RESUMEN
Angioinvasion/angiodestruction has been reported in a small subset of primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (PCALCL). Recently, PCALCL with angioinvasive features and cytotoxic phenotype has been characterized as a variant associated with good clinical outcomes despite worrisome histopathologic features. We report a case of PCALCL with angioinvasive features and cytotoxic phenotype associated with reparative changes on the wall of medium-sized vessels involved by the neoplasm, including intimal fibroblastic proliferation and luminal obliteration. This vascular pattern, although previously unreported in PCALCL, is in accordance with the indolent behavior observed in this entity and provides a further link with lymphomatoid papulosis type E.
Asunto(s)
Vasos Sanguíneos/patología , Linfoma Anaplásico Cutáneo Primario de Células Grandes/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Piel/irrigación sanguínea , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Biopsia , Vasos Sanguíneos/química , Proliferación Celular , Fibroblastos/patología , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Linfoma Anaplásico Cutáneo Primario de Células Grandes/química , Linfoma Anaplásico Cutáneo Primario de Células Grandes/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Fenotipo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/química , Neoplasias Cutáneas/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a B-cell-derived malignant neoplasia that has a unique histological distribution, in which the scarce malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells are surrounded by nonmalignant inflammatory cells. The interactions between the malignant and inflammatory cells are mediated by aberrantly produced cytokines, which play an important role in tumor immunopathogenesis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding cytokines and their regulatory proteins may influence the peripheral levels of these molecules and affect disease's pathobiology. In this study, we evaluate SNPs in the promoter regions of the genes encoding for two key cytokines in Hodgkin lymphoma: IL-10 (SNP/pIL10-592, rs1800872; and SNP/pIL10-1082, rs1800896) and TNF-α (SNP/pTNF -238, rs361525; and SNP/pTNF -862, rs1800630), as well as an SNP in the intronic region of the NFκB1 gene (SNP/iNFKB1, rs1585215), an important regulator of cytokine gene expression. We then look to their possible association with clinical and laboratory features in cHL patients. Seventy-three patients with cHL are genotyped by qPCR-high resolution melting. The SNPs' genotypes are analyzed individually for each SNP, and when more than two allelic combinations are identified, the genotypes are also divided into two groups according to proposed biological relevance. By univariate analysis, patients harboring SNP/pTNF -238 AG genotype more frequently have EBV-associated cHL compared to homozygous GG, whereas the presence of mediastinal disease (bulky and nonbulky) is more common in the pIL10-592 AC/CC group compared to the AA homozygous group. Patients with SNP/iNFKB1 AA genotype more frequently have stage IV and extranodal disease at diagnosis. These results indicate that some SNPs' genotypes for IL-10 and TNF-α genes are associated with prognostic parameters in cHL. For the first time, the SNP/iNFKB1 is described in association with clinical features of the disease.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Hodgkin/genética , Interleucina-10/genética , Subunidad p50 de NF-kappa B/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Genotipo , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Laryngeal carcinomas are aggressive neoplasms with controversial association with the human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). So far, the impairment of p53 protein function and its impact on cellular proliferation has not been studied adequately in these tumors. In this work, molecular biologic techniques were used to assess the frequency of HPV and EBV in 110 squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx. In addition, accumulation of p53 and Ki-67 cell proliferation antigen expression in malignant cells was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis. High-grade HPV was found in 37.3% of cases, and none had demonstrable EBV infection. Accumulation of p53 was found in 78.2% of the cases, and it was related to a high Ki-67 labeling index and higher histologic grade. The results demonstrate association of HPV with more than one third of laryngeal carcinomas studied, mainly glottic tumors. Tumors with increased cell proliferation were more frequently high grade, with p53 accumulation and lymph node metastasis.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundario , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/patología , Herpesvirus Humano 4/aislamiento & purificación , Neoplasias Laríngeas/patología , Papillomaviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/patología , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Proliferación Celular , ADN de Neoplasias/análisis , ADN Viral/análisis , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/complicaciones , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/metabolismo , Femenino , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Neoplasias Laríngeas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Laríngeas/virología , Laringe/metabolismo , Laringe/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/metabolismo , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The identification of natural products exerting a combined effect with therapeutic agents could be an alternative for cancer treatment, reducing the concentration of the drugs and side effects. Geopropolis (Geo) is produced by some stingless bees from a mixture of vegetable resins, gland secretions of the bees and soil. It has been used popularly as an antiseptic agent and to treat respiratory diseases and dermatosis. To determine whether Geo enhances the anticancer effect of carboplatin, methotrexate and doxorubicin (DOX), human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) cells were treated with Geo alone or in combination with each drug. Cell growth, cytotoxicity and apoptosis were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and flow cytometry. Scratch assay was used to analyze cell migration and transmission electron microscopy to observe morphologic alterations. The influence of Geo on drug resistance was also investigated assessing P-glycoprotein (P-gp) action. Geo inhibited cell proliferation and migration. The combination Geo+DOX led to the highest cytotoxic activity and induced apoptosis, leading to loss of membrane integrity. Geo had no effect on P-gp-mediated efflux of DOX. Data indicate that Geo combined with DOX could be a potential clinical chemotherapeutic approach for laryngeal cancer treatment.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Abejas/química , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Laríngeas/tratamiento farmacológico , Própolis/uso terapéutico , Miembro 1 de la Subfamilia B de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Carboplatino/farmacología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/ultraestructura , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Neoplasias Laríngeas/patología , Neoplasias Laríngeas/ultraestructura , Metotrexato/farmacología , Própolis/farmacología , Verapamilo/farmacologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the VEGF expression in macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells from pterygium before and after 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) exposure. METHODS: 68 excised pterygia (42 primary and 26 recurrent) were studied by immunohistochemistry, to analyze its expression in cells from pterygium and normal conjunctiva. VEGF expression was evaluated before and after a 5-FU subconjunctival injection 15 days prior to surgery. RESULTS: Expression in macrophages was moderate in normal conjunctiva and low to moderate in pterygium tissues. In fibroblasts, it was negative or low in both tissues. Pterygium had a higher proportion of high VEGF expression in endothelial cells compared to normal tissue (p < 0.05). 5-FU did not have any influence on expression. CONCLUSION: VEGF expression in pterygium macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells was low and similar to that normal in conjunctival tissue. High VEGF expression was found in pterygium endothelial cells compared to normal conjunctiva. 5-FU does not impact VEGF expression.
