Analysis of the Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program Directors Postmatch 2023 Survey.

The 2023 United States infectious diseases (ID) fellowship match resulted in a large percentage of programs with unfilled positions. A survey was sent to ID program directors nationwide to better understand their perceptions on the match. Program directors perceived geography, a small applicant pool, and low specialty pay as contributing factors to the match results. Developing specialized fellowship tracks, increasing funding for the ID trainee pipeline, and national advocacy for higher compensation were identified as areas to focus on to increase the applicant pool. Areas of controversy, such as decreasing the number or size of fellowship programs, require further discussion.

Internal Medicine Residents' Confidence and Preferences in Hospital Medicine Competencies: A Multi-Site Study.

BACKGROUND: Hospital medicine (HM) is an important career option for internal medicine (IM) residency graduates. Limited data exist regarding preferences and educational gaps in HM competencies among IM residents. OBJECTIVE: To assess resident confidence and desire for additional instruction in HM competencies across a broad spectrum of residents. DESIGN: A multi-center survey-based assessment of IM resident confidence and desire for additional instruction in published HM competencies. PARTICIPANTS: PGY-1 through PGY-4 residents from eight US IM residency programs, including academic medical center (AMC) and community-based programs (CBPs). MAIN MEASURES: Resident confidence and desire for more teaching in HM competency domains including procedures, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), system-level competencies, clinical skills, patient-level competencies, palliative care, and care transitions. KEY RESULTS: We received survey responses from 272 of 594 (46%) residents. More than half of respondents envisioned a future HM position. Results demonstrated lower than expected confidence for all HM competencies surveyed. Confidence was lowest (30-36% confident) for procedures, POCUS, and system-level competencies, and highest (65-78%) in care transitions, patient-level competencies, and palliative care. Desire for more instruction was highest in the same competency domains rated with the lowest confidence. Junior residents (PGY-1 and PGY-2) reported significantly lower confidence levels than senior residents (PGY-3 and PGY-4) across all domains except patient-level competencies. Junior residents expressed a significantly higher desire than senior residents for more teaching in all domains. There were no significant differences in confidence or desire for more instruction between trainees who envision a future HM position versus those who do not. Residents from AMCs expressed significantly higher confidence than those from CBPs in POCUS, clinical skill, patient-level, palliative care, and care transitions, while residents from CBPs reported significantly higher confidence in procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Our data can inform targeted inpatient competencies and educational curricula for IM residents in the USA.

Development and Evaluation of a Direct Care Hospitalist Service Internal Medicine Sub-internship Rotation.

BACKGROUND: Direct Care Hospitalist Services (DCHS) can increase internal medicine (IM) sub-internship rotation availability while providing hospitalists additional teaching opportunities. AIM: Implement and evaluate a DCHS sub-internship. SETTING: Urban Academic Medical School. PARTICIPANTS: IM sub-interns, hospitalists. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: One to two sub-interns were paired with three hospitalists on 3 weeks of day service and five nights in an apprenticeship model. Sub-interns admitted and followed patients on days and cross-covered and admitted on nights. PROGRAM EVALUATION: DCHS sub-intern rotation satisfaction and skills preparedness were surveyed over 2 years. Sub-interns rotating on resident-covered service (RCS) were surveyed in year 2, and results compared to DCHS. Hospitalists were surveyed year 1 to rate satisfaction. Year 2 DCHS cross-cover paging data was tabulated to evaluate clinical content. DCHS and RCS sub-interns rated satisfaction and preparedness similarly. DCHS sub-interns rated time management (3.86 vs 4.33, p = 0.19) and calling consults (4.4 vs 4.8, p = 0.56) lower, but cross-cover higher (4.14 to 3.67, p = 0.34) than RCS. DCHS sub-interns averaged 39.4 (SD 4.1) nightly cross-cover pages with most related to acute symptoms (46%). Hospitalists were highly satisfied with their rotation experience. DISCUSSION: Sub-interns were highly satisfied with DCHS sub-internship. Future work will target gaps in preparedness for urgent patient care issues.

Twelve tips for supporting medical learners through high-stakes assessment challenges.

