Longitudinal Model Predicting Self-Concept in Pediatric Chronic Illness.

Although self-concept has been identified as salient to the psychosocial adjustment of adolescents dealing with a chronic illness (CI), little research has focused on its predictors it. Given that depression and parent-child attachment have been linked to self-concept in the population at large, the goal of this study was to evaluate these relationships longitudinally in a sample of adolescents with CI. Using participant data from the Mastering Each New Direction (MEND) program, a 3-month psychosocial, family based intensive outpatient program for adolescents with CI, we employed multilevel modeling to test longitudinal changes in self-concept, as predicted by depressive symptoms and parent-child attachment, in a sample of 50 youths (Mage  = 14.56, SDage  = 1.82) participating in MEND. Both "time spent in the program" and decreases in depressive symptoms were associated with increases in self-concept over time. Higher baseline levels of avoidant attachment to both mother and father were also associated with greater initial levels of self-concept. Targeting depressive symptoms and supporting adaptive changes in attachment may be key to promoting a healthy self-concept in pediatric CI populations. The association between avoidant attachment and higher baseline self-concept scores may reflect differences in participants' autonomy, self-confidence, or depression. Limitations of the study include variability in the amount of time spent in the program, attrition in final time point measures, and the inability to fully examine and model all potential covariates due to a small sample size (e.g. power).

Aunque el autoconcepto se cosidera muy importante para la adaptación psicosocial de los adolescentes que sufren una enfermedad crónica (EC), pocas investigaciones se han centrado en qué lo predice. Teniendo en cuenta que la depresión y el apego entre padres e hijos se ha asociado con el autoncepto en la población en general, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar estas relaciones longitudinalmente en una muestra de adolescentes con EC. Utilizando datos de los participantes del programa Mastering Each New Direction (MEND), un programa ambulatorio psicosocial, familiar e intensivo de tres meses para adolescentes con EC, usamos modelos multinivel para evaluar los cambios longitudinales en el autoconcepto como los predicen los síntomas depresivos y el apego entre padres e hijos en una muestra de 50 jóvenes (Edad promedio = 14.56, desvío estándar = 1.82) que participaron en el programa MEND. Tanto el "tiempo pasado en el programa" como las disminuciones de los síntomas depresivos estuvieron asociados con aumentos en el autoconcepto con el paso del tiempo. Los niveles iniciales más altos de apego evasivo a la madre y al padre también estuvieron asociados con mayores niveles iniciales de autoconcepto. Enfocarse en los síntomas depresivos y apoyar los cambios adaptativos en el apego puede ser clave para promover un autoconcepto saludable en las poblaciones de pacientes pediátricos con enfermedades crónicas. La asociación entre el apego evasivo y los puntajes iniciales más altos de autoconcepto pueden reflejar diferencias en la autonomía, la autoconfianza o la depresión de los participantes. Entre las limitaciones del estudio se encuentran la variabilidad de la cantidad de tiempo pasado en el programa, la reducción de las valoraciones de los últimos intervalos de tiempo y la incapacidad de analizar y exponer completamente todas las posibles covariables debido a un tamaño muestral pequeño (p. ej.: poder).

[Self-concept level in children with burns sequelae: A comparative study]. / Nivel de autoconcepto en niños con secuelas de quemaduras: estudio comparativo.

INTRODUCTION: Self-concept is the set of ideas and attitudes that a person has about him/herself. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether there are differences in the level of self-concept in children 8-12 years old with and without burns sequelae. To identify predictive variables of self-concept in children with sequelae. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A comparative cross-sectional study of self-concept in 109 children with burns sequelae, from 8 to 12 years old, with 109 children without burns sequelae, and of the same age and socioeconomic status. The Piers-Harris self-concept scale is used, which provides a general measurement of self-concept and behavioural, intellectual and school status, appearance, and physical attributes, anxiety, popularity, happiness and satisfaction dimensions. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the level of general self-concept or their dimensions (P>.05). In the group with burns sequelae, the protective factor was the variable number of sequels was associated with the dimensions of anxiety, popularity, happiness-satisfaction and general self-concept. The location variable emerged as a risk factor for the behavioural dimension. DISCUSSION: The absence of differences in self-concept between children with burns sequelae and children without them is similar to that reported in the literature. The finding in the risk and protective factors encourages to further research, and perhaps incorporating pre-morbidity and family background.

Cultural differences in appraisals of control and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.

Background: Appraisals are central to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet, few studies have examined how culture influences the associations between different types of trauma-related appraisals and PTSD symptoms.Objective: This study investigated cultural influences on appraisals of control and their associations with PTSD symptoms.Method: European Australian (n = 140, Mage = 35.80, SD = 12.44; 21 men, 97 women, 20 gender diverse/prefer not to report) and Chinese Australian (n = 129, Mage = 30.16, SD = 8.93, 21 men, 97 women, 20 gender diverse/prefer not to report) trauma survivors completed measures of appraisals, cultural values, and PTSD symptoms.Results: Findings showed that the Chinese Australian group was associated with greater Chinese cultural beliefs about adversity (i.e. emphasizing the value of adversity and people's ability to overcome adversity) and fewer fatalism appraisals (i.e. appraising one's destiny as externally determined), which in turn were atemporally associated with fewer PTSD symptoms; these atemporal indirect associations were moderated by self-construal and holistic thinking. The Chinese Australian group also reported fewer secondary control appraisals (i.e. attempts to change aspects of the self and accept current circumstances), which were atemporally associated with greater PTSD symptoms. In contrast, the European Australian group was associated with fewer primary control appraisals (i.e. perceived ability to personally change or control a situation), which were atemporally associated with greater PTSD symptoms.Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of considering the influence of culture on appraisals in PTSD. However, it must be noted that causal relationships cannot be inferred from cross-sectional mediation analyses and thus, future longitudinal research is needed.

Chinese Australian trauma survivors were associated with greater reporting of Chinese cultural beliefs about adversity and fewer fatalism appraisals, which were associated with fewer PTSD symptoms. These associations were moderated by a trauma survivor's self-construal and level of holistic thinking.Chinese Australian trauma survivors reported fewer secondary control appraisals, which were associated with greater PTSD symptoms.European Australian trauma survivors were associated with fewer primary control appraisals, which were associated with greater PTSD symptoms.

Exploring nursing student self-esteem change and its predictors: Cohort study and its methodological challenges.

