Exogenous tannic acid relieves imidacloprid-induced oxidative stress in tea tree by activating antioxidant responses and the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway.

Pesticide stress on plants is receiving increased scrutiny due to its effect on plant secondary metabolism and nutritional quality. Tannic acid (TA) is a natural polyphenolic compound showing excellent antioxidant properties and is involved in alleviating stress. The present study thoroughly investigated the effects and mechanism of exogenous TA on relieving imidacloprid (IMI) stress in tea plants. Our research found that TA(10 mg/L) activated the antioxidant defense system, enhanced the antioxidant ability, reduced the accumulation of ROS and membrane peroxidation, and notably promoted tea plant tolerance to imidacloprid stress. Additionally, TA boosted photosynthetic capacity, strengthened the accumulation of nutrients. regulated detoxification metabolism, and accelerated the digestion and metabolism of imidacloprid in tea plants. Furthermore, TA induced significant changes in 90 important metabolites in tea, targeting 17 metabolic pathways through extensively targeted metabolomics. Specifically, TA activated the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, resulting in a 1.3- to 3.1-fold increase in the levels of 17 compounds and a 1.5- to 63.8-fold increase in the transcript level of related genes, such as ANR, LAR and CHS in this pathway. As a potential tea health activator, TA alleviates the oxidative damage caused by imidacloprid and improves the yield and quality of tea under pesticide stress.

Residue Levels and Dietary Intake Risk Assessments of 139 Pesticides in Agricultural Produce Using the m-PFC Method Based on SBA-15-C18 with GC-MS/MS.

A survey was designed to investigate the pesticide residues in agricultural produce and to estimate their potential intake risks to inhabitants. A total of 314 samples of nine types of fruits and vegetables were collected from the supermarkets and vegetable markets of Shandong Province (China) from October 2020 to February 2022. An accurate and reliable multi-residue method, based on GC-MS/MS detection, as well as the multiplug filtration cleanup method, based on SBA-15-C18, was prepared by a solution chemical reaction. Additionally, an in situ co-condensation method was established for the quantification of 139 pesticide residues. Residues that contained no pesticides were detected in 66.5% of the 314 samples. Moreover, of the samples, 30.6% were at or below the MRLs, and 2.9% were above the MRLs. Residues of procymidone were found to be the one that most often exceeded the MRLs (1.3% of the samples). Tebuconazole was found most frequently in 22.0% of the samples analyzed. Consumer exposure to the 139 pesticides did not exceed 100% ADI and ARfD. This led to a consideration that these pesticide residues in the nine commodities may not raise the health risk of the consumers in the long and short term. The highest value of chronic dietary intake was obtained from spirodiclofen, which resulted in a 24.1% of ADI. Furthermore, the highest exposure levels in the short term were obtained from the consumption of leeks with procymidone (58.3% ARfD).

Understanding the risks of mercury sulfide nanoparticles in the environment: Formation, presence, and environmental behaviors.

Mercury (Hg) could be microbially methylated to the bioaccumulative neurotoxin methylmercury (MeHg), raising health concerns. Understanding the methylation of various Hg species is thus critical in predicting the MeHg risk. Among the known Hg species, mercury sulfide (HgS) is the largest Hg reservoir in the lithosphere and has long been considered to be highly inert. However, with advances in the analytical methods of nanoparticles, HgS nanoparticles (HgS NPs) have recently been detected in various environmental matrices or organisms. Furthermore, pioneering laboratory studies have reported the high bioavailability of HgS NPs. The formation, presence, and transformation (e.g., methylation) of HgS NPs are intricately related to several environmental factors, especially dissolved organic matter (DOM). The complexity of the behavior of HgS NPs and the heterogeneity of DOM prevent us from comprehensively understanding and predicting the risk of HgS NPs. To reveal the role of HgS NPs in Hg biogeochemical cycling, research needs should focus on the following aspects: the formation pathways, the presence, and the environmental behaviors of HgS NPs impacted by the dominant influential factor of DOM. We thus summarized the latest progress in these aspects and proposed future research priorities, e.g., developing the detection techniques of HgS NPs and probing HgS NPs in various matrices, further exploring the interactions between DOM and HgS NPs. Besides, as most of the previous studies were conducted in laboratories, our current knowledge should be further refreshed through field observations, which would help to gain better insights into predicting the Hg risks in natural environment.

