Enhancing ferroelectric performance in hafnia-based MFIS capacitor through interface passivation and bulk doping.

In recent times, there has been a notable surge of interests in hafnia (HfO2)-based ferroelectrics, primarily due to their remarkable ferroelectric properties employed in ultra-thin configurations, alongside their compatibility with the conventional CMOS manufacturing process. In order to harness the full potential of HfO2-based films for high-performance non-volatile memory applications, it is imperative to enhance their ferroelectric characteristics and durability. This study introduces a straightforward approach aimed at augmenting the ferroelectric performance of HfxZr1-xO2(HZO) films deposited on silicon (Si) substrates through the engineering of oxygen vacancies (VO). The results of this endeavor demonstrate a significant enhancement in ferroelectric performance, characterized by a 2Pr value of 47µC cm-2and impressive endurance, enduring up to 108cycles under an 8 MV cm-1electric field without the need of a wake-up process. This marked improvement can be attributed to a dual-pronged approach, involving the incorporation of an Al2O3interlayer and the introduction of Al atoms into the HZO film. The Al2O3interlayer primarily serves to mitigate the presence of oxygen vacancies at the interface, while the introduction of Al dopants elevates the concentration of oxygen vacancies within the bulk material. This modulation of oxygen vacancy concentration proves instrumental in facilitating the formation of a ferroelectric o-III phase within the HZO-based films, thereby further augmenting their ferroelectric performance. This innovative and effective strategy offers an alternative avenue for enhancing the ferroelectric properties of materials characterized by a fluorite crystal structure.

Violence on the front line: a qualitative comparative analysis of the causes of patient violence towards medical staff in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19, reduced funding and a shortage of healthcare workers has led to growing international concern about patient violence towards medical staff in medical settings. As the number of reported physical and verbal assaults increases, many medical staff are considering leaving their positions due to the resulting impact on their mental and physical wellbeing, creating a critical need to understand the causes for violence towards medical staff working on the front line. This study aims to examine the causes for patient violence towards medical staff in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. A case library was created containing twenty reported incidents of patient violence towards medical staff during the pandemic in China. Based on the Triadic Reciprocal Determinism (TRD) theory, we identify the personal, environmental, and behavioral factors, that cause incidents of violence towards medical staff. The outcome was set as 'Medical Staff Casualties', referring to whether, due to the violence experienced, the medical staff member was injured or died, or only experienced threatening or insulting behavior. Data was analyzed using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to clarify the relationship between the different conditions and their relationship with the outcome. The study's results reveal that Relationship Closeness is a necessary condition for patient violence in the presence of outcome. Secondly, four distinct types of causes for patient violence towards medical staff were identified: Strong Relationship Oriented Violence, Healthcare Resources and Services Mismatched Violence, Violence caused by Ineffective Patient-Physician Communication, and Ineffective Communication Superimposed Low Patient Compliance Violence. Scientific guidance is provided for the creation of measures to prevent future violence towards medical staff from occurring. Strict precautions should be taken for preventing violence to protect a healthy society and harmonious medical environment, emphasizing the need for joint governance of multiple participants.