OBJECTIVE: Considering methodological difficulties and inconsistent results of previous studies on it, the objective was to describe the change in nursing student self-esteem over time and its predictors, using a sound theoretical framework and relevant tools to measure and analyse the data. METHOD: Cohort study. Self-esteem and related factors were assessed in nursing students in a 4-year bachelor's program at the beginning of each academic year from 2017 to 2019 and at the end of the academic year in May 2020, using he revised version of Self-liking/Self-competence scale of Tafarodi and Swann. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed via generalized linear mixed modelling. RESULTS: Self-esteem was moderate at the beginning of the program: 50.40 (9.10). It increased slightly over time: 51.15 (9.11) at T1; 51.64 (0.49) at T2; and 51.39 (10.79) at T3 (P = .002). Baseline variables that predicted self-esteem change were gender, secondary school graduation level, state anxiety, intent to continue, and self-efficacy. Assessing and improving those last variables via a strong career plan could boost student achievement and increase retention during and after training. CONCLUSION: Nursing student self-esteem can be assessed using a bidimensional model, with a two-factor scale like Tafarodi & Swann's self-liking/self-competence scale. Generalized linear mixed model is a useful way to correlate large sets of longitudinal data.

Association of physical activity, muscular strength, and obesity indicators with self-concept in Chilean children.

Introduction: Objectives: the present study examined the association of physical activity, muscular strength, and obesity indicators with self-concept in Chilean children. Methods: this cross-sectional study included 1078 Chilean children (mean age: 9.1 years [standard deviation: 1.1]; 598 boys). Physical activity was evaluated using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children. Upper and lower limb strength was evaluated using a digital dynamometer and standing long jump performance, respectively. The general strength index was calculated based on z-score values. Obesity indicators used were height, weight, body mass index, and body fat. The self-concept test was used to determine the academic, social, emotional, family, physical self-concept dimensions and total self-concept of children. Results: the mean total self-concept was 3.3 (standard deviation: 0.5). Physical activity was associated with academic (ß: 0.32; p = 0.03), social (ß: 0.24; p = 0.04), family (ß: 0.13; p = 0.01), physical (ß: 0.46; p = 0.01) self-concept dimensions and total self-concept (ß: 0.22; p = 0.01), regardless of sex and age. Upper limb strength and general strength index were negatively associated with academic self-concept dimensions (ß: -0.02; p = 0.01 and ß: -0.13; p = 0.02) and total self-concept (ß: -0.04; p = 0.01). Body weight and body mass index were negatively associated with academic (ß: -0.01; p = 0.01 and ß: -0.01; p = 0.02) and physical self-concept dimensions (ß: -0.03; p = 0.03). Conclusions: these findings suggest that physical activity is positively related with self-concept. Thus, physical activity and self-percept must be considered as an essential social cognitive perspective to provide suitable mental health in children.

Introducción: Objetivos: el presente estudio examinó la asociación de indicadores de actividad física, fuerza muscular y obesidad con el autoconcepto en niños chilenos. Métodos: este estudio transversal incluyó a 1078 niños chilenos (edad media: 9,1 años [desviación estándar: 1,1]; 598 niños). La actividad física se evaluó mediante el Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children. La fuerza de los miembros superiores e inferiores se evaluó utilizando un dinamómetro digital y el rendimiento en salto de longitud de pie. El índice de fuerza general se calculó en base a los valores de z-score. Los indicadores de obesidad utilizados fueron altura, peso, índice de masa corporal y grasa corporal. Se utilizó el test de autoconcepto para determinar las dimensiones académicas, social, emocional, familiar, físico y autoconcepto total. Resultados: la muestra total presento un autoconcepto promedio de 3,3 (desviación estándar: 0,5). La actividad física se asocio con autoconcepto académico (ß: 0,32; p = 0,03), social (ß: 0,24; p = 0,04), familiar (ß: 0,13; p = 0,01), físico (ß: 0,46; p = 0,01) y total (ß: 0,22; p = 0,01). La fuerza muscular de miembros superiores y el índice general de fuerza se asociaran negativamente con al autoconcepto académico (ß: -0,02; p = 0,01 y ß: -0,13; p = 0,02) y total (ß: -0,04; p = 0,01). Mientras que el peso corporal e índice de masa corporal se asociaron negativamente con autoconcepto académico (ß: -0,01; p = 0,01 y ß: -0,01; p = 0,02) y físico (ß: -0,03; p = 0,03). Conclusiones: estos hallazgos sugieren que la actividad física se relaciona positivamente con el autoconcepto. Así, la actividad física y la autopercepción deben ser consideradas como una perspectiva cognitiva social imprescindible para proporcionar una adecuada salud mental en los niños.

[Adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern and self-concept in adolescents]. / Adherencia al patrón de dieta mediterránea y autoconcepto en adolescentes.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: adolescence is characterized by being a decisive phase that consolidates both the personality development (attending to various psychosocial factors that influence), and the achievement of habits that will be established in adulthood. Objectives: to relate the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) in adolescents with the self-concept dimensions. Methods: cross-sectional observational study of the adherence to MD level through the MEDAS-14 test and perception of the academic, social, emotional, family and physical dimensions of the self-concept, evaluated through the AF-5 test in 600 adolescents from the south of Spain. Results: the adherence to MD was positively related to the academic level, age and academic self-concept (r = 0.19 to 0.33, p < 0.01), being predicted by 13% of the variance explained by the academic self-concept, and 13.8%, for the academic and social self-concept (p < 0.01). In addition, 58.3% of adolescents presented high adherence to MD and 13.3% and 28.3%, low and medium adherence to MD, respectively, with a mean of 8.8 points, corresponding to an average assessment. Conclusions: the main findings of this study show that adherence to MD is related to academic and social self-concept, age and academic level, which reflects clear food awareness as these variables are evidenced. In addition, adolescents have an average adherence to MD, corresponding to a strict dietary pattern, although not healthy.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: la adolescencia se caracteriza por ser una fase decisiva que consolida tanto el desarrollo de la personalidad, atendiendo a diversos factores psicosociales que influyen, como la adquisición de hábitos que se establecerán en la adultez. Objetivos: relacionar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (DM) en adolescentes con las dimensiones del autoconcepto. Métodos: estudio observacional transversal descriptivo de nivel de adherencia a la DM a través del test de MEDAS-14 y percepción de las dimensiones académica, social, emocional, familiar y física del autoconcepto, evaluado a través del test AF-5 en 600 adolescentes del sur de España. Resultados: la adherencia a la DM se relacionó positivamente con el nivel académico, la edad y el autoconcepto académico (r = 0,19 a 0,33; p < 0,01), siendo predicha por un 13% de la varianza explicada por el autoconcepto académico y un 13,8%, por el autoconcepto académico y social (p < 0,01). Además, el 58,3% de los adolescentes presentaron una adherencia a la DM alta y el 13,3% y el 28,3%, una adherencia a la DM baja y media, respectivamente. La media fue de 8,8 puntos, que corresponde a una valoración media. Conclusiones: los principales hallazgos de este estudio muestran que la adherencia a la DM se relaciona con el autoconcepto académico y social, la edad y el nivel académico, que reflejan una clara concienciación alimentaria conforme se evidencian dichas variables. Además, la población adolescente tiene una adherencia a la DM media, que corresponde a un patrón dietético estricto aunque no saludable.