Learners across the medical education continuum will encounter numerous high-stakes exams and assessments. Effectively preparing for and performing well on these types of assessments can be challenging for learners for a wide variety of reasons. It is imperative that medical educators provide appropriate support for learners who experience challenges with high-stakes exams, particularly given the complexity of factors like life circumstances of individual learners and the significance of these assessments for career advancement/progression. Grouped into areas including educator mindset, information-gathering, and developing and executing a study plan, the following 12 tips will help medical educators be better prepared to meaningfully support learners in need of assessment remediation and guidance.

The Chief Residency in U.S. and Canadian Graduate Medical Education: A Scoping Review.

PHENOMENON: Despite the nearly universal presence of chief residents within U.S. and Canadian residency programs and their critical importance in graduate medical education, to our knowledge, a comprehensive synthesis of publications about chief residency does not exist. An understanding of the current state of the literature can be helpful to program leadership to make evidence-based improvements to the chief residency and for medical education researchers to recognize and fill gaps in the literature. APPROACH: We performed a scoping review of the literature about chief residency. We searched OVID Medline, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Web of Science databases through January 2023 for publications about chief residency. We included publications addressing chief residency in ACGME specialties in the U.S. and Canada and only those using the term "chief resident" to refer to additional responsibilities beyond the typical residency training. We excluded publications using chief residents as a convenience sample. We performed a topic analysis to identify common topics among studies. FINDINGS: We identified 2,064 publications. We performed title and abstract screening on 1,306 and full text review on 208, resulting in 146 included studies. Roughly half of the publications represented the specialties of Internal Medicine (n = 37, 25.3%) and Psychiatry (n = 30, 20.5%). Topic analysis revealed six major topics: (1) selection of chief residents (2) qualities of chief residents (3) training of chief residents (4) roles of chief residents (5) benefits/challenges of chief residency (6) outcomes after chief residency. INSIGHTS: After reviewing our topic analysis, we identified three key areas warranting increased attention with opportunity for future study: (1) addressing equity and bias in chief resident selection (2) establishment of structured expectations, mentorship, and training of chief residents and (3) increased attention to chief resident experience and career development, including potential downsides of the role.

The sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) medical trainee: the journey through medical education.

In this literature overview, we share with the reader challenges faced by LGBTQ + individuals pursuing medical education, from undergraduate to postgraduate training. The LGBTQ + acronym has evolved to encompass the diverse spectrum of sexual orientation and gender identities. Recently, the term "Sexual and Gender Minority" (SGM) has emerged as an umbrella term to provide consistency in research advancing SGM health. The unique obstacles LGBTQ + trainees encounter are highlighted throughout this article, including external factors influencing career decisions, a lack of LGBTQ + healthcare curricula, discriminatory social interactions, limited mentorship opportunities, and a higher mental health burden. These challenges have the capacity to affect educational experiences, personal well-being, and professional growth. Additionally, we examine the impact of inclusive institutional climates on LGBTQ + trainees' selection of medical schools and residency programs, as they may prioritize inclusiveness and diversity when making their choice. In postgraduate training, LGBTQ + trainees continue to face challenges, exemplified by disparities in placement rates and discriminatory experiences based on sexual orientation and gender identity. We describe the gap in current research and its long-term impact of these challenges on career paths. Hostile environments persist in certain specialties, and the lack of LGBTQ + mentorship and support can hinder academic pursuits. We shed light on the unique and pervasive challenges faced by LGBTQ + trainees throughout their medical education journey, while emphasizing the need for inclusive policies, support systems, and research to address these challenges. With increasing research and studies, we hope to create a medical workforce and community that better represents the diverse communities it serves.

Attitudes on data reuse among internal medicine residents.

Background: NYU Langone Health offers a collaborative research block for PGY3 Primary Care residents that employs a secondary data analysis methodology. As discussions of data reuse and secondary data analysis have grown in the data library literature, we sought to understand what attitudes internal medicine residents at a large urban academic medical center had around secondary data analysis. This case report describes a novel survey on resident attitudes around data sharing. Methods: We surveyed internal medicine residents in three tracks: Primary Care (PC), Categorical, and Clinician-Investigator (CI) tracks as part of a larger pilot study on implementation of a research block. All three tracks are in our institution's internal medicine program. In discussions with residency directors and the chief resident, the term "secondary data analysis" was chosen over "data reuse" due to this being more familiar to clinicians, but examples were given to define the concept. Results: We surveyed a population of 162 residents, and 67 residents responded, representing a 41.36% response rate. Strong majorities of residents exhibited positive views of secondary data analysis. Moreover, in our sample, those with exposure to secondary data analysis research opined that secondary data analysis takes less time and is less difficult to conduct compared to the other residents without curricular exposure to secondary analysis. Discussion: The survey reflects that residents believe secondary data analysis is worthwhile and this highlights opportunities for data librarians. As current residents matriculate into professional roles as clinicians, educators, and researchers, libraries have an opportunity to bolster support for data curation and education.