Concerns Expressed by Chinese Social Media Users During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Content Analysis of Sina Weibo Microblogging Data.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has created a global health crisis that is affecting economies and societies worldwide. During times of uncertainty and unexpected change, people have turned to social media platforms as communication tools and primary information sources. Platforms such as Twitter and Sina Weibo have allowed communities to share discussion and emotional support; they also play important roles for individuals, governments, and organizations in exchanging information and expressing opinions. However, research that studies the main concerns expressed by social media users during the pandemic is limited. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the main concerns raised and discussed by citizens on Sina Weibo, the largest social media platform in China, during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We used a web crawler tool and a set of predefined search terms (New Coronavirus Pneumonia, New Coronavirus, and COVID-19) to investigate concerns raised by Sina Weibo users. Textual information and metadata (number of likes, comments, retweets, publishing time, and publishing location) of microblog posts published between December 1, 2019, and July 32, 2020, were collected. After segmenting the words of the collected text, we used a topic modeling technique, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), to identify the most common topics posted by users. We analyzed the emotional tendencies of the topics, calculated the proportional distribution of the topics, performed user behavior analysis on the topics using data collected from the number of likes, comments, and retweets, and studied the changes in user concerns and differences in participation between citizens living in different regions of mainland China. RESULTS: Based on the 203,191 eligible microblog posts collected, we identified 17 topics and grouped them into 8 themes. These topics were pandemic statistics, domestic epidemic, epidemics in other countries worldwide, COVID-19 treatments, medical resources, economic shock, quarantine and investigation, patients' outcry for help, work and production resumption, psychological influence, joint prevention and control, material donation, epidemics in neighboring countries, vaccine development, fueling and saluting antiepidemic action, detection, and study resumption. The mean sentiment was positive for 11 topics and negative for 6 topics. The topic with the highest mean of retweets was domestic epidemic, while the topic with the highest mean of likes was quarantine and investigation. CONCLUSIONS: Concerns expressed by social media users are highly correlated with the evolution of the global pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social media has provided a platform for Chinese government departments and organizations to better understand public concerns and demands. Similarly, social media has provided channels to disseminate information about epidemic prevention and has influenced public attitudes and behaviors. Government departments, especially those related to health, can create appropriate policies in a timely manner through monitoring social media platforms to guide public opinion and behavior during epidemics.

Pregnancy-Related Information Seeking and Sharing in the Social Media Era Among Expectant Mothers: Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: Social media has become the most popular communication tool used by Chinese citizens, including expectant mothers. An increasing number of women have adopted various forms of social media channels, such as interactive websites, instant messaging, and mobile apps, to solve problems and obtain answers to queries during pregnancy. Although the use of the internet by pregnant women has been studied extensively worldwide, limited research exists that explores the changing social media usage habits in China, where the 1 child policy ended in 2015. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to (1) present the status quo of pregnancy-related information seeking and sharing via social media among Chinese expectant mothers, (2) reveal the impact of social media usage, and (3) shed light on pregnancy-related health services delivered via social media channels. METHODS: A qualitative approach was employed to examine social media usage and its consequences on pregnant women. A total of 20 women who had conceived and were at various stages of pregnancy were interviewed from July 20 to August 10, 2017. Thematic analysis was conducted on the collected data to identify patterns in usage. RESULTS: Overall, 80% (16/20) of participants were aged in their 20s (mean 28.5 years [SD 4.3]). All had used social media for pregnancy-related purposes. For the seeking behavior, 18 codes were merged into 4 themes, namely, gravida, fetus, delivery, and the postpartum period; whereas for sharing behaviors, 10 codes were merged into 4 themes, namely, gravida, fetus, delivery, and caretaker. Lurking, small group sharing, bad news avoidance, and cross-checking were identified as the preferred patterns for using social media. Overall, 95% (19/20) of participants reported a positive mental impact from using social media during their pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: It is indisputable that social media has played an increasingly important role in supporting expectant mothers in China. The specific seeking and sharing patterns identified in this study indicate that the general quality of pregnancy-related information on social media, as well as Chinese culture toward pregnancy, is improving. The new themes that merge in pregnancy-related social media use represent a shift toward safe pregnancy and the promotion of a more enjoyable pregnancy. Future prenatal care should provide further information on services related to being comfortable during pregnancy and reducing the inequality of social media-based services caused by the digital divide.