Relação entre o autoconceito de pré-adolescentes e resolução de conflitos interpessoais / The relationship between pre-adolescent children's self-concept and interpersonal conflict resolution / Relations entre le concept de soi des preadolescents et la résolution des conflicts / Relación entre el autoconcepto en preadolescentes y la resolución de conflictos interpersonales

Resumo: Pesquisas têm evidenciado relações entre estratégias de resolução de conflitos e variáveis como idade, sexo, nível socioeconômico e cultura. Porém, a relação das estratégias com aspectos do funcionamento psicológico como o autoconceito tem sido pouco investigada, especialmente na pré-adolescência. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar a existência de relações entre as estratégias de resolução de conflitos de pré-adolescentes e o seu autoconceito. Estas foram analisadas por meio das respostas dos participantes sobre o que fariam em situações de conflito descritas no Children's Action Tendency Scale (CATS). O questionário contém dez situações de conflito, ao final dos quais se pede que seja descrita a reação a cada uma. O autoconceito foi avaliado por meio das respostas dos participantes às vinte afirmações da Escala Multidimensional de Autoconceito para pré-adolescentes (AF5) sobre autoconceito e relações interpessoais. Os dados obtidos passaram por testes de correlação, verificando-se a associação entre estratégias como a assertiva e dimensões do autoconceito.

Abstract: Studies have shown relationships between conflict resolution strategies and variables including age, socioeconomic status, sex, and culture. However, the relationship between these strategies and aspects of psychological functioning such as self-concept has been little investigated, especially in pre-adolescence. This research aimed to verify the existence of relationships between the conflict resolution strategies reported by pre-adolescent children and their self-concept. The strategies were analyzed by the participants' answers about what they would do in ten conflict situations described in a questionnaire. These answers were categorized according to the type of reaction informed. Self-concept was assessed using the participants' responses to the 20 statements from the AF5 Self-Concept Questionnaire on self-concept and interpersonal relationships. The data obtained were tested for correlation, verifying the association between reported strategies such as assertiveness and self-concept dimensions.

Résumé : La recherche a montré des relations entre stratégies de résolution des conflits et des variables telles qu'âge, sexe, et culture. Cependant, la relation entre les stratégies et des aspectes du fonctionnement psychologique tels que concept de soi a été peut étudié, notamment à la préadolescence. Cette recherche visait à vérifier l'existence de relations entre les stratégies de résolution de conflits rapportées par les préadolescents et leur concept de soi. Les stratégies ont été vérifiées à travers les réponses des participants sur ce qu'ils feraient dans des situations conflictuelles décrites dans le Children's Action Tendency Scale, Le questionnaire contient dix situations conflictuelles et on leur a demandé de décrire leur réaction à chacune d'elles. Le concept de soi a été mesuré à travers de réponses des participants à l'Échelle multidimensionnelle du concept de soi pour des préadolescents sur leur autoreprésentation et leur relations interpersonnelles. Les données obtenues ont été soumis à des tests de corrélation, vérifiant la relation entre les stratégies rapportées comme la afirmation et la dimension du concept de soi.

Resumen: Estudios han demostrado las relaciones entre las estrategias de resolución de conflictos y las variables como edad, sexo, nivel socioeconómico y cultura. Sin embargo, la relación de estas estrategias con aspectos del funcionamiento psicológico como el autoconcepto ha sido poco investigada, sobre todo en cuanto a la adolescencia. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comprobar la existencia de relaciones entre las estrategias de resolución de conflictos de preadolescentes y su autoconcepto. Las estrategias se analizaron desde las respuestas de los participantes sobre qué harían en situaciones de conflictos descritas en Children's Action Tendency Scale . El cuestionario contiene diez situaciones de conflicto, y el participante describía su reacción ante la situación. El autoconcepto se evaluó mediante las respuestas de los participantes a veinte afirmaciones de la Escala Multidimensional de Autoconcepto para preadolescentes respecto al autoconcepto y relaciones interpersonales. Los datos obtenidos se sometieron a pruebas de correlación para comprobar si existe relación entre algunas estrategias, como la asertividad y las dimensiones del autoconcepto.

Motivación y autoconcepto de estudiantes con sobrepeso y obesidad en la escuela primaria / Motivação e autoconceito de alunos com sobrepeso e obesidade no ensino fundamental / Motivation and self-concept of students with overweight and obesity in elementary school

RESUMO A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo geral verificar a motivação para aprender de alunos do Ensino Fundamental II e o autoconceito deles relacionados a um fator, crianças acima do peso ideal. Participaram 414 alunos entre 10 a 16 anos de idade, dentre eles 74 com sobrepeso, obesidade ou obesidade grave. Os instrumentos aplicados foram o Questionário de Percepção Corporal, Escala de Motivação e Escala de Autoconceito Infanto-Juvenil. Os resultados mostram que em relação à motivação escolar, prevaleceu a regulação identificada e em relação ao autoconceito, constatou-se que o autoconceito pessoal teve uma média alta e o autoconceito social obteve a menor média. A correlação de Pearson mostrou relação entre a desmotivação e o autoconceito familiar; a motivação intrínseca também se correlacionou com o autoconceito geral e social. Por fim, a análise de regressão evidenciou relação de dependência entre a motivação intrínseca ao se tratar de autoconceito geral e autoconceito social.

RESUMEN La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general verificar la motivación para aprender de los estudiantes de primaria y su autoconcepto relacionado con un factor, los niños con sobrepeso. Participaron 414 estudiantes entre 10 y 16 años, de los cuales 74 tenían sobrepeso, obesidad u obesidad severa. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Cuestionario de Percepción Corporal, Escala de Motivación y Escala de Autoconcepto Infanto-Juvenil. Los resultados muestran que, con relación a la motivación escolar, prevaleció la regulación identificada y con relación al autoconcepto, se encontró que el autoconcepto personal tiene un promedio alto y el autoconcepto social el más bajo. La correlación de Pearson apuntó una relación entre la desmotivación y el autoconcepto familiar, la motivación intrínseca también se correlacionó con el autoconcepto general y social. Finalmente, el análisis de regresión apuntó una relación de dependencia entre la motivación intrínseca cuando se trata del autoconcepto general y el autoconcepto social.

