Percutaneous delivery of liquid tetracycline using a thermal resurfacing drug delivery system for the treatment of festoons.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of percutaneous tetracycline delivery to the malar area using a thermomechanical device (Tixel) in patients suffering from festoons. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients who underwent combination treatment with a thermomechanical device (Tixel) followed by application of topical tetracycline 1% at two private clinics between 2019 and 2023. Demographic and medical data, treatment parameters along with before and after treatment photographs were retrieved retrospectively. All patients were asked to answer a questionnaire, assessing self-reported pre and posttreatment disturbance, patient global impression of change (PGIC) score, overall satisfaction with treatment, and the onset and duration of treatment effect. Finally, three masked reviewers evaluated and graded the severity of before and after treatment photographs. RESULTS: Twenty healthy patients received the combination treatment. The mean age was 59.4 ± 8.2 years (range: 45-72 years), and 90.0% (n = 18) were female. The number of treatment sessions per patient ranged from 2 to 8, mean of 5.0 ± 1.9, performed at 5.4 ± 1.2-week intervals. The masked reviewers' grading scores demonstrated a significant improvement (2.81 ± 1.3 before vs. 1.6 ± 1.1 after, p < 0.001). The self-reported disturbance caused by the festoons improved significantly as well (4.7 ± 0.98 vs. 1.7 ± 1.1, p < 0.001). On the PGIC score, 85% (17/20) reported moderate (grade 5) to significant (grade 7) improvement of symptoms and life quality after treatment. Improvement onset was reported to occur 11.2 ± 6.6 days after the first treatment (range 2-30 days), and 90% (18/20) of the patients reported improvement lasting at least 4 months after completion of the second treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Topical tetracycline application following Tixel treatment induced significant improvement in patient with festoons.

A novel description of the supporting system of the orbicularis oculi muscle in the infraorbital area: Tear trough muscle fiber.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to elucidate the anatomical structures of supporting system of the infraorbital area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four hemifaces from eleven Korean and eleven Thai cadavers were used to dissect the infraorbital area. Based on the dissection and previous histologic results, they were analyzed. RESULTS: The orbicularis oculi muscle (OOc) had two portions (palpebral and orbital portion) and four subparts (pretarsal, preseptal, prezygomatic, and premaxillary part). The elliptical muscle fiber of OOc was supported by circumferential connective tissue including skin ligament, orbicularis retaining ligament, zygomatic ligament, and zygomatic cutaneous ligament. The vertical muscle fiber, the tear trough muscle fiber, and medial muscular band directly attached to the skin. CONCLUSION: Full of subcutaneous tissue in the tear trough groove, strong attachment to the bone by tear trough ligament and to the skin by tear trough muscle fiber would multiply result in the tear trough on the face.

The genome sequence of the Festoon, Apoda limacodes (Hufnagel, 1766).

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Apoda limacodes (the Festoon; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Limacodidae). The genome sequence is 800 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 25 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the assembled Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.4 kilobases in length.

Treatment of malar mound and festoon with fractional microneedle bipolar radiofrequency combined with 15% TCA peel.

BACKGROUND: Anatomy of the periorbital region is very complex. Malar oedema/mounds/festoons often remain unaddressed. There are various treatments proposed for this pathologic entity as well as non-standardized nomenclature. Implementation of technology in aesthetic medicine and surgery resulted in novel treatments for this entity. AIMS: The aim of this case presentation was to show the combination of fractional microneedle bipolar radiofrequency with medium depth 15%TCA peel as a great tool in treating malar bags with no complication and excellent result. PATIENTS/METHODS: We report a case of 44-year-old women with malar mound and festoon. The treatment consisted of rejuvenation of whole periorbital region- upper and lower blepharoplasty and novel treatment combination-fractional microneedle bipolar radiofrequency with medium depth 15%TCA peel in 2 sittings. RESULTS: After 6 weeks, excellent results can be observed with malar mound and festoon completely resolved. No complications were observed. CONCLUSION: Fractional microneedle bipolar radiofrequency with medium depth 15%TCA peel is a safe and effective treatment option for malar bags.

[Stripping: contribution to the control of iatrogenic periodontal effects]. / Réduction amélaire proximale : apport au contrôle des effets iatrogènes parodontaux.