Comparison of clear effect and the complications, and short and mid-term effects between ultrasound-guided and non-guided catheter-directed thrombolysis in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effects of ultrasound-guided and non-guided catheter-directed thrombolysis in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity. METHODS: From August 2015 to April 2016, 60 patients with lower extremity deep venous thrombosis were randomly divided into two groups ( n = 30 for each) to receive catheter-directed thrombolysis. Group A was treated under the ultrasound guidance, while Group B was treated without guidance. RESULTS: Catheter-directed thrombolysis was successfully performed by only one intubate in Group A but by 5.9 intubates in Group B. It took 15.4 ± 3.2 min in Group A, significantly less than that in Group B (30.8 ± 6.6 min, p < 0.05). The incidences of hematoma were also remarkably different between the two groups (3.33% vs. 26.67%, p = 0.026). No pseudoaneurysm or arteriovenous fistula was found in Group A, but there were two cases of pseudoaneurysm and two cases of arteriovenous fistula in Group B (both 6.67%, p = 0.492). The circumference differences of the affected limb between before and after thrombolysis were 49.47 ± 2.484 mm in Group A, significantly higher than that in Group B (28.40 ± 2.856 mm, p < 0.001). After treatment, the venous unobstructed improvement rates and deep vein patency rate were both better than those in Group B (77 + 2.603% vs. 57.23 + 1.828% and 80% vs. 46.67%, respectively; p < 0.001). There were only three cases of PTS in Group A (10%, 3/30), but there were 11 cases in Group B (36.67%, 11/30). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided catheter-directed thrombolysis has advantages, with improvement of venous patency and decrease of the incidence of PTS.

Spectral characterization and discrimination of synthetic fibers with near-infrared hyperspectral imaging system.

Synthetic fibers account for about half of all fiber usage, with applications in every textile field. The phenomenon of fiber composition not matching the label harms consumer interests and impedes market development. Hyperspectral imaging technology as a potential technique can be utilized to discriminate mass synthetic fibers rapidly and nondestructively and achieves the functions that traditional Fourier transform infrared instruments do not have. On the basis of investigating the impact of dope-dyeing and wrapping processes on spectra, the spectral features (from 900 to 2500 nm) of six categories of synthetic fibers were extracted with a hyperspectral imaging system. A principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis model was developed to discriminate the chemical content of fibers in different colors and structures, which showed 100% discrimination accuracy. Results demonstrated the feasibility of a hyperspectral imaging system in synthetic fiber discrimination. Therefore, this method offers a more convenient alternative for textile industry on-site discrimination.

Predictive Modeling for Hospital Readmissions for Patients with Heart Disease: An updated review from 2012-2023.

Hospital readmissions are a major concern for healthcare leaders, policy makers, and patients, resulting in adverse health outcomes and imposing an increased burden on hospital resources. This review aims to synthesize existing literature on predictive models focused on patients diagnosed with heart disease, which is known for its high readmission rates. Seven databases (i.e., Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Ovid, Cochrane Library and EBSCO) were consulted resulting in the inclusion of 56 eligible studies. Among these, 44 focused on model development, 7 on model validation, 4 on model improvement, and 1 on model implementation. Data were extracted on readmission types, data sources, modeling methods, and predictors, while assessments were conducted to analyze the quality of the studies. Findings showed that readmission types were significantly influenced by policy decisions, data predominantly originated from hospitals, and the prevalent modeling methods used were regression and single-layer machine learning techniques. The most important clinical predictors were related to comorbidities and complications, while the key demographic predictors were age and race. The study found that, despite advancements during the last decade, several limitations exist in current research, particularly in addressing attrition bias and handling missing data. Future research should, therefore, focus on optimizing readmission types, enhancing model generalization, using interpretable models, and emphasizing model implementation.

Detection of moisture content of polyester fabric based on hyperspectral imaging and BP neural network.