ABSTRACT The present research has as general objective to verify the motivation to learn of Elementary School II students and their self-concept related to a factor, children above ideal weight. For data collection 414 students between 10 and 16 years old participated, among them 74 overweight, obese or severely obese. The instruments applied were the Body Perception Questionnaire, Motivation Scale and Child and Adolescent Self-Concept Scale. The results show that in relation to school motivation, the identified regulation prevailed and in relation to self-concept, it was found that the personal self-concept has a high average and the social self-concept was the lowest. Pearson's correlation showed a relationship among demotivation and family self-concept, intrinsic motivation also correlated with general and social self-concept. Finally, the regression analysis showed a dependency relationship between intrinsic motivation when dealing with general self-concept and social self-concept.

Los hábitos de vida saludables en relación al autoconcepto físico en taekwondokas ecuatorianos en tiempos de la pandemia "COVID 19"

La práctica de taekwondo, en el confinamiento de la pandemia del COVID 19, guarda relación con los hábitos de vida saludables y autoconcepto físico. En tal sentido, se determinó como el objetivo de esta investigación identificar las relaciones que puedan producirse entre las respuestas al CAF (Cuestionario de autoconcepto físico) y hábitos de vida saludables de los practicantes de taekwondo a nivel nacional. Se implementó un diseño ex post facto de carácter retrospectivo y correlacional, donde las variables independientes no son susceptibles de manipulación, se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico discrecional, cuya muestra la componen 423 deportistas de taekwondo entre 12 y 58 años. Los participantes cumplimentaron el Cuestionario de autoconcepto físico (CAF) y el Cuestionario de hábitos de vida saludables. Los resultados, comprueban la importancia de los entrenamientos en confinamiento de taekwondo como aporte de una vida saludable, en relación con su propia percepción del autoconcepto físico de los participantes. Se concluyó que la práctica del taekwondo en época de pandemia aportó significativamente en el cuidado y desarrollo de los hábitos de vida saludables.

A prática do Taekwondo, no confinamento da pandemia da COVID-19, está relacionada a hábitos de vida saudáveis e ao autoconceito físico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar as relações que podem ocorrer entre as respostas ao CAF (Questionário de Autoconceito Físico) e os hábitos de vida saudável dos praticantes de Taekwondo em nível nacional. Foi implementado um projeto retrospectivo e correlacional ex post facto, em que as variáveis independentes não são suscetíveis de manipulação. Foi utilizada uma amostragem não probabilística discreta, com uma amostra de 423 atletas de taekwondo entre 12 e 58 anos de idade. Os participantes preencheram o Questionário de Autoconceito Físico (CAF) e o Questionário de Hábitos de Estilo de Vida Saudável. Os resultados comprovam a importância do treinamento de confinamento do taekwondo como contribuição para um estilo de vida saudável, em relação à percepção dos próprios participantes sobre seu autoconceito físico. Concluiu-se que a prática do taekwondo em tempos de pandemia contribuiu significativamente para o cuidado e o desenvolvimento de hábitos de vida saudáveis.

The practice of Taekwondo, in the confinement of the COVID19 pandemic, is related to healthy lifestyle habits and physical self-concept. In this sense, the objective of this research was determined to identify the relationships that may occur between the responses to the CAF (Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire) and healthy lifestyle habits of Taekwondo practitioners nationwide. An ex post facto design of a retrospective and correlational nature was implemented, where the independent variables are not susceptible to manipulation, a discretionary non-probabilistic sampling was used, which sample is made up of 423 taekwondo athletes between 12 and 58 years old. The participants completed the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire (CAF) and the Healthy Life Habits questionnaire. The results prove the importance of Taekwondo confinement training as a contribution to a healthy life, in relation to their own perception of the participants' physical self-concept. It was concluded that the practice of taekwondo during the pandemic contributed significantly to the care and development of healthy lifestyle habits.

Necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico y su relación con el rendimiento académico, la autoestima y el bullying: revisión de la literatura / Need for orthodontic treatment and its relationship with academic performance, self-esteem and bullying: a review of the literature / Necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico e sua relação com o desempenho acadêmico, a autoestima e o bullying: uma revisão da literatura

RESUMEN La finalidad del presente estudio fue llevar a cabo un análisis de la literatura sobre la autopercepción de la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico relacionado al rendimiento académico, la autoestima y el bullying. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica de artículos originales (estudios transversales) que cumplan con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, elaborados desde el 2018 hasta el 2022, de las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO y ScienceDirect, en idiomas inglés, español y portugués. Finalmente, se seleccionaron 17 artículos que cumplían los criterios de exclusión y el diseño del estudio.

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to conduct a literature review on the self-perception of the need for orthodontic treatment related to academic performance, self-esteem, and bullying. An electronic search was conducted for original articles (cross-sectional studies), meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, produced from 2018 to 2022, from the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, and ScienceDirect, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese languages. Finally, 17 articles were selected that met the exclusion criteria and the study design.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi conduzir uma revisão da literatura sobre a autopercepção da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico, considerando sua relação com o desempenho acadêmico, a autoestima e o bullying. Para atingir esse objetivo, uma busca eletrônica de artigos originais (estudos transversais) foi conduzida, com inclusão de trabalhos produzidos entre 2018 e 2022. Essa busca foi realizada em diversas bases de dados, incluindo PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO e ScienceDirect. Foram considerados artigos em inglês, espanhol e português, seguindo critérios de inclusão e exclusão. No decorrer desse processo, foram selecionados 17 artigos que atendiam aos critérios pré-estabelecidos de exclusão e ao desenho do estudo.

Salud y bienestar en el imaginario de la población latinoamericana 2019 - 2020 / Health and well-being in the imagination of the latin american population 2019 - 2020

Resumen Objetivos: Caracterizar representaciones sociales de la población latinoamericana sobre vida saludable, salud y bienestar; establecer similitudes, diferencias y discrepancias entre lo que las personas consideran la salud y el concepto de la OMS y la OPS. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, multicéntrico (Colombia, Cuba, México, Panamá y Perú); empleando revisión bibliográfica, documental, encuesta y consulta a expertos mediante el método Delphi modificado. Universo: población 18 a 80 años; muestreo no probabilístico, criterio de conveniencia. Muestra 1,327 sujetos: Colombia (103); Cuba (80); México (1010); Panamá (84) y Perú (50). Se exploraron variables sociodemográficas, autoconcepto de vida saludable, salud, bienestar y actividades que generan y producen salud y bienestar. Los datos se procesaron en el paquete estadístico SPSS-20 para realizar estadística descriptiva; (tendencia central y correlación). Resultados: La población relaciona el autoconcepto de salud con ausencia de enfermedad y enfermedad con pérdida de salud, no con comportamientos que pueden generarla o perjudicarla (estilos de vida). La representación social del bienestar concede la mayor importancia al acceso a los servicios de salud. No existe diferenciación clara entre la representación social de salud y bienestar. Conclusiones: La población no se percibe como ente activo y transformador en las actividades que generan una vida saludable. La salud universal subyace en la representación social del bienestar al mostrar la importancia que le concede la población al acceso a servicios de salud. La conceptualización de la salud que propugna la OMS es algo no interiorizado por las personas de los países latinoamericanos encuestados.

