in the expression of miRNA-210 and significant increases in the water content of brain tissue compared with the corresponding sham-operation groups (P<0.05). Compared with the normal saline HI group, the miRNA-210 expression inhibition HI group showed a significant reduction in the expression of miRNA-210 and a significant increase in the water content of brain tissue (P<0.05), and the miRNA-210 overexpression HI group showed a significant increase in the expression of miRNA-210 and a significant reduction in the water content of brain tissue (P<0.05). The results of hematoxylin and eosin staining suggested that the miRNA-210 expression inhibition HI group showed marked edema, and the miRNA-210 overexpression HI group showed a significant improvement in edema. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal rats show down-regulated expression of miRNA-210 after HI, suggesting that miRNA-210 may be involved in the development and progression of hypoxic-ischemic brain edema in neonatal rats.

[Clinical analysis of 52 cases of 21-hydroxylase-deficient congenital adrenal hyperplasia].

OBJECTIVE: To gain more insight into congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) by analyzing the clinical data of children with 21-hydroxylase-deficient CAH. METHODS: The clinical data of 52 children with 21-hydroxylase-deficient CAH were collected. Based on the disease severity and the presence of salt-losing manifestations, the children were classified into three groups: masculine type (n=15), salt-losing type (n=28), and atypical type (n=9). The clinical data of children with different types of CAH were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: The male-to-female ratio of the 52 cases was 1.6:1; the age of onset was less than 1 month after birth in 41 cases; 4 cases had a positive family history. Clitoral hypertrophy was the most common symptom in children with masculine CAH (87%). Pigmentation (89%), feeding difficulties and growth retardation (61%) were the most common symptoms in children with salt-losing CAH. Pigmentation (78%) was the most common symptom in children with atypical CAH. The three groups of children had different degrees of changes in the levels of adrenocorticotrophic hormone, cortisol, testosterone, and estradiol. Such changes were most pronounced in children with salt-losing CAH and were often accompanied by hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis. After treatment with hydrocortisone and/or 9-alpha fluorohydrocortisone, cortical hormone levels improved in all the children, and the levels of cortisol, testosterone, estradiol, and electrolytes improved significantly after treatment in children with salt-losing CAH (P<0.05). In 22 patients who were followed up, 9 were re-hospitalized due to infection, and 8 developed sexual precocity. CONCLUSIONS: Different types of CAH have different clinical symptoms. It is important that hormone replacement should be initiated as early as possible to improve prognosis.

Renovascular morphological changes in a rabbit model of hydronephrosis.

Obstructive nephropathy ultimately leads to end-stage renal failure. Renovascular lesions are involved in various nephropathies, and most renal diseases have an ischemic component that underlies the resulting renal fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether morphological changes occur in the renal vasculature in hydronephrosis and the possible mechanisms involved. A model of complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO) was used. Experimental animals were divided into five groups: a normal control group (N) and groups of animals at 1st week (O1), 2nd week (O2), 4th week (O4) and 8th week (O8) after CUUO. Blood pressure was measured, renal arterial trees and glomeruli were assessed quantitatively, and renovascular three-dimensional reconstruction was performed on all groups. Glomerular ultrastructural changes were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in the obstructed groups (O1, O2, O4 and O8). Three-dimensional reconstruction showed sparse arterial trees in the O8 group, and a tortuous and sometimes ruptured glomerular basement membrane was found in the O4 and O8 groups. Furthermore, epithelial media thickness and media/lumen ratio were increased, lumen diameters were decreased, and the cross-sectional area of the media was unaltered in the segmental renal artery, interlobar artery and afferent arterioles, respectively. In conclusion, renal arterial trees and glomeruli were dramatically altered following CUUO and the changes may be partially ascribed to vascular remodeling. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of renovascular morphological alterations will enable the development of potential therapeutic approaches for hydronephrosis.