Parallel Application to U.S. Psychiatry Residency Programs: Trends in Frequency and Differences by Applicant Group, 2009-2021.

OBJECTIVE: The present study examines trends of percent of applicants, number of specialties, and specialty combinations for psychiatry residency applicants applying to multiple specialties (parallel application). METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of data captured by the Association of American Medical Colleges Electronic Residency Application System for applicants to psychiatry residency between 2009 and 2021. The percent parallel-applying, the mean number of specialties, mean application counts, and frequency of specialty combinations with psychiatry residency were determined. RESULTS: The dataset described 67,261 applicants. The percentage parallel-applying decreased from 73.7% in 2009 to 60.0% in 2021. International Medical Graduates and U.S. International Medical Graduate parallel-applied at the greatest rate in each year. Applicants who were parallel-applying submitted larger numbers of applications compared to those who were single-specialty applying. CONCLUSIONS: Parallel application to psychiatry residency appears to be a common practice, but has decreased in frequency. However, the mean numbers of applications submitted to each specialty in parallel application combination and among single-specialty applicants have increased. This practice appears to have a disproportionate impact on international and osteopathic applicants. Additional efforts are needed to develop evidence-based advising tools to reduce the number of residency applications submitted to psychiatry programs.

Vibrational characterization of cavitation in left ventricular assist device.

BACKGROUND: The left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is a mechanical circulatory support device for patients with severe heart failure. Microbubbles caused by cavitation in the LVAD can potentially lead to physiological and pump-related complications. The aim of this study is to characterize the vibrational patterns in the LVAD during cavitation. METHODS: The LVAD was integrated into an in vitro circuit and mounted with a high-frequency accelerometer. Accelerometry signals were acquired with different relative pump inlet pressures ranging from baseline (+20 mmHg) to -600 mmHg in order to induce cavitation. Microbubbles were monitored with dedicated sensors at the pump inlet and outlet to quantify the degree of cavitation. Acceleration signals were analyzed in the frequency domain to identify changes in the frequency patterns when cavitation occurred. RESULTS: Significant cavitation occurred at the low inlet pressure (-600 mmHg) and was detected in the frequency range between 1800 and 9000 Hz. Minor degrees of cavitation at higher inlet pressures (-300 to -500 mmHg) were detected in the frequency range between 500-700, 1600-1700 Hz, and around 12 000 Hz. The signal power of the dominating frequency ranges was statistically significantly different from baseline signals. CONCLUSION: Vibrational measurements in the LVAD can be used to detect cavitation. A significant degree of cavitation could be detected in a wide frequency range, while minor cavitation activity could only be detected in more narrow frequency ranges. Continuous vibrational LVAD monitoring can potentially be used to detect cavitation and minimize the damaging effect associated with cavitation.

Training Military Psychiatrists to Adapt and Overcome: How COVID-19 Highlighted the Unique Flexibility of Military Psychiatry in Training and in the Fleet.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Born out of necessity, military medicine continues to find itself at the forefront of medical innovation. This generation of military physicians has never previously been challenged with continuing to provide top notch medical support to servicemembers in a variety of operational settings in the midst of a global pandemic. While military medicine has always been able to uniquely meet the educational goals of residency training, COVID-19 brought new challenges to the forefront. RECENT FINDINGS: While the threat presented by COVID-19 was different from the historical battlefield threats and challenges that have given birth to military medicine, it was nevertheless ready to pivot and adjust course, focusing on how to best meet the medical needs of the military patient population in an ever-changing geopolitical environment while continuing to meet and exceed the educational standards that training programs are held to. Historically and currently, mental health remains one of the most common reasons that servicemembers are evacuated from combat zones. The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity for modern military psychiatry to showcase its ability to adjust the educational focus in certain areas of residency training to prepare the next generation of military psychiatrists to be able to face the newest threat to force wellness.