Effect of hemoglobin content on cerebral oxygen saturation during surgery for scoliosis in pediatric patients.

BACKGROUND: Although regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) monitoring has been widely used in clinical practice, the relationship between hemoglobin (dHB) content and rScO2 is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of hemoglobin content on rScO2 in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia for correction of scoliosis. METHODS: Ninety-two pediatric patients aged 3 to 14 years undergoing scoliosis correction surgery were enrolled. Continuous monitoring of bilateral regional cerebral oxygen saturation by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS, CASMED, USA) was performed after entering the operation room. rScO2 was recorded when the patients entered the operating room (T0, baseline), after anesthesia induced intubation (T1), and after radial artery puncture (T2). The lowest value of rScO2 during surgery was also recorded. The arterial blood pressure (ABP), heart rate (HR), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), end tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PetCO2) were continuously recorded. Patients were classified as low rScO2 or high rScO2 group according to whether the lowest intraoperative rScO2 was 15% lower than the baseline value. An analysis and comparison of differences in hemoglobin content in these two groups was carried out. RESULTS: The preoperative hemoglobin-postoperative hemoglobin of patients in the high rScO2 group was significantly lower than that in the low rScO2 group (t = - 7.86, p < 0.01), the amount of bleeding during the operation was also less than that in the low rScO2 group (t = - 6.05, p < 0.01), and the systolic pressure of patients was higher than that in the low rScO2 group (t = 4.27, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in hemoglobin level which occurs during surgery leads to a decrease in cerebral oxygen saturation. In order to ensure patient safety during surgery, it is necessary to carry out volume management and appropriate transfusion and fluid replacement in a timely manner. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800016359 . Registered 28 May 2018.

Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates the accumulation of pesticides and mitigates pesticide-induced oxidative stress in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.).

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signal molecule, regulating oxidative stress response in plants. In this study, we evaluated the influences of SA (1 mg L-1, 10 mg L-1 and 50 mg L-1) on the accumulation of clothianidin (CLO), dinotefuran (DFN) and difenoconazole (DFZ) (5 mg L-1) and pesticide-induced (CLO-10 mg L-1, DFN-20 mg L-1, and DFZ-10 mg L-1) oxidative stress in cucumber plants. Exogenous SA at 10 mg L-1 significantly reduced the half-lives of three pesticides in nutrient solution and prevented the accumulation of pesticides in roots and leaves. And the role of SA in reducing residues was related to the major accumulation sites of pesticides. By calculating the root concentration factor (RCF) and translocation factor (TF), we found that SA at 10 mg L-1 reduced the ability of roots to absorb pesticides and enhanced the translocation ability from roots to leaves. Roots exposed to high concentrations of three pesticides could reduce biomass, low chlorophyll content, increase the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proline, promote lipid peroxidation, and alter the activities of a range of antioxidant enzymes, respectively. Exogenous SA at low concentrations (1 mg L-1 and 10 mg L-1) significantly mitigated these negative effects. Hence, application of exogenous SA at 10 mg L-1 could effectively alleviate the accumulation of pesticides and induce stress tolerance in cucumber planting systems.

Exogenous salicylic acid mitigates the accumulation of some pesticides in cucumber seedlings under different cultivation methods.

Salicylic acid (SA) is a crucial signal molecule and phytohormone, regulating the biotic and abiotic stress responses as well as plant development. In this research, we comparatively examined the effects of exogenous SA on the behaviors of thiamethoxam (THIM), hymexazol (HMI) and chlorantraniliprole (CAP) in cucumber planting systems under soil pot and hydroponic cultivation. The cucumber seedlings were transplanted into soil or nutrient solution containing a target pesticide (1 mg/kg) or a target pesticide with SA (1 mg/kg) after the fourth leaf emerged. We examined the behaviors of pesticides both the SA treated and nontreated plants by analyzing cucumber root, stem and leaf samples taken on the 0-21 days following the root treatment. The root concentration factor (RCF), bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factors (TFstem and TFleaf) were calculated for the comparison of the differences in the behaviors of pesticides. We found that the accumulation behaviors of pesticides in planting systems were related to the physicochemical properties of pesticides, exogenous SA and cultivation methods. Exogenous SA had a certain promoting effect on the degradation of pesticides in soil and nutrient solution, resulting in reduced half-lives. SA was able to block the accumulation of pesticides in roots and leaves and alleviated the accumulation ability of roots, the bioconcentration ability of plants, and the translocation ability from roots to leaves. Interestingly, SA had more distinct effects on the behaviors of pesticides under hydroponic experiments than under soil pot experiments. Furthermore, the behaviors of clothianidin (CLO), the main metabolite of THIM, were also assessed, indicating that THIM was mainly metabolized to CLO in leaves and stems, and SA facilitated this process. Our findings suggest that SA has a certain regulatory effect on the accumulation of pesticides in plants, and SA-blocked pesticide accumulation is practically rewarding for improving food safety.