To validate the feasibility and improve the accuracy of water content detection in polyester fabrics using hyperspectral imaging, 150 sets of hyperspectral images of polyester fabrics with varying thicknesses and moisture contents were obtained, and the characteristics of the spectral curves and impact of moisture content were elucidated. In addition, the area and full width at half maximum of the characteristic peaks around 1363 and 1890 nm were determined as spectral characteristic variables. Furthermore, the models of polyester fabric moisture content detection were developed using backpropagation neural networks, and their accuracy was evaluated using correlation coefficient and mean squared error. It was observed that the change in the moisture content of polyester fabrics not only affected the reflectance of the overall spectral curve of polyester fabrics but also altered the position and overall shape of the characteristic peaks. As the moisture content increased, the proportion of pure water spectra in the mixed spectra of water-containing polyester fabrics also increased, leading to a change in the overall shape of the characteristic peaks of polyester fabrics. Because of the overlap between the near-infrared absorption bands of pure water and the polyester fabric around 1363 and 1890 nm, the area and full width at half maximum of the characteristic peaks were considered to be more representative than the reflection for modeling. The established backpropagation neural network-based moisture content quantitative detection model has shown extremely high detection accuracy, with the correlation coefficient for the test set being higher than 0.999 and the root mean square error being lower than 0.3 %, indicating that the detection error of moisture content was only about 0.3 wt%.

Promoting child and adolescent health through wearable technology: A systematic review.

Background: Wearable technology is used in healthcare to monitor the health of individuals. This study presents an updated systematic literature review of the use of wearable technology in promoting child and adolescent health, accompanied by recommendations for future research. Methods: This review focuses on studies involving children and adolescents aged between 2 and 18 years, regardless of their health condition or disabilities. Studies that were published from 2016 to 2024, and which met the inclusion criteria, were extracted from four academic databases (i.e. PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Data on intervention purposes, interventions deployed, intervention duration, measurements, and the main outcomes of the studies were collected. Results: A total of 53 studies involving 14,852 participants were reviewed. They focused on various aspects, including the ownership and use of wearable devices (n = 3), the feasibility (n = 22), effectiveness (n = 4), and adherence (n = 2) of intervention strategies, or a combination of multiple aspects (n = 22). Among the interventions deployed, Fitbit was the most frequently used, featuring in 26 studies, followed by ActiGraph (n = 11). In intervention studies, the majority of studies focused on pre-morbidity prevention (n = 26) and the treatment of illnesses (n = 20), with limited attention given to postoperative monitoring (n = 4). Conclusions: The use of wearable technology by children and adolescents has proven to be both feasible and effective for health promotion. This systematic review summarizes existing research by exploring the use of wearable technology in promoting health across diverse youth populations, including healthy and unhealthy individuals. It examines health promotion at various stages of the disease continuum, including pre-disease prevention, in-disease treatment, and postoperative monitoring. Additionally, the review provides directions for future research.

Study of the Effect of NaOH Treatment on the Properties of GF/VER Composites Using AE Technique.

The purpose of this study is to use acoustic emission (AE) technology to explore the changes in the interface and mechanical properties of GF/VER composite materials after being treated with NaOH and to analyze the optimal modification conditions and damage propagation process. The results showed that the GF surface became rougher, and the number of reactive groups increased after treating the GF with a NaOH solution. This treatment enhanced the interfacial adhesion between the GF and VER, which increased the interfacial shear strength by 25.31% for monofilament draw specimens and 27.48% for fiber bundle draw specimens compared to those before the GF was modified. When the modification conditions were a NaOH solution concentration of 2 mol/L and a treatment time of 48 h, the flexural strength of the GF/VER composites reached a peak value of 346.72 MPa, which was enhanced by 20.96% compared with before the GF was modified. The process of damage fracture can be classified into six types: matrix cracking, interface debonding, fiber pullout, fiber relaxation, matrix delamination, and fiber breakage, and the frequency ranges of these failure mechanisms are 0~100 kHz, 100~250 kHz, 250~380 kHz, 380~450 kHz, 450~600 kHz, and 600 kHz and above, respectively. This paper elucidates the fracture process of GF/VER composites in three-point bending. It establishes the relationship between the AE signal and the interfacial and force properties of GF/VER composites, realizing the classification of the damage process and characterizing the mechanism. The frequency ranges of damage types and failure mechanisms found in this study offer important guidance for the design and improvement of composite materials. These results are of great significance for enhancing the interfacial properties of composites, assessing the damage and fracture behaviors, and implementing health monitoring.