"We're all going through it": impact of an online group coaching program for medical trainees: a qualitative analysis.

BACKGROUND: Trainees in graduate medical education are affected by burnout at disproportionate rates. Trainees experience tremendous growth in clinical skills and reasoning, however little time is dedicated to metacognition to process their experiences or deliberate identity formation to create individualized definitions of success and wellbeing. The purpose of this study was to understand the perspectives and experiences of trainees who participated in a 6-month, web-based, group coaching program for women residents in training. METHODS: Better Together Physician Coaching is a six-month, self-paced, online, asynchronous, coaching program with multiple components including live coaching calls, unlimited written coaching, and self-study modules. Semi-structured interviews of seventeen participants of Better Together from twelve GME programs within a single institution in Colorado were conducted from May to June of 2021. All identified as women and had participated in a 6-month coaching program. Both inductive and deductive methods were used in collecting and analyzing the data with an aim to understand learners' perceptions of the coaching program, including "how and why" the coaching program affected training experiences and wellbeing. RESULTS: Three main themes emerged as benefits to the coaching program from the data: 1) practicing metacognition as a tool for healthy coping 2) building a sense of community, and 3) the value of a customizable experience. CONCLUSIONS: Female trainees who participated in a group coaching program expressed that they found value in learning how to cope with stressors through metacognition-focused coaching. They also described that building a community and being able to customize the experience were positive aspects of the program. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05280964 . Date of registration: March 15th 2022. Retrospectively registered. URL of trial registry record.

Dynamics of appearance and decay of gaseous microemboli during in vitro extracorporeal circulation.

INTRODUCTION: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) patients are at risk for complications caused by gaseous microemboli (GME). GMEs can cause hypoxia, inflammation, coagulation, and end-organ damage. The objective of this in vitro study was to assess dynamics of GME formation during circulation of whole blood or a glycerol blood surrogate. We hypothesized that there is no difference in GME counts and sizes between whole blood and the glycerol blood surrogate and that the membrane lung reduces GME counts over time. METHODS: A circulation platform was developed using the Cardiohelp ECLS system to run either donor blood or glycerol solution. We conducted 10 repetitions consisting of three phases of ultrasound GME detection using the EDAC™ Quantifier (Luna Innovations, Charlottesville, VA, USA) for each group. Phases were 3-minute recordings at the initiation of 2 L/min flow (Phase 1), post-injection of a GME suspension (Phase 2), and 10 minutes after injection (Phase 3). The number and size of GME pre- and post-ML were recorded separately and binned based on diameter ranges. RESULTS: In Phase 1, GME count in blood was higher than in glycerol. In Phase 2, there was a large increase in GME counts; however, most GME were reduced post-membrane in both groups. In Phase 3, there was a significant decrease in GME counts compared to Phase 2. GME > 100 µm in glycerol decreased post membrane. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated GME formation and decay dynamics during in vitro circulation in an ECLS system with blood and glycerol. GME counts were higher in blood, likely due to varying rheological properties. There were decreases in GME levels post membrane in both groups after GME injection, with the membrane lung effectively trapping the GME, and additional reduction 10 minutes after GME injection.

I'm No Superman: fostering physician resilience through guided group discussion of Scrubs.

BACKGROUND: Almost half of trainees experience burnout during their career. Despite the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) recommendation that training programs enact well-being curricula, there is no proven method of addressing this difficult topic. METHODS: We created a curriculum addressing physician resiliency and well-being, designed for an Internal Medicine Residency Program. This curriculum utilized episodes from a medical television series, Scrubs, to facilitate a monthly, 1-h faculty guided discussion group. We collected informal feedback and abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventories (aMBI) monthly and conducted a formal focus group after 6 months to gauge its effectiveness. RESULTS: The curriculum was successfully conducted for 12 months with each session averaging 18-20 residents. Residents reported high satisfaction, stating it was more enjoyable and helpful than traditional resiliency training. 19 of 24 residents (79 %) completed a baseline aMBI, and 17 of 20 residents (85 %) who attended the most recent session completed the 6-month follow-up, showing a non-significant 1-point improvement in all subsets of the aMBI. CONCLUSIONS: This novel, low-cost, easily implemented curriculum addressed resiliency and burn-out in an Internal Medicine Residency. It was extremely well received and can easily be expanded to other training programs or to providers outside of training.