Abstract Objectives: To characterize social representations of Latin-American population about health life, health and wellbeing establish similitudes, differences and discrepancies between what people consider health and the concept of the OMS and the OPS. Materials and methods: Descriptive study, transversal, multicenter (Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Panama and Peru) employing bibliographic, documentary, survey and expert consultation using the modified Delphi method. Universe Population from 18 to 80 years old, non probabilistic sampling, convenience criteria. Sampling 1327 subjects: Colombia (103), Cuba (80), Mexico (1010), Panama (84) and Peru (50). Were explored sociodemographic variables, healthy life, health, wellbeing and activities autoconcept that generate and produce health and wellbeing. Data was processed in the statistic package SPSS 20 to perform descriptive statistic (central tendency and correlation). Results: The population relates the concept of health with absence of illness and illness with loss of health, not with behaviors that can generate or damage it life styles. The social representation of wellbeing gives the most important to the health services access. There is no clear differentiation between the social health and wellbeing representation. Conclusions: The population does not perceive itself as an active subject and transformer in the activities that generate a healthy life. The universal health underlays in the social representation of wellbeing when showing the importance population concedes to the access to health services. The concept of health promoted by the OMS is something not interiorized by Latin American countries.

Relación entre la Actividad Física e Indicadores de Salud Mental / Relationship between Physical Activity and Mental Health Indicators

Resumen Introducción: Los avances científicos y tecnológicos del último siglo han promovido estilos de vida inactivos y nocivos para la salud humana, resultando en repercusiones tanto físicas como mentales que han terminado por acentuarse durante el confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19. Considerando a la actividad física como cualquier movimiento corporal producido por los músculos esqueléticos que exija gasto de energía se indagó su posible relación con los factores de estrés y ansiedad, al igual que su influencia sobre el autoconcepto y autoestima, dependiendo de las horas invertidas en la actividad física (considerando desde niveles sedentarios hasta ejercicio físico). Objetivo: Identificar la relación que tiene la actividad física con variables de la salud mental (el estrés, la ansiedad, el autoconcepto y la autoestima) en adultos jóvenes mexicanos. Método: Se utilizó una muestra no probabilística de 273 personas voluntarias, entre las edades de 18 a 25 años, quienes respondieron la Escala de Estrés Percibido, el Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado, la Escala de Autoestima y el Listado de Adjetivos para la Evaluación del Autoconcepto en Adolescentes y Adultos. Resultados: Se llevó a cabo un análisis de correlación entre estrés y ansiedad, donde ambas variables mostraron significancia en la autoestima positiva, el autoconcepto físico y el autoconcepto emocional. El análisis de varianza mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables de estrés, autoconcepto y autoestima total al compararse con algunos de los grupos. Los jóvenes sedentarios presentaron los niveles más altos de estrés, mientras que aquellos más físicamente activos mostraron mayor ansiedad. El grupo que realiza de 4 a 5 horas de ejercicio semanal presentó los niveles de autoconcepto y autoestima más altos. Discusión: La ansiedad mantiene una relación variable dependiendo de las horas dedicadas al ejercicio físico, mientras que el estrés se relaciona con el sentimiento de capacidad que la persona tiene de sí misma. El autoconcepto y autoestima se ven afectadas positivamente con la presencia de actividad física por un incremento de percepción de bienestar, control y salud emocional.

Abstract Introduction: The scientific and technological advances of the last century have promoted inactive and harmful lifestyles for human health, resulting in both physical and mental repercussions that have ended up being accentuated during the confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering physical activity as any body movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure, its possible relationship with stress and anxiety factors was investigated, as well as its influence on the self-concept and self-esteem, depending on the hours invested in physical activity (considering from sedentary levels to physical exercise). Objective: To identify the relationship between physical activity and mental health variables (stress, anxiety, self-concept, and self-esteem) in young Mexican adults. Method: A non-probabilistic sample of 273 volunteers was used, between the ages of 18 and 25, who answered the Perceived Stress Scale, the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory, the Self-Esteem Scale and the List of Adjectives for the Evaluation of Self-concept in Adolescents and Adults. Results: A correlation analysis between stress and anxiety was carried out, where both variables showed significance in positive self-esteem, physical self-concept and emotional self-concept. The analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences in the variables of stress, self-concept and total self-esteem when compared to some of the groups. Sedentary youths reported the highest levels of stress, while those who were more physically active reported higher anxiety. The group that performs 4 to 5 hours of weekly exercise presented the highest levels of self-concept and self-esteem. Discussion: Anxiety maintains a variable relationship depending on the hours dedicated to physical exercise, while stress is related to the feeling of capacity that the person has of himself. Self-concept and self-esteem are positively affected by the presence of physical activity due to an increase in the perception of well-being, control and emotional health.

Influencia de autoconcepto en los estilos de vida de estudiantes de enfermería en una universidad privada del Este de Lima / Influence of self-concept in the lifestyles of nursing students in a private university in Eastern Lima

Resumen La formación académica de los profesionales de ciencias de la salud lleva implícito el desarrollo armonioso e integral como ser humano, considerando, entre otros elementos, el autoconcepto y los estilos de vida a fin de que se constituya en un agente proactivo de cambio en el lugar donde se desempeñe. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la influencia del autoconcepto sobre los estilos de vida en estudiantes de una universidad privada de Lima Este. Su diseño es no experimental de tipo cuantitativo con enfoque explicativo-causal y transversal. El método de muestreo utilizado fue el no probabilístico. Participaron 135 estudiantes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión y contó con la aprobación del Comité de Ética de la universidad. Para el logro de los objetivos, se aplicó el cuestionario de estilos de vida (PEPS-I), para la variable autoconcepto el test AF-5. En el análisis descriptivo, el promedio del perfil de estilos de vida corresponde a la dimensión autoactualización (43.2), seguido de la dimensión responsabilidad en la salud (26.1) y la dimensión ejercicio con el promedio más bajo (12.4). En el análisis de la variable autoconcepto, el autoconcepto social obtuvo mayor promedio (43.2) y el autoconcepto físico presentó menor promedio (28.2). Una vez concluido el estudio, se pudo afirmar que el autoconcepto influye significativamente sobre el estilo de vida de los estudiantes (β = .80; p < .05); es decir que el autoconcepto logró explicar el 80 % del perfil de estilo de vida que llevaban los estudiantes.