Simultaneous Semantic Segmentation and Depth Completion with Constraint of Boundary.

As the core task of scene understanding, semantic segmentation and depth completion play a vital role in lots of applications such as robot navigation, AR/VR and autonomous driving. They are responsible for parsing scenes from the angle of semantics and geometry, respectively. While great progress has been made in both tasks through deep learning technologies, few works have been done on building a joint model by deeply exploring the inner relationship of the above tasks. In this paper, semantic segmentation and depth completion are jointly considered under a multi-task learning framework. By sharing a common encoder part and introducing boundary features as inner constraints in the decoder part, the two tasks can properly share the required information from each other. An extra boundary detection sub-task is responsible for providing the boundary features and constructing cross-task joint loss functions for network training. The entire network is implemented end-to-end and evaluated with both RGB and sparse depth input. Experiments conducted on synthesized and real scene datasets show that our proposed multi-task CNN model can effectively improve the performance of every single task.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis of the Volatile Oil of Cichorium Glandulosum Boiss et Huet and its Effects on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats.

BACKGROUND This study aimed to use gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the chemical constituents of volatile oil extracted by steam distillation from Cichorium glandulosum Boiss et Huet (CG), a traditional Uyghur medicine, and to investigate its effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (n=60) included six groups: the control group (n=10), untreated model group (n=10), the volatile oil of CG high-dose group (0.15 ml/kg) (n=10), the volatile oil of CG medium-dose group (0.10 ml/kg) (N=10), the volatile oil of CG low-dose group (0.05 ml/kg) (n=10), and the silybin-treated group (0.20 ml/kg) (n=10). Rats given the essential oil extract of CG by intragastric administration, and then subcutaneously injected with a solution of CCl4 in olive oil to create the rat model of hepatic fibrosis. Serum samples were analyzed for markers of liver function, including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroxyproline (Hyp), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and albumin (Alb). Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed on rat liver tissue. RESULTS Thirty-eight compounds were identified from the volatile oil of CG (total, 98.058%), with terpenoids, including citronellol, being the most abundant. In the animal model of liver fibrosis, all doses of volatile oil of CG significantly reduced the serum levels of AST, ALT, MDA, Hyp, γ-GT, LDH, ALP, and Alb. CONCLUSIONS GC-MS identified the components of the volatile oil of CG, which included citronellol. Treatment with volatile oil of CG reduced liver fibrosis in a rat model.

Compact omnidirectional multi-stereo vision system for 3D reconstruction.

Omnidirectional stereovision is beneficial in wide applications due to its large field of view. Traditional implementation of such a system employs two separate cameras looking at separate mirrors to achieve 3D stereo reconstruction. In this paper, a compact omnidirectional multi-stereo system that consists of only one camera and multiple mirrors is proposed. The novelty lies in the designing of a principal mirror above the array of sub-mirrors to achieve multiple omnidirectional stereo pairs that have appropriate baselines and multiple viewpoints in a compact manner. The system's imaging projection and error propagation model are presented. Experiments based on simulation and real data verify the effectiveness of our system.

A Broadband Beamformer Suitable for UUV to Detect the Tones Radiated from Marine Vessels.

In this paper, the issue that the underwater unmanned vehicle (UUV) with a sonar array achieves the passive detection of vessel targets by detecting the tones radiated from the targets is considered. The multi-beam low-frequency analysis and recording method is widely applied in a manned sonar system. The sonar operator provides an auxiliary decision to extract the target tones from the multiple beams output. However, the complexity of the multi-dimensional information fusion makes it difficult to apply the multi-beam processing in the unmanned sonar system. Aiming at this problem, we introduce the self-adjusting characteristics of adaptive line enhancer to a time domain broadband beamformer and then propose a self-steering broadband beamformer. The proposed beamformer can adaptively steer the main beam to the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of the tonal target. There is no need to pre-form the multiple beams. The complexity of the UUV-based tone detection is reduced. Theoretical derivation and simulation experiments verify that the main beam of the proposed beamformer can track the DOA of tonal target which is rapidly changing. Meanwhile, the tonal interferences as well as the wide-band noise are well suppressed.