Effect of Corrosive Aging Environments on the Flexural Properties of Silane-Coupling-Agent-Modified Basalt-Fiber-Reinforced Composites.

In recent years, basalt-fiber-reinforced polymers (BFRPs) have been widely used in the field of corrosive aging resistance. In this paper, BFRPs are made into composite laminates, and the flexural properties of BFRPs modified with different types of silane coupling agents, KH550 (aminopropyl-triethoxysilane), KH560 (glycidyletheroxypropyl-trimethoxysilane), and A171 (vinyl-trimethoxysilane), immersed at 20 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C in a 3.5% NaCl concentration artificial seawater, a 10% NaCl high-concentration artificial seawater, 10% H2SO4, or 10% NaOH are investigated. The results show that the flexural strength decreased with increasing exposure time in corrosive aging environments at different temperatures. The temperature greatly influences flexural strength, and the flexural strength decreases rapidly in high-temperature acidic and alkaline environments. In addition, we found that the flexural retention in the seawater environment did not change much compared to that in the water environment, indicating that BFRPs have relatively good resistance to seawater corrosion. The silane coupling agent modification enhances flexural strength and flexural strength retention by enhancing the interfacial bonding property of the BFRPs. Considering the experimental results, the three silane coupling agents modified the corrosive aging performance of the composites in the order of KH550 > KH560 > A171. This will provide theoretical support for the application of silane-coupling-agent-modified BFRPs in corrosive aging environments.

Design and Analysis of Solid Rocket Composite Motor Case Connector Using Finite Element Method.

The connector is an essential component in the solid rocket motor case (SRMC), and its weight and performance can directly affect the blasting performance of SRMC. Considering the lightweight design of these structures, fiber-reinforced composite materials are used for the major components. In this study, the finite element analysis of the SRMC connector was performed. The lay-up design and structure optimum design of the connector were studied. Furthermore, the strain distribution on the composite body was compared with experimental measurements. The results demonstrate that the calculated value of the final preferred solution was within the allowable range, and at least 31% weight loss was achieved, suggesting that the performance of the optimum design was optimized. The comparison between the finite element calculation and the test results suggests that the design was within the allowable range and reasonable.

Does Citizen Engagement With Government Social Media Accounts Differ During the Different Stages of Public Health Crises? An Empirical Examination of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created one of the greatest challenges to humankind, developing long-lasting socio-economic impacts on our health and wellbeing, employment, and global economy. Citizen engagement with government social media accounts has proven crucial for the effective communication and management of public health crisis. Although much research has explored the societal impact of the pandemic, extant literature has failed to create a systematic and dynamic model that examines the formation mechanism of citizen engagement with government social media accounts at the different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study fills this gap by employing the Heuristic-Systematic Model and investigating the effects of the heuristic clues including social media capital, information richness, language features, dialogic loop, and the systematic clue including content types, on citizen engagement with government social media across three different stages of the pandemic, employing the moderating role of emotional valence. Methods: The proposed model is validated by scraping 16,710 posts from 22 provincial and municipal government micro-blog accounts in the Hubei province, China. Results: Results show that the positive effects of social media capital on citizen engagement were observed at all stages. However, the effects of information richness, language features, dialogic loop, and content types, and the moderating effect of emotional valence, varied across the different pandemic development stages. Conclusions: The findings provide suggestions for the further effective use of government social media, and better cope with crises. Government agencies should pay attention to the content and form of information shared, using technical means to analyze the information needs of citizens at different stages of public health emergencies, understanding the content most concerned by citizens, and formulating the content type of posts.

Analyzing national telemedicine policies in China from the perspective of policy instrument (1997-2020).