Abstract The academic formation of health science professionals involves their harmonious and integral development as human beings, considering, among other elements, self-concept and lifestyles, in order to become a proactive agent of change in the place where they work. Generally, health science students at the university level in Peru start as adolescents and continue into their later teenage years, a time when self-concept and behavior are developing with a relation between the two. Additionally, university students often do not eat a balanced diet, sleep an adequate number of hours each night, or do enough exercise during the week. This problem is compounded when they have a heavy course load, as is often the case for students in the health sciences. With this in mind, the objective of this study was to identify the influence of self-concept on lifestyles in students of a private university in eastern Lima. The study has a non-experimental design and it is a quantitative study with an explanatory-causal and cross-sectional approach. The sampling method used was non-probabilistic, and 135 students participated in the study, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Their ages ranged from 16 to 24 years old (M = 20) and the majority of the participants were female (87 %). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the university. Two previously validated instruments were chosen to measure the primary variables of the study. The Lifestyle Questionnaire (PEPS-I), consisting of 48 questions with answers on a Likert scale, consists of six factors and was chosen since it has already been validated with adolescents in Peru. The AF-5 has 30 questions grouped into five factors, and it was chosen for the self-concept variable since it has already been validated in a sample of university students in Peru. Both instruments were administered with the support of the Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the university where the study was carried out. Teachers of different courses granted around 20 minutes of their class time for the study team members to come in, present the study, ask for informed consent, and then apply the instruments with those who were willing to participate. In the descriptive analysis, the average of the lifestyle profile corresponds to the self-realization dimension (43.2), followed by the health responsibility dimension (26.1) and the lowest average belongs to the exercise dimension (12.4). In the analysis of the self-concept variable, the social self-concept obtained the highest average (43.2) and the physical self-concept presented the lowest average (28.2). A model was developed to explore the relationships between the two variables and within the factors of each variable. This model shows that self-concept significantly influences the lifestyle of these students (β = .80; p < .05), that is, self-concept is able to explain 80 % of the lifestyle profile that the students currently hold. Within each variable, most of the factors for self-concept had values equal to or greater than .80, except for the family factor which had a value of .55 while the factors for lifestyles were all above .75 except for the exercise factor. Health science education at the university level should include integral formation not only about knowledge that can be used to treat future patients, but also about lifestyle changes that can help their own health. Self-concept and lifestyle are both in a process of formation during the university years, and they are related. Simply learning about the benefits of healthy lifestyles is not enough, as many health science students are taught these concepts but yet do not put them into practice. Social self-concept in particular, since it was the highest score among the related factors, could be a key way to encourage health science students to take what they learn and put it into practice in their own lives.

Características psicométricas de la escala de autoconcepto AF5 en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Manizales / Psychometric characteristics of the AF5 self-concept scale in College students from Manizales, Colombia

Resumen El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo establecer las características psicométricas y la estructura factorial subyacente a los ítems de la Escala de Autoconcepto AF5. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva de corte transversal. Se aplicó el instrumento en 1386 (798 mujeres y 588 hombres) estudiantes de tres universidades ubicadas en una ciudad de la región central del país, una de carácter público y dos privadas. Entre los resultados se encontraron adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para la prueba, así como una estructura hexadimensional del constructo, desde la cual el autoconcepto físico pareció subdividirse en dos dimensiones independientes, condición física y atractivo físico. A manera de conclusión puede indicarse que el AF5 se presenta como un instrumento sólido con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para ser usado en muestras de estudiantes universitarios colombianos.

Abstract To establish the factorial structure underlying the items of the AF5 Self-Concept Scale. Descriptive, cross-sectional study. To carry it out, a validation study of the instrument was performed with 1382 students from three major universities located in a city in the central region of the country. Two out of the three universities were private, the sample was composed by 798 women and 588 men. Adequate psychometric properties were found for the test, as well as a six-dimensional structure of the construct, from which the physical self-concept seemed to be subdivided into two dimensions: physical condition and physical attractiveness, this dimension behaving as two independent factors. The AF5 is presented as a solid instrument with adequate psychometric properties to be used in samples of Colombian college students.

Do autoconhecimento ao autoconceito: revisão sobre construtos e instrumentos para crianças e adolescentes / Del auto conocimiento al auto concepto: revisión sobre constructos e instrumentos para niños y adolescentes / From self-knowledge to self-concept: review on constructs and instruments for children and adolescents

RESUMO. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar o que há na literatura sobre o autoconhecimento e encontrar instrumentos disponíveis para avaliar tal construto voltado para o público de crianças e adolescentes, embasados na Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental. Como método, foi desenvolvida uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, PsycINFO, Lilacs e Scielo. Durante a escolha dos descritores notou-se uma justaposição entre os conceitos autoconhecimento e autoconceito. A partir disso, ambos os conceitos foram tratados como sinônimos, adotando o termo autoconceito para se referir aos dois conceitos. A busca resultou em 11 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de seleção. Sobre os estudos, os anos de publicação variaram de 2008 a 2018, com objetivos variados, englobando desde problemas envolvidos com a saúde até sintomas e transtornos psíquicos na infância e/ou adolescência. O autoconceito mostrou se relacionar ao maior bem-estar e qualidade de vida. Além disso, foram encontrados sete instrumentos que avaliam o autoconceito na infância e/ou adolescência, sendo dois com adaptação para a população brasileira. Concluiu-se que ainda há poucos estudos na literatura sobre esse assunto, como também uma lacuna de instrumentos para avaliá-lo na população brasileira infanto-juvenil. Dessa forma, este estudo confirmou que o autoconhecimento é construto complexo e multidimensional e que há a necessidade de mais estudos na área.

RESUMEN. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar qué hay en la literatura sobre el autoconocimiento y encontrar instrumentos disponibles para evaluar este constructo dirigido al público de niños y adolescentes, basado en la terapia cognitivo-conductual. Como método, se desarrolló una revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, PsycINFO, Lilacs y Scielo. Durante la elección de los descriptores, hubo una yuxtaposición entre los conceptos de autoconocimiento y autoconcepto. A partir de esto, ambos conceptos fueron tratados como sinónimos, adoptando el término autoconcepto para referirse a ambos conceptos. La búsqueda arrojó 11 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Con respecto a los estudios, los años de publicación oscilaron entre 2008 y 2018, con objetivos variados, desde problemas de salud hasta síntomas y trastornos psíquicos en la infancia y / o adolescencia, se demostró que el autoconcepto se relaciona con un mayor bienestar y calidad de vida. Además, encontramos siete instrumentos que evalúan el autoconcepto en la infancia y / o adolescencia, dos con adaptación a la población brasileña. Resulta que todavía hay pocos estudios en la literatura sobre este tema, así como una brecha de instrumentos para evaluarlo en la población juvenil brasileña. Por lo tanto, este estudio confirmó que el autoconocimiento es una construcción compleja y multidimensional y la necesidad de realizar más estudios en el área.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to identify the material available in the literature about the self-knowledge and to find instruments to assess this construct aimed at the audience of children and adolescents, based on Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. As a method, a literature review was performed in the PubMed, PsycINFO, Lilacs and Scielo databases. During the choice of descriptors, there was an overlap between the concepts self-knowledge and self-concept. From this, both concepts were treated as synonyms, adopting the term self-concept to refer to the two concepts. The search resulted in 11 articles that met the selection criteria. The studies were published from 2008 to 2018, with varied objectives, ranging from health problems to psychic symptoms and disorders in childhood and/or adolescence; self-concept was shown to be related to greater well-being and quality of life. In addition, seven instruments were found to assess self-concept in childhood and/or adolescence, two of which were adapted to the Brazilian population. In conclusion, there are still few studies in the literature on this subject, as well as a lack of instruments to assess it in the Brazilian population of children and adolescents. Thus, this study confirmed that self-knowledge is a complex and multidimensional construct and the need for further studies in the area.