The application value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing technology in the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal infectious meningitis - a single center retrospective case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study was conducted to investigate the application value of metagenomics next generation sequencing (mNGS) technology in the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal infectious meningitis. METHODS: From 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2022, 73 newborns suspected of infectious meningitis were hospitalized. After screening by inclusion and exclusion criteria, 69 newborns were subsequently included in the study, containing 27 cases with positive mNGS result and 42 cases with negative mNGS result. Furthermore, according to the diagnosis of meningitis, mNGS positive group and mNGS negative group were further divided into infectious meningitis with mNGS (+) group (n = 27) and infectious meningitis with mNGS (-) group (n = 26), respectively. RESULTS: (1) Compared with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, mNGS has better diagnostic value [positive predictive value (PPV) = 100.00% (27/27), negative predictive value (NPV) = 38.10% (16/42), agreement rate = 62.32% (43/69), area under the curve (AUC) = 0.750, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.636-0.864]. (2) There were significant differences in the onset age, age at first CSF test, CSF leukocyte count, CSF glucose, positive rate of CSF culture, blood leukocyte count, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reaction protein (CRP), age at first mNGS test and adjusting anti-infective medication in the comparison between infectious meningitis with mNGS (+) group and infectious meningitis with mNGS (-) group (p < 0.05). (3) mNGS could help improve the cure rate [crude odds ratio (OR) = 3.393, 95%CI: 1.072-10.737; adjusted OR = 15.580, 95%CI: 2.114-114.798]. CONCLUSION: Compared with classic meningitis detection methods, mNGS has better PPV, NPV, agreement rate, and AUC. mNGS could help improve the cure rate.

Characterization of microRNA expression profiles in 3T3-L1 adipocytes overexpressing C10orf116.

Our data in the previous report demonstrated that C10orf116 (AFRO) is an adipocyte lineage-specific nuclear factor that can modulate the master adipogenesis transcription factors early during differentiation. However, more precise functional properties of this gene need to be clarified and await further investigation. Therefore, in this study, we performed an expression profile of cellular MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in the C10orf116 overexpression 3T3-L1 adipocytes and performed target prediction and functional enrichment of the differentially expressed miRNAs. Our study identified 34 miRNAs up-regulated in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes stably overexpressing C10orf116, whereas 43 miRNAs up-regulated in the control cells. The target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were found to be involved in multiple signalling pathways, such as Wnt, TGF-beta, MAPK, Jak-STAT, insulin signalling pathway, et al. Our data provided novel information for the identification of C10orf116.

[Bioinformatic analysis of target gene prediction and related signaling pathways of miRNA-126*].

OBJECTIVE: To bioinformatically predict and analyze target genes of miRNA-126(*), with the aim of providing certain basis for related research about target genes and regulatory mechanism in the future. METHODS: The miRNA chip technology was applied to measure expression levels of miRNA-126(*) in 3 time points (embryo 16, 19 and 21 days) of fetal lung development. Then the target genes of miRNA-126(*) were screened through miRGen2.0 database. Subsequent bioinformatic analysis of these target genes was performed by Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway analysis (KEGG Pathway analysis). RESULTS: miRNA-126(*) manifested continuously upregulated expression with the lung development (from embryo 16 to 21 days). There were 422 predicted target genes in total, and the gene set mainly located in glucuronosyltransferase activity, transferase activity (GO molecular function), multicellular organismal development, developmental process (GO biology process) and intracellular part (GO cellular component). The KEGG Pathway analysis demonstrated that the gene set mostly located in RNA degradation (signal transduction pathway) and prion diseases (disease pathway). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that miRNA-126(*) plays a certain role in fetal lung development and provide a basis for lung development research in the future.

Effectiveness and safety of rectal dexibuprofen versus oral ibuprofen for closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants with gestational age<34 weeks: A pilot study.

This pilot study aimed to explore the effectiveness and safety of dexibuprofen suppository in the treatment of PDA in preterm infants. Preterm infants with gestational age <34 weeks and color Doppler echocardiographic evidence of hemodynamically significant PDA (hs PDA) with systemic hypoperfusion was intended to be included into this study since January 2020. As of January 1, 2021, this trial had recruited 87 preterm infants who met the inclusion criteria. Neonates were admitted into hospital within 1 hour after birth and were randomly assigned into two groups. Group one included 44 preterm newborns administered with oral ibuprofen. Group two included 43 preterm newborns administered with dexibuprofen suppository. This preliminary study showed that rectal dexibuprofen and oral ibuprofen were both effective for the closure of PDA, and the closure rate of dexibuprofen suppository was comparable to that of oral ibuprofen after the 1st and 2nd courses of treatment. In addition, rectal dexibuprofen did not increase the incidence of adverse outcomes, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, sepsis, and necrotising enterocolitis. This pilot study showed dexibuprofen suppository is as effective and safe as oral ibuprofen; yet, better designed, muticenter controlled studies are still needed.

RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of circular RNAs in asphyxial newborns with acute kidney injury.

As one kind of novel noncoding RNA, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in different biological processes. Although growing evidences have supported the important role of circRNAs in renal diseases, the mechanism remains unclear in neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI). High-throughput sequencing analysis was used to investigate the expression of circRNAs between hypoxia-induced AKI neonates and controls. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to predict the function of differentially expressed circRNAs. Finally, the differentially expressed circRNAs were screened and determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). (1) A total of 296 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified (Fold change >2 and p < 0.05). Of them, 184 circRNAs were markedly upregulated, and 112 were significantly downregulated in the AKI group. (2) The pathway analysis showed that ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, renal cell carcinoma, Jak-STAT, and HIF-1 signaling pathways participated in AKI. (3) Top five upregulated and five downregulated circRNAs with higher fold changes were selected for qPCR validation. Hsa_circ_0008898 (Fold Change = 5.48, p = 0.0376) and hsa_circ_0005519 (Fold Change = 4.65, p = 0.0071) were significantly upregulated, while hsa_circ_0132279 (Fold Change = -4.47, p = 0.0008), hsa_circ_0112327 (Fold Change = -4.26, p = 0.0048), and hsa_circ_0017647 (Fold Change = -4.15, p = 0.0313) were significantly downregulated in asphyxia-induced AKI group compared with the control group. This study could contribute to future research on neonatal AKI and facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets.

[Acetabular plasty assisted by 3D printing for the treatment of dislocation of hip joint in children with cerebral palsy].

OBJECTIVE: To identify types of acetabular dysplasia, select the most suitable acetabular plasty, and analyze indications and efficacy of three types of acetabular plasty in treating dislocation of hip joint in children with cerebral palsy by 3D printing technology. METHODS: From July 2019 to December 2019, 7 children with cerebral palsy with hip dislocation were treated with acetabular plasty assisted by 3D printing technology, including 3 males and 4 females, aged from 3 from 8 years old;3 patients on the left side, 2 patients on the right side, and 2 patients on both sides. Subluxation of hip joint occurred in 2 patients and dislocation of hip joint occurred in 5 patients. Preoperative full-length CT scan of pelvis and femur was performed in all children. The types of acetabular dysplasia were determined by 3D printing reconstruction technology, and the results were presented as follows:2 anterior hips, 2 anterior outer hips, 1 outer upper hip, 2 posterior hips, 1 posterior outer hip, and 1 hip without dysplasia(with no acetabular plasty). Pemberton, Dega and San Diego surgery simulations were performed on the 8 hips respectively to find the most suitable and the suitable operations were then conducted. Migration percentage (MP), acetabular index (AI) and cenal-edge angle (CEA), Shenton line, and gross motor function classification system(GMFCS) between preoperative and last follow-up were compared and complications were recorded. RESULTS: The wound healed well after operation and no complication occurred. Seven patients were followed up for 18 to 24 months. The 8 hips were underwent soft tissue release for the first stage+proximal femoral varus and rotation reduction osteotomy+hip reduction+acetabular plasty;1 hip was underwent soft tissue release for the first stage+proximal femoral varus removal and rotation reduction osteotomy +hip reduction. MP decreased from 58% to 100% preoperatively to 0 to 17.9% at the latest follow-up. AI decreased from 25.0° to 47.6° preoperatively to 11.1° to 25.3° at the latest follow-up. CEA increased from 0° preoperatively to 21.1° to 48.5° at the latest follow-up. Shenton's lines changed from interrupted ones to continuous ones. The GMFCS grade of 5 cases decreased by 1 grade, and 2 cases showed no change. CONCLUSION: There is diversity for the hip dislocation of hip in children with cerebral palsy of acetabular dysplasia present type. Accurate judgments could be made with the help of 3D printing reconstruction techniques. There are differences between scopes of applications for three kinds of acetabulum keratoplasty. 3D printing technology could be helpful to choose the most suitable operation method and estimate the treatment effect. Thus the individualized and accurate treatment for hip dislocation in children with cerebral palsy can be gained with 3D printing technology.