Angiotensin-(1-7) improves non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through an adiponectin-independent mechanism.

AIM: Recent evidence suggests that angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] could improve non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) through an adiponectin-dependent mechanism. This study aimed to investigate whether and how Ang-(1-7) influences NASH without adiponectin. METHODS: Adiponectin knockout mice were fed with a high fat diet (HFD) or normal chow for 6 months, and were subsequently infused with Ang-(1-7) or saline for 2 weeks. RESULTS: We found that HFD-fed mice showed obesity, hyperlipidemia, NASH, and significantly increased levels of serum Ang-(1-7). Chronic infusion of Ang-(1-7) could reduce body weight, absolute and relative liver weight, and serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in HFD-fed mice. In addition, Ang-(1-7) treatment could attenuate hepatocellular inflammation, steatosis, and ballooning with activation of the hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in HFD-fed knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed the protective role of Ang-(1-7) in the development of NASH through an adiponectin-independent mechanism, which may be partially attributed to the activation of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase pathway.

Rapid multiplug filtration cleanup method for the determination of 124 pesticide residues in rice, wheat, and corn.

A simple and rapid multiplug filtration cleanup method based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes was developed to determine 124 pesticide residues in rice, wheat, and corn, which could be done in a few seconds without conditioning and elution steps. Various combinations of sorbents were optimized for each matrix with a dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure to get a satisfactory recovery and clean-up performance. Good linearity was obtained for all pesticides with calibration curve coefficients larger than 0.9958. Most recoveries for the majority pesticides were between 70 and 120% (n = 5) with relative standard deviations below 20%. The limit of detection was 0.1-1.3 µg/kg, and the limit of quantification was 0.2-4.3 µg/kg for the pesticides in all matrices. The work suggests that the multiplug filtration cleanup method is better than the dispersive solid-phase extraction method and it could be applied to routinely monitor pesticide residues in market samples.

The inhibitory effects of compound Muniziqi granule against B16 cells and harmine induced autophagy and apoptosis by inhibiting Akt/mTOR pathway.

BACKGROUND: Compound Muniziqi granule (MNZQ) is a multi-component herbal preparation and a popular traditional Uighur medicine used in China for treating endocrine disorder-induced acne, chloasma, dysmenorrhea, menopausal syndrome, and melanoma. Harmine presented in MNZQ has been confirmed potential anticancer effect on the B16 cells among others. The purpose of this study is to explore the inhibitory effects of MNZQ against B16 cells and mechanism of autophagy and apoptosis induced by harmine in B16 cells. METHODS: The cell viability was calculated by CCK8 assay. The in vitro tyrosinase activity was determined by spectrophotometry. The harmine-induced autophagy was demonstrated by electron microscopy and MDC staining. Flow cytometry was used to measure cell death and cell cycle distribution. All proteins expression was assessed by western blot. RESULTS: MNZQ and some herb extracts contained in preparation displayed inhibitory effects on B16 cells but without inhibition on mushroom tyrosinase compared with kojic acid. The formation of autophagosome was markedly induced by harmine with the accretion of LC3-II and the degeneration of p62 in B16 cells, which indicated that harmine was an autophagy inducer. Cell death and sub-G2 population suggested that harmine could induce cell death. Particularly, 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor, was discovered to prevent harmine-induced decrease of the cell viability and cell cycle arrest on G2 phase, indicating that autophagy was vital to the cell death. In addition, the results indicated that harmine could inhibit the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, which might mediate autophagy. CONCLUSION: Harmine could induce autophagy and apoptosis by inhibiting Akt/mTOR pathway in B16 cells. Harmine might be a promising therapeutic agent for treatment of melanoma in MNZQ.