Satisfacción vital y calidad de vida estudiantil con relación al autoconcepto familiar en el contexto migratorio en Chile / Life satisfaction and students' quality of life in relation to family self-concept in the migratory context in Chile

Resumen La migración adolescente en Chile es un fenómeno en desarrollo del que se tienen muy pocos estudios respecto a su satisfacción con la vida, calidad de vida percibida y autoconcepto familiar en relación a la población nativa. Este artículo tiene como objetivo comparar la satisfacción con la vida, calidad de vida y autoconcepto familiar de ambos grupos y analizar de qué manera se relacionan ambos constructos en la muestra estudiada. Método: Se administraron las escalas SLSS, BMSLSS y AF5_DF a una muestra de 406 adolescentes de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 16 años. 56.65% de los estudiantes eran chicas y el 43.35% chicos. La muestra estuvo constituida por 55.91% de estudiantes nacidos en Chile y 44.09% de estudiantes migrantes. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias en algunos ítems de las escalas SLSS y BMSLSS entre los dos grupos (nativos y migrantes). No se aprecian diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la Escala AF5_DF. En términos de correlaciones, la Escala BMSLSS explica mejor la Escala SLSS en los estudiantes nativos. En el caso de los estudiantes migrantes, la Escala AF5_DF mostró una correlación más fuerte con la Escala SLSS. La correlación de la BMSLSS_SF con AF5_DF también es mayor en los nativos. Discusión: Los niveles de satisfacción con la vida, calidad de vida percibida y autoconcepto familiar no difieren ampliamente en los dos grupos. La discusión enfatiza la necesidad de seguir explorando el tema con muestras representativas y con metodología cualitativa, de manera longitudinal e incorporando otras variables.

Abstract Adolescent migration in Chile is a developing phenomenon of which there are very few studies regarding their satisfaction with life, perceived quality of life and family self-concept in relation to the native population. This article aims to compare the satisfaction with life, quality of life and family self-concept of both groups and analyze how these constructs are related in the sample studied. Method: The SLSS, BMSLSS and AF5_DF scales were administered to a sample of 406 adolescents aged between 12 and 16 years. 56.65% of the students were girls and 43.35% boys. The sample consisted of 55.91% of students born in Chile and 44.09% of migrant students. Results: Differences were observed in some items of the SLSS and BMSLSS scales between the two groups (natives and migrants). There are no statistically significant differences in the AF5_DF Scale. In terms of correlations, the BMSLSS Scale better explains the SLSS Scale in native students. In the case of migrant students, the AF5_DF Scale showed a stronger correlation with the SLSS Scale. The correlation of the BMSLSS_SF with AF5_DF is also higher in the native ones. Discussion: The levels of satisfaction with life, perceived quality of life and family self-concept do not differ widely in the two groups. The discussion emphasizes the need to continue exploring the issue with representative samples and qualitative methodology, longitudinally and incorporating other variables.

Construcción del Proyecto de Vida de Jugadores de Fútbol categoría juvenil. Un estudio de caso / Construction of the Life Project of Football Players, Youth Category. A Case Study / Construção do Projeto de Vida de Jogadores de Futebol categoria juvenil. Um estudo de caso

Resumen Objetivo. Indagar sobre los aspectos que inciden en la construcción del proyecto de vida de futbolistas de 17 años con aspiraciones de ser jugadores profesionales. Método. Estudio de enfoque cualitativo y descriptivo de corte transversal. Veinticinco jugadores de fútbol de 17 años pertenecientes a un club deportivo de Cali, respondieron a una encuesta de datos sociodemográficos, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a los deportistas y al entrenador a cargo del proceso de formación. Resultados. Se encontró que el proyecto de vida de estos futbolistas estaba influenciado por diversos factores de su contexto próximo, especialmente la familia y el club deportivo. Conclusión. Los aspectos incidentes más importantes en la construcción del proyecto de vida de estos futbolistas son: su familia, los clubes deportivos a los que pertenecen, los entrenadores que han estado a cargo de su proceso deportivo, la cultura académica, las instituciones educativas y en cierta medida la empresa privada que proporciona patrocinios.

Abstract Objective. Look into the aspects that have an impact on the construction of a life project for soccer players aged 17 with aspirations of becoming professional players. Method. This study is a cross sectional, qualitative and descriptive approach. It was carried out with 25 soccer players belonging to a sports club in Cali. A socio-demographic survey was used, as well as a semi-structured interview administered to the athletes and the coach in charge of the training program. Results. It was found that the life project of these soccer players was influenced by different factors of their context, especially their family and the sports club to which they belong. Conclusion. The main aspects that influence the construction of a life project of these soccer players are: their family, the sports clubs to which they belong, the coaches that have been in charge of their training process, their academic context, the educational institutions and, to a certain extent, the private company sponsoring them.

Resumo Escopo. Indagar sobre os aspetos que incidem na construção do projeto de vida de futebolistas de 17 anos com aspirações de serem profissionais. Metodologia. Estudo de enfoque qualitativo e descritivo de corte transversal. Vinte e cinco jogadores de futebol de 17 anos pertencentes a um clube esportivo de Cali, responderam a uma enquete de dados sócio demográficos, foram feitas entrevistas semi-estruturadas aos esportistas e ao treinador a cargo do processo de formação. Resultados. Foi achado que o projeto de vida destes futebolistas estava influído por diversos fatores do seu contexto próximo, especialmente a família e o clube esportivo. Conclusão. Os aspetos incidentes mais importantes na construção do projeto de vida deste futebolistas são: sua família, os clubes esportivos aos que pertencem, os treinadores que tem estado a cargo do seu processo esportivo, a cultura acadêmica, as instituições educativas e em certa medida a empresa privada que fornece patrocínios.