Asunto(s)
Antimetabolitos/uso terapéutico , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fluorouracilo/uso terapéutico , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Pterigion/tratamiento farmacológico , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pterigion/metabolismoRESUMEN
Malignancies associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and/or Kaposi's sarcoma human herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is frequently found in patients infected with HIV. Both these human gammaherpesviruses are known for their oncogenic properties, for the viral products that mimic or interfere with the functions of critical cellular proteins, and the ability to escape the immune responses. The introduction of the highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly decreased the frequency of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL); conversely, for some lymphomas the incidence diminished only slightly, as in Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), or had no significant variations, as Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). These observations may indicate that HAART might have a direct impact on KSHV and EBV biology, that there is a reconstitution of the immune system in HIV-infected patients under HAART, or even that HAART perhaps has a detrimental impact in the pathogenic interactions between HIV, EBV and KSHV. The present review aim to evaluate and to discuss the data available for these hypotheses, in order to shed more light on the mechanisms for the cooperation among HIV-1, EBV and KSHV that may culminate in cell transformation and cancer development in humans.
Asunto(s)
Regulación Viral de la Expresión Génica , VIH/metabolismo , Herpesvirus Humano 4/metabolismo , Herpesvirus Humano 8/metabolismo , Neoplasias/virología , Animales , Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Activa , Linfocitos B/virología , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Infecciones por VIH/virología , Humanos , Sistema Inmunológico , Ratones , Modelos Biológicos , Neoplasias/patología , Programas InformáticosRESUMEN
CONTEXT: Interleukins (ILs) 6, 10, and 13 seem to be important in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), but there is insufficient data on the serum levels of these cytokines in patients with HL. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 before and after HL treatment and to determine their potential association with clinical and laboratory parameters. DESIGN: Serum IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 levels were quantified in the serum of 27 patients with HL by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results were evaluated against clinical and laboratory parameters, response to treatment, and presence of infection by the Epstein-Barr virus. As a control group, serum samples from 26 healthy blood donors were evaluated the same way. RESULTS: Pretreatment serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in patients with HL (P < .001), and a significant decrease was observed after treatment (P < .001). Serum IL-13 was undetectable in both patient and control groups. Serum IL-6 was higher in patients with abdominal involvement (P â=â .02), hepatomegaly (P â=â .03), B symptoms (P â=â .02), and anemia (P â=â .02). Serum IL-10 levels were higher in patients with hypoalbuminemia (P â=â .04). No association with EBV status was observed. Lymphocytopenia and B symptoms were accurate predictors of IL-6 serum levels before treatment, and higher pretreatment levels of IL-6 were observed in patients with treatment failure (P â=â .03). CONCLUSIONS: Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were frequently elevated in patients with HL and decreased substantially after conventional chemotherapy. The association of elevated IL-6 and IL-10 levels in serum with some clinical and laboratory features suggests those ILs may be useful biomarkers for monitoring the HL disease and its response to chemotherapy.