Multiplug filtration cleanup method with multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the analysis of malachite green, diethylstilbestrol residues, and their metabolites in aquatic products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

The food safety supervision in aquatic products has raised public concern in recent years. In this study, a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification and identification of four residues of the ever widely used analytes (including malachite green, leucomalachite green, diethylstilbestrol, and dienestrol) in aquaculture samples was developed. For sample preparation, a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method was used, which was initially developed for pesticide residue analysis. For cleanup procedure, low-temperature cleanup method was combined with multiplug filtration cleanup (m-PFC) method based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The volume of water, extraction solvent, cleanup sorbents, and m-PFC procedure were optimized for carp, striped bass, and giant salamander matrices. It was validated by analyzing four residues in each matrix spiked at three concentration levels of 0.5, 5, and 50 µg/kg (n = 5). The method was successfully validated according to the 2002/657/EC guidelines. After optimization, spike recoveries were within 73-106 % and <15 % relative standard deviations (RSDs) for all analytes in the tested matrices. Limits of quantification (LOQs) for the proposed method ranged from 0.10 to 0.50 µg/kg. Matrix-matched calibrations were performed with the coefficients of determination >0.998 between concentration levels of 0.5 and 200 µg/kg. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of residues in market samples. Graphical abstract Flow chart of multi-plug filtration cleanup combined with low-temperature cleanup method.

Comparison of pulse glow discharge-ion mobility spectrometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry based on multiplug filtration cleanup for the analysis of tricaine mesylate residues in fish and water.

Analytical methods based on multiplug filtration cleanup coupled with pulse glow discharge-ion mobility spectrometry and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were developed for the analysis of tricaine mesylate residue in fish and fish-raising water samples. A silica fiber holder and an appropriate new interface were designed to make the direct introduction of the fiber into the pulse glow discharge-ion mobility spectrometry introduction mechanism. The multiplug filtration cleanup method with adsorption mixtures was optimized for the determination of tricaine mesylate in fish samples. Good linear relationships were obtained by the two methods. For fish samples, limits of detection were 6 and 0.6 µg/kg by ion mobility spectrometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The matrix effect of the established liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was negligible for fish samples but that of the ion mobility spectrometry method was not. The two methods were compared. The ion mobility spectrometry system could be used a rapid screening tool on site with the advantage of rapidity, simplicity, and portability, and the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry system could be used for validation in laboratory conditions with the advantage of lower limit of detection, stability, and precision.

Rapid analysis of pesticide residues in drinking water samples by dispersive solid-phase extraction based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and pulse glow discharge ion source ion mobility spectrometry.

An analytical method based on dispersive solid-phase extraction with a multiwalled carbon nanotubes sorbent coupled with positive pulse glow discharge ion mobility spectrometry was developed for analysis of 30 pesticide residues in drinking water samples. Reduced ion mobilities and the mass-mobility correlation of 30 pesticides were measured. The pesticides were divided into five groups to verify the separation capability of pulse glow discharge in mobility spectrometry. The extraction conditions such as desorption solvent, ionic strength, conditions of adsorption and desorption, the amounts of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and solution pH were optimized. The enrichment factors of pesticides were 5.4- to 48.7-fold (theoretical enrichment factor was 50-fold). The detection limits of pesticides were 0.01∼0.77 µg/kg. The linear range was 0.005-0.2 mg/L for pesticide standard solutions, with determination coefficients from 0.9616 to 0.9999. The method was applied for the analysis of practical and spiked drinking water samples. All results were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The proposed method was proven to be a commendably rapid screening qualitative and semiquantitative technique for the analysis of pesticide residues in drinking water samples on site.

Analytical method for 44 pesticide residues in spinach using multi-plug-filtration cleanup based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry detection.

Spinach is one of the most commonly planted vegetables worldwide. A high chlorophyll content makes spinach a complicated matrix in pesticide residue analysis. In this study, a rapid clean-up method was developed for the analysis of pesticide multi-residues in spinach followed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A modified QuEChERS method with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and carbon material was adopted in the multi-Plug Filtration Cleanup procedure. This method was validated for 44 representative pesticides spiked at two concentration levels of 10 and 100 µg/kg. The pesticides of different physicochemical properties were registered on spinach in China. The recoveries were between 76 and 114% for major pesticides with relative standard deviations of less than 15%, except for quizalofop-P-ethyl, pyrimethanil, and carbendazim. Matrix-matched calibration curves were performed with the coefficients of determination higher than 0.995 for the studied pesticides for concentration levels of 10-500 µg/kg. The limits of quantitation ranged from 2 to 10 µg/kg. The developed method was successfully applied to determine pesticide residues in Chinese market spinach samples.

In in vivo evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of compound Muniziqi granule in experimental animal models.