The gum and the gingival festoon in particular are essential elements of the good periodontal health and the harmony of the smile. How does this engage orthodontics? Orthodontists are directly concerned by the vertical position of the collars which they must consider. More indirectly, they can have an influence on the gum festoon and in particular on the papillae. The analysis of the literature of the undesirable effects of orthodontics on the periodontium is provided but with limited conclusions which do not constitute scientific evidence. It remains very important to analyze them in order to draw a guide of clinical conduct. The vestibular version and the alveolar expansion present risks of gingival recession that must be taken into account. The presence of the papillae responds to precise anatomical conditions that have to be controlled to avoid disastrous black triangles when aligning the teeth. The shape of the teeth is directly involved in these phenomena. Stripping may be an appropriate therapeutic response to prevent or limit these iatrogenic effects. The approach is first of all diagnostic (identification of the shape of the teeth, analysis of the dento-dental disharmony (DDD), evaluation of the amount of stripping and its consequences on the DDD) and then prognostic in order to establish the treatment plan... The author will illustrate this approach by the teachings of the literature and by clinical illustrations of treated cases. The balance of a smile is based on the respect of shapes, anatomical proportions and the conditions necessary for healthy tissue. It is our role to respect them in the project of establishing harmony. The beauty of the smile reflects the patient's own personality: « Orthodontists are the technicians of the semaphore of the soul ¼, Axel Kahn, Journées de l'Orthodontie, 2007.

Hills and Valleys: Understanding the Under-Eye.

Soft tissue deflation and descent have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of facial aging. In the periorbital area, the upper orbital region is thought to change by descent of the eyebrow, as well as deflation of brow fat. While the understanding of the aging changes in the upper eyelid region are relatively simple, the lower eyelid poses a myriad of aging changes, each demanding a specific management plan. These can be best described in terms of elevations, or 'Hills' and hollows, or 'Valleys'. This article simplifies the understanding of the lower eyelid in the light of anatomical knowledge, and available literature. It forms a basis of easy diagnosis and treatment of the soft tissue changes in the lower eyelid and malar region.

Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty.

The goal of lower eyelid blepharoplasty is to rejuvenate the lower lid while maintaining a natural, unoperated appearance. Successful lower eyelid blepharoplasty depends on knowledge of the anatomy and surgical techniques, accurate preoperative analysis, and attention to detail. Common issues of the lower eyelid such as malar descent, tear trough deformity, pseudoherniated fat, lid laxity, and skin texture changes as well as dermatochalasis and festoons must be recognized. Specific techniques to address these include transcutaneous and transconjunctival approaches, fat excision, fat transposition, orbicularis suspension, lateral canthal tightening, malar suspension, and skin excision/resurfacing.

Tratamento da bolsa malar e festoons / Treatment of malar mounds and festoons

Introdução: A alteração da região do malar, em muitos casos, é de difícil solução. O envelhecimento traz grande variação de deformidade na região. Neste sentido o objetivo do trabalho foi apresentar que procedimentos cirúrgicos com simplicidade e pouca agressividade têm demonstrado um bom resultado e rápida recuperação. Método: Desenha-se uma figura em forma de canoa ou elíptica margeando a bolsa malar ou da dobra de pele. Em seguida realiza-se a incisão até o plano do subcutâneo. Retira-se a pele e logo após realiza-se a sutura. Resultado: Os pacientes operados pelo método direto evoluíram de maneira convincente e com cicatrizes muito pouco visíveis. Conclusão: é uma maneira direta e que traz resultado bastante favorável e rápida recuperação. A indicação esta relacionada ao bom senso do cirurgião, a idade do paciente e a flacidez existente.

Introduction: Changes to the malar region are, in many cases, difficult to resolve. The ageing process causes great variation and deformity of this region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe a simple and less aggressive surgical procedure that has demonstrated good results and quick recovery. Method: A canoe-shaped or elliptical-shaped line is drawn bordering the malar mound or the skin fold. The skin is incised down to the subcutaneous plane. The excess skin is removed and a suture is then performed immediately. Result: The patients undergoing this direct surgical method showed a favorable postoperative course, and the scars were not very visible. Conclusion: This direct procedure provides a favorable result and quick recovery. Indications depend on surgical judgment, age of the patient, and degree of skin flaccidity.