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Monitoreo de Drogas/métodos , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/sangre , Interleucinas/sangre , Adulto , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Interleucina-10/sangre , Interleucina-13/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Masculino , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
ADN Viral/metabolismo , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/virología , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Neoplasias del Pene/virología , Brasil/epidemiología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , ADN Viral/genética , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/epidemiología , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 4/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias del Pene/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Pene/genética , Proteínas de la Matriz Viral/genética , Proteínas de la Matriz Viral/metabolismoRESUMEN
The nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signaling pathway is pivotal for immune system function. Not surprisingly, pathogenic microorganisms have developed strategies to subvert it. Two examples are Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), oncogenic gammaherpesviruses that establish a lifelong latent infection in their human hosts. The modulation of NF-kappaB signaling by EBV and KSHV is not only important for viral infection, but also contributes to the development of malignant neoplasia. This review explores the current knowledge of NF-kappaB modulation by EBV and KSHV, focusing on connections between viral biology and human carcinogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Transformación Celular Neoplásica , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Herpesvirus Humano 4/metabolismo , Herpesvirus Humano 8/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Neoplasias/virología , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/inmunología , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/metabolismo , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/virología , Regulación Viral de la Expresión Génica , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/inmunología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/metabolismo , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 4/patogenicidad , Herpesvirus Humano 8/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 8/patogenicidad , Humanos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intercelular/metabolismo , Ratones , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/metabolismoRESUMEN
CONTEXT: Hodgkin lymphoma is a neoplastic disease in which the immune system plays a major role in its pathogenesis. Interleukin 10 (IL-10), an immunosuppressive cytokine actively produced in patients with Hodgkin lymphomas, favors the survival of the Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells. Individual variations in IL-10 levels may be due, in part, to the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL10 gene promoter. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether particular single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL10 gene are found more frequently in Hodgkin lymphoma cases associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. DESIGN: The identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms at positions -1082 and -819/-592 in the IL10 gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction length fragment polymorphisms analysis in 65 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma and 50 cases of reactive benign follicular lymphoid hyperplasia (non-Hodgkin lymphoma control group). RESULTS: The frequency of the genotype GG at position -1082 was found to be significantly higher in patients with Epstein-Barr virus-positive Hodgkin lymphoma compared with Epstein-Barr virus-negative cases. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the presence of specific single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL10 gene, notably those associated with high IL-10 production, may play a role in the susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus-positive Hodgkin lymphoma development.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/genética , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/genética , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/virología , Interleucina-10/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Alelos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/etiología , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Seudolinfoma/genéticaAsunto(s)
Neoplasias/microbiología , Gammaherpesvirinae/metabolismo , Infecciones por Helicobacter/metabolismo , Helicobacter pylori/metabolismo , Virus de Hepatitis/metabolismo , Humanos , Modelos Genéticos , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Papillomaviridae/metabolismo , Factores de Riesgo , Virosis/complicaciones , Virosis/microbiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated to the etio-pathogenesis of an increasing number of tumors. Detection of EBV in pathology samples is relevant since its high prevalence in some cancers makes the virus a promising target of specific therapies. RNA in situ hybridization (RISH) is the standard diagnostic procedure, while polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods are used for strain (EBV type-1 or 2) distinction. We performed a systematic comparison between RISH and PCR for EBV detection, in a group of childhood B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), aiming to validate PCR as a first, rapid method for the diagnosis of EBV-associated B-cell NHL. METHODS: EBV infection was investigated in formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples of 41 children with B-cell NHL, including 35 Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by in situ hybridization of EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER-RISH) and PCR assays based on EBNA2 amplification. RESULTS: EBV genomes were detected in 68% of all NHL. Type 1 and 2 accounted for 80% and 20% of EBV infection, respectively. PCR and RISH were highly concordant (95%), as well as single- and nested-PCR results, allowing the use of a single PCR round for diagnostic purposes. PCR assays showed a sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 100%, respectively, with a detection level of 1 EBV genome in 5,000-10,000 EBV-negative cells, excluding the possibility of detecting low-number EBV-bearing memory cells. CONCLUSION: We describe adequate PCR conditions with similar sensitivity and reliability to RISH, to be used for EBV diagnostic screening in high grade B-NHL, in "at risk" geographic regions.
RESUMEN
In developing countries, BL has a strong association with EBV infection during childhood. In South America, the data have shown an EBV association intermediate between that reported in the United States (30%) and that in equatorial Africa (95%). Early age at EBV infection and lower socioeconomic status have been related to increased EBV-associated BL in developing countries. In Brazil, there are not enough data on childhood BL related to EBV infection. Our aim was to evaluate the clinicopathologic features and EBV association of 44 children with NHL from the state of Rio de Janeiro, situated in the southeast of Brazil. EBV was detected using RNA in situ hybridization in 36 biopsy specimens. DNA from fresh tumor samples and from paraffin-embedded tissues of patients were analyzed by PCR, in which the first reaction included primers for an EBNA-2 common region while the nested reaction amplified the region discriminating between EBV types 1 and 2 in separate reactions. EBV was detected in 21 of 29 BLs (72%), and type 1 virus infected the majority of EBV-positive BLs (18/21). There was a trend for younger age in children with EBV-positive BL compared to EBV-negative BL (median age 4 compared to 6 years, respectively; p = 0.056). Our study confirmed that in the southeast of Brazil BL had an intermediate association with EBV. A higher rate of EBV-associated BL was described in the northeast of Brazil. These differences are probably related to regional socioeconomic status. In conclusion, our study suggests that early infection with EBV in the background of a low socioeconomic condition associated with other environmental factors could contribute to BL in Brazil.