Interns' perspectives on impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the medical school to residency transition.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in disruptions to medical school training and the transition to residency for new post-graduate year 1 resident-physicians (PGY1s). Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the perspectives of United States PGY1s regarding the impact of the pandemic on these experiences. Our secondary aims were to understand how desire to practice medicine was impacted by the pandemic and whether PGY1s felt that they were able to meaningfully contribute to the COVID-19 response as students. METHOD: We conducted a national, cross-sectional study of PGY1s who had recently graduated from medical school in 2020. A survey was distributed to PGY1s from across specialties, in programs distributed throughout the United States. It included questions about medical school training during the pandemic, impact on graduation timing and transition to internship, concerns about caring for patients with COVID-19, desire to practice medicine, and ability to meaningfully contribute to the pandemic. Findings are presented using descriptive statistics and univariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: 1980 PGY1s consented to participate, 1463 completed the survey (74%), and 713 met criteria for this analysis. 77% of PGY1s reported that the pandemic adversely affected their connection with their medical school communities, and 58% reported that the pandemic impeded their preparation for intern year. 4% of PGY1s reported graduating medical school and practicing as an intern earlier than their expected graduation date. While the majority of PGY1s did not have a change in desire to practice medicine, PGY1s with concerns regarding personal health or medical conditions (OR 4.92 [95% CI 3.20-7.55] p < 0.0001), the health or medical conditions of others in the home (OR 4.41 [2.87-6.77], p < 0.0001]), and PGY1s with children (OR 2.37 [1.23-4.58], p < 0.0001) were more likely to report a decreased desire. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID pandemic disrupted the social connectedness and educational experiences of a majority of PGY1 residents in a sample of trainees in United States training programs. Those with health concerns and children had particularly challenging experiences. As the current and subsequent classes of PGY1s affected by COVID-19 proceed in their training, ongoing attention should be focused on their training needs, competencies, and well-being.

Defining GME Librarianship: Creating and Developing a New Graduate Medical Education Library Program and Librarian Position.

An academic research institution and a corporate hospital system formed a new graduate medical education (GME) consortium. The consortium objectives were to increase the scholarly activity of the residents and fellows in a national hospital system's GME residency program to match the requirements set forth by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. A GME librarian position was created specifically to serve the GME research programs at Florida area hospitals to help with this objective. This paper describes the experience, activities, and lessons learned from the creation of an entirely new GME library program and librarian position for a nine-hospital region in Florida.

Reimagining Merit and Representation: Promoting Equity and Reducing Bias in GME Through Holistic Review.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the capacity of a holistic review process in comparison with non-holistic approaches to facilitate mission-driven recruitment in residency interview screening and selection, with particular attention to the promotion of race equity for applicants underrepresented in medicine (URM). METHODS: Five hundred forty-seven applicants to a psychiatry residency program from US allopathic medical schools were evaluated for interview selection via three distinct screening rubrics-one holistic approach (Holistic Review; HR) and two non-holistic processes: Traditional (TR) and Traditional Modified (TM). Each applicant was assigned a composite score corresponding to each rubric, and the top 100 applicants in each rubric were identified as selected for interview. Odds ratios (OR) of selection for interview according to URM status and secondary outcomes, including clinical performance and lived experience, were measured by analysis of group composition via univariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Relative to Traditional, Holistic Review significantly increased the odds of URM applicant selection for interview (TR-OR: 0.35 vs HR-OR: 0.84, p < 0.01). Assigning value to lived experience and de-emphasizing USMLE STEP1 scores contributed to the significant changes in odds ratio of interview selection for URM applicants. CONCLUSIONS: Traditional interview selection methods systematically exclude URM applicants from consideration without due attention to applicant strengths or potential contribution to clinical care. Conversely, holistic screening represents a structural intervention capable of critically examining measures of merit, reducing bias, and increasing URM representation in residency recruitment, screening, and selection.

Evaluation of treatment with a combination of mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone in dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology: a retrospective study of 86 cases (2009-2017).

