[Comparative characterization of the linear dimensions of the pubic symphysis in women in the first period of adulthood, elderly age and old age according to computed tomography data.]

The paper is based on the results of a CT study of 71 women with normal pelvic dimensions without pelvic bone or pelvic organ pathology who underwent the study in 2022-2023. All subjects consented to the study, which was performed according to the indications. The CT study consisted of determining the width, height, and thickness of the pubic symphysis in 3D reconstruction mode. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the anatomical age classification. The first group consisted of 23 first-age adults (21-35 years old); the second group included 25 elderly people (56-74 years old); the third group consisted of 23 elderly people (75-88 years old). The results obtained are the basis for further research and can be used by doctors of such clinical specialties as sports medicine, traumatology, forensics, forensic medicine, obstetrics and many others.

Chest CT tomography vs. intracavitary electrocardiogram guidance in predicting the length of PICC placement.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate chest computed tomography (CT) compared to intracavitary electrocardiogram (ECG) in predicting the length of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placement and analyzing the accuracy of the positioning methods. METHODS: This study included a total number of 436 patients who underwent PICC placement. The patients enrolled were randomly divided into two groups: ECG group (n = 218, received IC-ECG) and chest CT group (n = 218, received chest CT). The tip length of the catheter in the superior vena cava, the measured length of the catheter and the actual insertion length of the catheter were observed and recorded in the two groups. RESULTS: The best catheterization rate of tip positioning and the one-time placement rate of tip positioning in ECG group were significantly higher than that in the chest CT group (all P < 0.05). The comfort level and satisfaction rate in ECG group was significantly higher than that of chest CT group (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Accurate catheterization length could be achieved by both chest CT and intracavitary electrocardiogram guidance in the process of predicting PICC placement length. However, IC-ECG guided procedure was more worthy of promotion in clinic.

Postmortem Analysis Using Different Sensors and Technologies on Aramid Composites Samples after Ballistic Impact.

This work focuses on the combination of two complementary non-destructive techniques to analyse the final deformation and internal damage induced in aramid composite plates subjected to ballistic impact. The first analysis device, a 3D scanner, allows digitalising the surface of the tested specimen. Comparing with the initial geometry, the permanent residual deformation (PBFD) can be obtained according to the impact characteristics. This is a significant parameter in armours and shielding design. The second inspection technique is based on computed tomography (CT). It allows analysing the internal state of the impacted sample, being able to detect possible delamination and fibre failure through the specimen thickness. The proposed methodology has been validated with two projectile geometries at different impact velocities, being the reaction force history on the specimen determined with piezoelectric sensors. Different loading states and induced damages were observed according to the projectile type and impact velocity. In order to validate the use of the 3D scanner, a correlation between impact velocity and damage induced in terms of permanent back face deformation has been realised for both projectiles studied. In addition, a comparison of the results obtained through this measurement method and those obtained in similar works, has been performed in the same range of impact energy. The results showed that CT is needed to analyse the internal damage of the aramid sample; however, this is a highly expensive and time-consuming method. The use of 3D scanner and piezoelectric sensors is perfectly complementary with CT and could be relevant to develop numerical models or design armours.

A novel gastroretentive porous microparticle for anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy: preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

Gastroretentive drug delivery system is a promising option for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, which can prolong gastric residence time and supply high drug concentration in the stomach. In the present study, a low density system of metronidazole-loaded porous Eudragit® RS microparticle with high drug loading capacity (>25%) was fabricated via electrospray method. The porous structure and size distribution of microparticles were affected by polymer concentration and flow rate of solution. FTIR and XRD analyses indicated that drug has been entrapped into the porous microparticles. In addition, sustained release profiles and slight cytotoxicity in vitro were detected. Gamma scintigraphy study in vivo demonstrated that ¹³¹I-labeled microparticles retained in stomach for over 8h, and about 65.50% radioactive counts were finally detected in the region of interest. The biodistribution study confirmed that hotspot of radioactivity was remaining in the stomach. Furthermore, metronidazole-loaded porous microparticles can eradicate H. pylori completely with lower dose and administration frequency of antibiotic compared with pure drug, which were also more helpful for the healing of mucosal damages. These results suggest that prepared porous microparticle has the potential to provide better treatment for H. pylori infection.

Hemorragia digestiva baja / Lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Lower GI bleeding originates distal to the angle of Treitz. Bleeding could be trivial or even massive and risky. It represents one third of the total of GI bleeding cases. It is more frequent in men and older patients. Its mortality is considered among 3-6 percent. It has worse prognosis if it begins during hospital stay. It is less severe than upper GI bleeding and stops spontaneously in 80 percent of cases. There is less consensus regarding its treatment than in case of upper GI bleeding. Nine percent is originated in the small bowel and 6 percent has an undetermined origin. It could be active, recent, or chronic. Acute: with less than 3 days of persistence, causing hemodynamic instability, anemia and/or need for blood transfusion. Chronic: any rectal slow or intermittent bleeding. The need for a transfusion or the occurrence of hemodynamic instability are rare. I tis necessary to identify the bleeding site, for therapy. It recurs in about 25 percent of cases. Colonoscopy is the most relevant study, allowing for diagnosis and localized therapy. Endoscopic hemostatic interventions are available with several options. “Haemospray” has merged as a modern promising new device. Noninvasive imaging studies are becoming more and more relevant and available, as well as interventional radiology for therapeutic purposes; a modern approach to this pathology. It helps to obtain information about bleeding activity, its anatomic origin, and also focuses the study, in order to perform endo-vascular therapy or suggests the localized endoscopy approach. This review represents our approach to the management of lower GI bleeding.

La hemorragia digestiva baja (HDB) se origina distal al ángulo de Treitz. Se puede presentar desde un sangrado trivial, hasta una hemorragia masiva con riesgo vital. La HDB representa un tercio de los casos de hemorragia gastrointestinal. Más frecuente en hombres y pacientes añosos. Tiene una mortalidad entre 3-6 por ciento. De peor pronóstico si se presentare durante la hospitalización. Menos grave que la alta cesa espontáneamente en 80 por ciento de los casos. Existe menos consenso terapéutico que en la hemorragia digestiva alta. El 9 por ciento se origina en el intestino delgado. En 6 por ciento de los casos no se puede determinar su origen. Puede presentarse como activa, reciente o crónica. Aguda: con menos de 3 días de evolución, que cause inestabilidad hemodinámica, anemia y/o necesidad de transfusión. Crónica: cualquier hemorragia a través del recto, con pérdida de sangre lenta o intermitente. La necesidad de transfusión o inestabilidad hemodinámica son raras. Es necesario identificar el sitio de sangrado para su terapia, ya que recurre en 25 por ciento de los casos. La colonoscopia es el estudio más relevante, que permite diagnóstico y terapia localizada. Existen intervenciones endoscópicas que permiten la hemostasia con varias opciones, a las que se agrega recientemente el Hemospray. Destaca el progresivo y relevante rol del estudio de imágenes no-invasivo en el enfrentamiento diagnóstico de la HDB, como gran avance en el enfrentamiento moderno de esta patología. Evidencia la actividad del sangrado, el origen anatómico, focaliza el estudio, y permite realizar terapia endo-vascular o focalizar la terapia endoscópica. El presente artículo, señala nuestra forma de enfrentar la HDB.