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the Chinese government has frequently issued policies to promote the rapid development of telemedicine with the aim of improving the primary medical service capacity and public medical conditions in remote areas of China. METHODS: A three-dimensional analytical framework was built to analyze the rationality of existing national telemedicine policies, providing valuable insights for the future construction and formulation of telemedicine policy. In total, 271 telemedicine policy documents with 537 policy clauses in relation to telemedicine were identified, and they are subjected to a rigorous analysis from the perspectives of policy instrument, telemedicine development stage, and telemedicine development element. RESULTS: China's telemedicine policies have grown rapidly since 1997 and gradually moved towards exploratory stage (9/551, 1.68%), normative stage (93/551, 17.62%), mature stage (239/551, 44.51%), and rapid growth stage (196/551, 36.50%). Meanwhile, the types of telemedicine policy instruments adopted include mandatory tools (360/551, 61.71%), voluntary tools (82/551, 14.88%), information tools (74/551, 13.43%), and economic tools (55/551, 9.98%). The majority of telemedicine policies were related to platform construction, accounting for 45.07% (242/537), while telemedicine policies relating to service operation (20.67%, 111/537), service application (20.86%, 112/537), and organizational management (13.41%, 72/537) were comparatively less. CONCLUSION: China's policy instruments have developed from simplification to diversification, from relative imbalance to equilibrium, and the balance between the vertical and horizontal objectives of the policy have also strengthened. However, some policy tools are improperly applied at the policy stage, and there is still room for improvement in the allocation of policy elements.

Cyberbullying definitions and measurements in children and adolescents: Summarizing 20 years of global efforts.

Despite numerous instruments existing to assist in the measurement of specific cyberbullying behaviors or cyberbullying in general, it is still unclear their purpose, corresponding scenarios, and their effectiveness. This study, therefore, aims to provide a comprehensive review of academic efforts on cyberbullying definitions, measurements, and their effectiveness in children and adolescents in the past two decades. A systematic review was performed using ASReview, an open source machine learning systematic review system. Three bibliographic citation databases, including Web of Science core collection, PubMed, and EBSCO were adopted for all relevant literature published from January 2001 to August 2021. In total, twenty-five studies, mentioning seventeen cyberbullying measurement scales, met the study collection criteria. The results found that most failed to provide a clear definition of cyberbullying, often providing unclear and inconsistent descriptions for the youth. Similarly, studies found it difficult to clearly reflect the three key elements of bullying, namely: harmfulness, repetitiveness, and the power imbalance between bullies and victims. With regard to cyberbullying types, most presented two or three categories, including victimization, perpetration, and bystanding, while some suggested four types based on the nature of the cyberbullying behavior, including written or verbal, visual or sexual, character impersonation, and exclusion. If characteristics are considered, cyberbullying becomes more specific with multiple categories being proposed, including flaming (or roasting), harassment, denigration, defamation, outing, jokes, online sexual harassment, and cyberstalking. With regard to measurements, many scales have been proposed and frequently refined to capture specific cyberbullying experience of the youth. This study emphasizes the value and importance of providing clear cyberbullying definitions and helps scholars in youth cyberbullying choose appropriate measurement scales.

An Optical Algorithm for Relative Thickness of Each Monochrome Component in Multilayer Transparent Mixed Films.

A modification of the two-flux Kubelka-Munk (K-M) model was proposed to describe the energy conservation of scattered light in colored mixed material with a defined scattered photometric, which is applied for the relative quantity distribution of each colored monochrome component in mixed material. A series of systematical experiments demonstrated a higher consistency with the reference quantity distribution than the common Lambert-Beer (L-B) law. Its application in the fibrogram of each component for measuring the cotton fiber's length was demonstrated to be good, extending its applicability to white and dark colored blended fibers, the length of which is harder to measure using L-B law.

Effect of Polyphenylene Sulphide Particles and Films on the Properties of Polyphenylene Sulphide Composites.