BACKGROUND: Compound Muniziqi granule (MNZQ), a traditional Uighur medicinal preparation, comprises 13 species of medicinal plants. MNZQ is traditionally used for regulating body immunity, modulating inflammation and pain, detoxification, and inhibiting tumor growth. This study aims to scientifically evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of MNZQ, support its clinical use and further research with scientific evidence. METHODS: The analgesic activity of MNZQ was evaluated using hot plate test and acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test. Acute inflammation was evaluated using xylene-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema models, while chronic inflammation was evaluated using cotton pellet-induced granuloma model. RESULTS: MNZQ exerted analgesic activities with a significant dose-dependent increase in latency in the hot plate test. The percentage inhibition suggested that MNZQ exhibited analgesic activities in the central nervous system. Meanwhile, MNZQ at 0.8, 2.4, and 7.2 g/kg strongly inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing response by 25.22% (p < 0.01), 44.60% (p < 0.001), and 49.41% (p < 0.001), respectively. MNZQ also exerted analgesic activities in the peripheral nervous system. Moreover, MNZQ was demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory effect against xylene-induced edema in a dose-dependent manner. The percentage inhibition was 22.24% (p < 0.01) at the highest dosage of 7.2 g/kg. MNZQ at 1.62 and 4.86 g/kg significantly reduced carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema by 82.43% and 84.32% (p < 0.001), respectively, 1 h after injecting carrageenan, and the inhibitory effect lasted for 5 h. MNZQ also exerted a significant anti-inflammatory effect against cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation. MNZQ at 1.62 and 4.86 g/kg could inhibit granuloma formation by 17.07% and 17.60%, respectively, whereas the percentage inhibition of diclofenac was 33.12%. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained suggest that MNZQ possesses potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. This study provides a scientific basis for the use of MNZQ in alleviating pain and treating inflammatory disorders.

[Research of influence factors on spectral recognition for cotton leaf infected by Verticillium wilt].

Through carrying out spectral test experiment, the influence factors of spectrum test were analyzed, the influence degree of various factors in spectral recognition was explicated and the method of spectra test was optimized for cotton leaf infected by verticillium wilt. The results indicated that under different severity levels, the shape and value of reflectance of disease symptoms part were Significantly higher than healthy part on cotton leaf, compared with the black board as baseboard, the spectral values of disease leaves were slightly higher in visible light wavebands and significantly higher in others wavebands than healthy leaves on white baseboard. Different position of leaf on cotton plant has different effect degree to the recognition of disease, the effect of stem leaf was more obvious than that of else leaf, the identical leaf position was less influenced by disease than band. Test time and cotton varieties had less influence on recognizing disease by spectra, and the effect of the same condition was acceptable. Test site had no effect on disease recognition by spectra. The effect of each factor was different for recognizing disease leaf by spectra, and this study will provide reference for the researchers of crop disease diagnosis by spectra.

A novel approach to managing facility airborne diseases: suppressing air pathogens with smoke aerosols generated from fungicide phase transition.

BACKGROUND: Environmental microorganisms are major contributors to the development and spread of disease. Chemical disinfection can inhibit pathogens and play a preventive role against diseases. In agriculture, prolonging the floating time of chemical pesticides in the air has a positive effect on the control of airborne diseases. However, the interaction of chemical pesticides with airborne pathogens is not yet known. RESULTS: Here, triazole fungicide was transformed into stable smoke aerosols in order to assess the feasibility of employing phase transition release pesticides for air disinfection. The phase transition had a minimal impact on hexaconazole (Hexa) and myclobutanil (Mycl), with their smoke formation rates remaining consistently >90%. In microscopic morphology, triadimenol (Tria) and epoxiconazole (Epox) are solid, and tebuconazole (Tebu), Hexa, Mycl and difenoconazole (Dife) are liquid. Liquid smoke has advantages over solid smoke in the inhibition of environmental pathogens. The floatability and spatial distribution of fungicide aerosol were optimized by the combination of smoke particles with different properties, so that the fungicide aerosol could meet the conditions of practical application. In practical applications, smoke exhibits a gentler deposition process at the target interface compared to spray, along with a more homogeneous distribution of fungicides. Moreover, fungicide smoke demonstrates superior control efficacy and leaves behind lower residual amounts on fruit. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the implementation of fungicide phase transition as a smoke aerosol offers a viable approach to effectively suppress pathogen aerosols and enhance the control of airborne diseases. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.