BACKGROUND: Combination therapy with glucocorticoids and adjunctive immunomodulating drugs has been generally accepted as a standard treatment regimen for meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology (MUE). We hypothesized that treatment with MMF as an adjunctive agent along with glucocorticoids would be effective and well-tolerated protocol in dogs with MUE. Eighty-six dogs with MUE between May 2009 and June 2017 were included (59 females and 27 males; mean age of 5.93 years; mean body weight of 3.83 kg). The medical records of dogs with MUE treated with prednisolone and MMF were retrospectively evaluated to determine the therapeutic response, survival time, and treatment-related adverse effects. RESULTS: A partial or complete response (CR) was recorded for 75 dogs. The overall median survival time from the initiation of treatment was 558 days. Dogs that showed CR with no relapse over the treatment period (from diagnosis to death) had significantly longer median survival times. A significantly higher mortality hazard ratio of 4.546 was recorded in dogs that failed to achieve CR. The interval between the onset of clinical signs and the clinical presentation was not significantly associated with CR, relapse rate, and survival time. Adverse effects included gastrointestinal upsets in 26 dogs (30.23%), sporadic infections in 17 dogs (19.77%), and pancreatitis in seven dogs (8.14%). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that adjunctive MMF treatment for MUE is safe and comparable to other immunosuppressive protocols. The treatment should focus on the achievement of CR and preventing relapse for successful management.

Fellowship or Family? A Comparison of Residency Leave Policies With the Family and Medical Leave Act.

BACKGROUND: In 1993, the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) mandated 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave. The current impact of taking 12 weeks of leave during residency has not been evaluated. METHODS: We examined the 2018 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (n = 24) specialty leave policies to determine the impact of 6- and 12-week leave on residency training, board eligibility, and fellowship training. We compared our findings with a 2006 study. RESULTS: In 2018, five (21%) specialties had policy language regarding parental leave during residency, and four (16%) had language regarding medical leave. Median leave allowed was 4 weeks (IQR 4-6). Six specialties (25%) decreased the number of weeks allowed for leave from 2006 to 2018. In 2006, a 6-week leave would cause a 1-year delay in board eligibility in six specialties; in 2018, it would not cause delayed board eligibility in any specialty. In 2018, a 12-week (FMLA) leave would extend training by a median of 6 weeks (mean 4.1, range 0-8), would delay board eligibility by 6-12 months in three programs (mean 2.25, range 0-12), and would delay fellowship training by at least 1 year in 17 specialties (71%). The impact of a 12-week leave was similar between medical and surgical specialties. CONCLUSIONS: While leave policies have improved since 2006, most specialties allow for 6 weeks of leave, less than half of what is mandated by the FMLA. Moreover, a 12-week, FMLA-mandated leave would cause significant delays in board certification and entry into fellowship for most residency programs.

Starting Line for Scholarly Activity in New Residency Programs: Lessons Learned for Institutional Success.

BACKGROUND: One focal point of Graduate Medical Education (GME) is scholarly activity and its integration into clinical practice by evidence-based learning. Program directors and educational leaders view scholarly work as the foundation for continuing resident education; however, the high demand of scholarly activity can be cumbersome for newly accredited residency programs. METHODS: We reviewed all scholarly activity over a 2-y period (2015-2017) involving three new GME programs at a single institution (internal medicine, surgery, and transitional year). A voluntary anonymous online survey was distributed to all residents to assess their perceptions and expectations regarding research, review prior research experience, and analyze any barriers or successes within the research program. RESULTS: The survey was distributed to 61 residents with a response rate of 59% (36/61), including postgraduate years 1-5. Respondent demographics included males (55.6%), ages 26-30 y (63.9%), and respondents commonly being postgraduate year-1 (58.3%) level. In total, 171 scholarly activities were recorded. Survey review of resident basic research knowledge, concepts, and experience included preresidency research (91.7%), prior scholarly activity (79.2%), and interest to meet career goals (66.7%). Barriers or delays in research were lack of structured curriculum (50%), technical support (45.8%), research experience (37.5%), and interest (33%). CONCLUSIONS: Newly accredited GME training programs can avoid an unnecessary institutional deficiency in scholarly activity by developing a structured and comprehensive research curriculum. Resident engagement, developing a mentor-mentee relationship, and research experience before residency can allow a successful research program.