[Cultural scale adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the BRCA Self-Concept Scale in women carriers at high risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer]. / Adaptación cultural y validación de la versión española de la Escala de Autoconcepto en BRCA en mujeres portadoras con alto riesgo de cáncer de mama y ovario hereditario.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Having an inherited predisposition to cancer may have a psychological impact, and one goal of genetic counseling is to promote psychological adjustment to the new situation. Thus, in the genetic context, validated measures of adjustment are required. Given that self-concept is a good indicator of adjustment to the disease or to the risk for it, and a relevant variable in oncology, the goal of the study is to culturally adapt and validate the BRCA Self-Concept Scale. MATERIAL AND METHOD: One hundred and sixty-five BRCA carriers' women answered to the questionnaire, previously adapted through a process of forward/back-translation, and to the Cancer Worry Scale (CWS) as a measure of convergent validity. Theoretical structure of BRCA Self-Concept Scale was assessed by expert judges, and submitted to a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Cronbach's α was calculated for each subscale (Stigma, Vulnerability and Control), and correlations with CWS were performed. RESULTS: Expert judges' structure and CFA do not support the original structure of the questionnaire. The respecificity model (with items 10 and 13 loading on Vulnerability factor) show a better fit: comparative fit index 0.973; Tucker-Lewis index 0.968; root mean square error of approximation 0.067. The Cronbach's α is 0.83 for Stigma, 0.84 for Vulnerability, and 0.61 for Control. Evidence of convergent validity with CWS has been obtained (Spearman's rho 0.631 for Stigma, 0.683 for Vulnerability, and -0.363 for Control; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Results support the validity of the modified Spanish BRCA Self-Concept Scale, which is a potentially useful measure for the study of psychological adjustment to high risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.

[Aerobic capacity, weight status and self-concept in schoolchildren]. / Capacidad aeróbica, estado de peso y autoconcepto en escolares de primaria.

OBJETIVES: To analyze the relationship between self-concept, aerobic capacity and weight status in schoolchildren. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Relational descriptive design in which was assessed the weight status and aerobic capacity of 256 schoolchildren among 8-11 years. Aerobic capacity (low vs high) and the body mass index (normal-weight vs overweight-obesity) were categorized using standard criteria. The self-concept was assessed through the Piers Harris self-concept scale for children. RESULTS: Schoolchildren with normal-weight and high fitness level showed better levels of conductual self-concept (P=.030), physical (P<.001), lack of anxiety (P=.048), and global self-concept (P=.002). The schoolchildren with normal-weight show higher levels of conductual self-concpt (P=.016), intellectual (P=.050), physical (P<.001), life satisfaction (P=.036), and global self-concept (P=.001). The schoolchildren with a higher fitness level showed better conductual self-concept (P=.024), physical (P=.004), lack of anxiety (P=.011), social (P=.024), and global (P=.003). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study strengthen the importance to transmit to the educative community the knowledge of the relationship between the variables analyzed aiming to improve the schoolchildren self-concept.

Autoconceito em adolescentes e suas relações com desempenho escolar e práticas parentais / Self-concept in teenagers and its relations with school performance and parental practices / Autoconcepto en adolescentes y sus relaciones con desempeño escolar y prácticas parentales

O autoconceito pode ser concebido como uma construção teórica que o indivíduo realiza sobre si a partir de sua interação com o meio social, que assume importante papel na compreensão do processo de desenvolvimento humano. Variáveis como desempenho escolar e práticas educativas parentais tem sido relatadas como relevantes para o estabelecimento do autoconceito. Tendo em vista a relevância do tema na adolescência o presente artigo objetivou investigar as possíveis relações entre o autoconceito, desempenho escolar e práticas educativas dos pais, em adolescentes escolares. Fizeram parte desta pesquisa 57 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 12 e 16 anos (M= 13,44; DP=1,13) do 6º ao 9º ano de uma escola pública de Ensino Fundamental. Para isso, foram utilizados a Escala de Autoconceito Infanto ­Juvenil (EAC-IJ), a Escala de Responsividade e Exigência Parental e análise documental na escola para o desempenho escolar. Os resultados demonstraram que houve correlação significativa entre as variáveis do estudo, destacando-se as correlações estabelecidas entre autoconceito e desempenho escolar, desempenho escolar e exigência da mãe, assim como do autoconceito com a responsividade do pai. Discute-se sobre a importância da qualidade da relação familiar e do grupo de amigos no estabelecimento do autoconceito dos adolescentes.(AU)

Self-concept may be conceived as a theoretical construction that the individual has about himself from his interaction with society that assumes an important role in the comprehension of the human development process. Variables such as school performance and parental educational practices have been reported as relevant for the establishment of self-concept. Since this theme can be relevant in adolescence the present article sought to investigate the possible relations between self-concept, school performance and educational practices from parents in school-aged teens. Were part of this research 57 teenagers, from both sexes, with ages between 12 and 16 years old (M= 13,44; DP=1,13) from 6th to9th years of an public elementary school. For that we used the "Escala de Autoconceito Infanto-Juvenil (EAC-IJ)", the "Escala de Responsividade e Exigencia Parental" and analysis of school papers for the school performance. The results showed that there's a significant relation between the variables of study, featuring the relations established between self-concept and school performance, school performance and mother exigency, as for self-concept and father responsiveness. We argue about the importance of a quality family relationship and group of friends in the establishment of self-concept of teenagers.(AU)

El autoconcepto puede ser determinado como una construcción teórica que el individuo realiza sobre sí por medio de su interacción con el medio social, que adquiere importante papel en la comprensión del proceso de desarrollo humano. Variables como el desempeño escolar y las prácticas educativas parentales han sido relatadas como relevantes para la determinación del autoconcepto. Teniendo en cuenta la relevancia del tema en la adolescencia el presente artículo tuvo como objetivo investigar las posibles relaciones entre el autoconcepto, desempeño escolar y prácticas educativas de los padres, en adolescentes escolares. Participaron de esta investigación 57 adolescentes de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 16 años (M = 13,44, SD = 1,13) del 6 al 9 de grado de una escuela pública de enseñanza primaria. Para eso, fueron utilizadas la Escala de Autoconcepto Infantil Juvenil (EAC-IJ), la Escala de Responsividad y Exigencia Parental y análisis documental en escuela para el desempeño escolar. Los resultados demostraron que hubo correlación significativa entre las variables del estudio, resaltándose las correlaciones establecidas entre autoconcepto y desempeño escolar, desempeño escolar y exigencia de la madre, asi como del autoconcepto con la responsividad del padre. Se discute sobre la importancia de la calidad de la relación familiar y del grupo de amigos en la determinación del autoconcepto de los adolescentes.(AU)