Glass fibre-reinforced polyphenylene sulphide composites were prepared by hot-pressing glass fibre fabrics and polyphenylene sulphide resins. The effects of different polyphenylene sulphide resin forms on the properties of the composites were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analyser, pendulum impact tester and universal testing machine. The results showed that different polyphenylene sulphide resin forms had nearly no effect on the glass transition temperature of the composites, which are all located at about 100 °C. Compared with other polyphenylene sulphide composites, the bending strength of polyphenylene sulphide film composites was the highest, reaching 314.58 MPa, and the impact strength of polyphenylene sulphide particle composites was the highest, reaching 245.4 KJ/m2. The bending strength and impact strength were calculated using a standard fraction, and the highest standard fraction was obtained when the ratio of polyphenylene sulphide film to particle was 1:2. The impact strength and bending strength could be obtained. The impact strength reached 229.8 KJ/m2, and the bending strength reached 284.16 MPa.

Study on Preparation and Properties of Glass Fibre Fabric Reinforced Polyphenylene Sulphide Composites.

In this paper, glass fiber fabric reinforced polyphenylene sulfide composites were prepared by hot pressing. The effects of glass fibre modification and hot pressing temperature on the properties of the composites were investigated using a scanning electron microscope, infrared spectrometer, universal testing machine, and DIGEYE digital imaging colour measurement system. The results show that after the treatment with a silane coupling agent, the silane coupling agent was more uniformly distributed on the surface of the glass fibres, and the bonding effect between the glass fibre fabric and polyphenylene sulphide was significantly improved. The strength of the composites increased and then decreased with the increase of hot pressing temperature, and the surface colour of the composites became darker and darker. When the hot-pressing temperature is 310 °C, the mechanical properties of glass fabric-reinforced polyphenylene sulfide composites are at their best, the tensile strength reaches 51.9 MPa, and the bending strength reaches 78 MPa.

Cyberbullying Among Adolescents and Children: A Comprehensive Review of the Global Situation, Risk Factors, and Preventive Measures.

Background: Cyberbullying is well-recognized as a severe public health issue which affects both adolescents and children. Most extant studies have focused on national and regional effects of cyberbullying, with few examining the global perspective of cyberbullying. This systematic review comprehensively examines the global situation, risk factors, and preventive measures taken worldwide to fight cyberbullying among adolescents and children. Methods: A systematic review of available literature was completed following PRISMA guidelines using the search themes "cyberbullying" and "adolescent or children"; the time frame was from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2019. Eight academic databases pertaining to public health, and communication and psychology were consulted, namely: Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Communication & Mass Media Complete, CINAHL, and PsycArticles. Additional records identified through other sources included the references of reviews and two websites, Cyberbullying Research Center and United Nations Children's Fund. A total of 63 studies out of 2070 were included in our final review focusing on cyberbullying prevalence and risk factors. Results: The prevalence rates of cyberbullying preparation ranged from 6.0 to 46.3%, while the rates of cyberbullying victimization ranged from 13.99 to 57.5%, based on 63 references. Verbal violence was the most common type of cyberbullying. Fourteen risk factors and three protective factors were revealed in this study. At the personal level, variables associated with cyberbullying including age, gender, online behavior, race, health condition, past experience of victimization, and impulsiveness were reviewed as risk factors. Likewise, at the situational level, parent-child relationship, interpersonal relationships, and geographical location were also reviewed in relation to cyberbullying. As for protective factors, empathy and emotional intelligence, parent-child relationship, and school climate were frequently mentioned. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of cyberbullying has increased significantly in the observed 5-year period, and it is imperative that researchers from low and middle income countries focus sufficient attention on cyberbullying of children and adolescents. Despite a lack of scientific intervention research on cyberbullying, the review also identified several promising strategies for its prevention from the perspectives of youths, parents and schools. More research on cyberbullying is needed, especially on the issue of cross-national cyberbullying. International cooperation, multi-pronged and systematic approaches are highly encouraged to deal with cyberbullying.