Paracraurococcus lichenis sp. nov., isolated from lichen in Thailand.

A novel bacterium, designated as strain LOR1-02T and isolated from a lichen sample collected from Kham Riang Subdistrict, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand, underwent thorough investigation utilizing a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain LOR1-02T demonstrated growth within a temperature range of 20-42 °C (optimal at 30 °C), pH range of 5.0-7.5 (optimal at pH 7.0), and tolerance to 4.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis revealed its close relation to Paracraurococcus ruber JCM 9931T, with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.16%, placing it within the genus Paracraurococcus. The approximate genome size of strain LOR1-02T was determined to be 8.6 Mb, with a G + C content of 70.9 mol%. Additionally, ANIb, ANIm, and AAI values between the whole genomes of strain LOR1-02T and type strains were calculated as 82.6-83.4%, 86.1-86.8%, and 81.4-82.2%, respectively, while the dDDH value was determined to be 26.3-28.5% (C.I. 24.0-31.0%). The predominant fatty acids detected were C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c, C16:0, and C18:12OH. The major ubiquinone identified was Q-10, and the polar lipids included phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, along with unidentified phosphoaminolipid, lipids, and an amino lipid. Based on comprehensive phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic characterization, it is concluded that strain LOR1-02T represents a novel species within the genus Paracraurococcus, for which the name Paracraurococcus lichenis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain designation is LOR1-02T (= JCM 33121T = NBRC 112776T = TISTR 2503T).

Stenotrophomonas riyadhensis sp. nov., isolated from a hospital floor swab.

During the analysis of a collection of Pseudomonas strains linked to an outbreak in an intensive care unit at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in 2019, one isolate (CFS3442T) was identified phenotypically as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, whole-genome sequencing revealed its true identity as a member of the genus Stenotrophomonas, distinct from both P. aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The isolate demonstrated: (i) a significant phylogenetic distance from P. aeruginosa; (ii) considerable genomic differences from several S. maltophilia reference strains and other Stenotrophomonas species; and (iii) unique phenotypic characteristics. Based on the combined geno- and phenotypic data, we propose that this isolate represents a novel species within the genus Stenotrophomonas, for which the name Stenotrophomonas riyadhensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CFS3442T (=NCTC 14921T=LMG 33162T).

Pangenome and genomic taxonomy analyses of Leuconostoc gelidum and Leuconostoc gasicomitatum.

BACKGROUND: Leuconostoc gelidum and Leuconostoc gasicomitatum have dual roles in foods. They may spoil cold-stored packaged foods but can also be beneficial in kimchi fermentation. The impact in food science as well as the limited number of publicly available genomes prompted us to create pangenomes and perform genomic taxonomy analyses starting from de novo sequencing of the genomes of 37 L. gelidum/L. gasicomitatum strains from our culture collection. Our aim was also to evaluate the recently proposed change in taxonomy as well as to study the genomes of strains with different lifestyles in foods. METHODS: We selected as diverse a set of strains as possible in terms of sources, previous genotyping results and geographical distribution, and included also 10 publicly available genomes in our analyses. We studied genomic taxonomy using pairwise average nucleotide identity (ANI) and calculation of digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) scores. Phylogeny analyses were done using the core gene set of 1141 single-copy genes and a set of housekeeping genes commonly used for lactic acid bacteria. In addition, the pangenome and core genome sizes as well as some properties, such as acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR), important due to the growth in foods, were analysed. RESULTS: Genome relatedness indices and phylogenetic analyses supported the recently suggested classification that restores the taxonomic position of L. gelidum subsp. gasicomitatum back to the species level as L. gasicomitatum. Genome properties, such as size and coding potential, revealed limited intraspecies variation and showed no attribution to the source of isolation. The distribution of the unique genes between species and subspecies was not associated with the previously documented lifestyle in foods. None of the strains carried any acquired AMR genes or genes associated with any known form of virulence. CONCLUSION: Genome-wide examination of strains confirms that the proposition to restore the taxonomic position of L. gasicomitatum is justified. It further confirms that the distribution and lifestyle of L. gelidum and L. gasicomitatum in foods have not been driven by the evolution of functional and phylogenetic diversification detectable at the genome level.

Vibrio fluminensis sp. nov. isolated from the skin of Southern Atlantic sharpnose-pufferfish (Canthigaster figueiredoi).

This manuscript provides the description of the bacterial strain A621T characterized by Gram negative motile rods, presenting green circular colonies on TCBS. It was obtained from the skin of the sharpnose pufferfish Canthigaster figueredoi (Tetraodontidae Family), collected in Arraial do Cabo, located in the Rio de Janeiro region, Brazil. Optimum growth occurs at 20-28 °C in the presence of 3% NaCl. The Genome sequence of the novel isolate consisted of 4.224 Mb, 4431 coding genes and G + C content of 44.5%. Genomic taxonomy analysis based on average amino acid (AAI), genome-to-genome-distance (GGDH) and phylogenetic reconstruction placed (A621T= CBAS 741T = CAIM 1945T = CCMR 150T) into a new species of the genus Vibrio (Vibrio fluminensis sp. nov). The genome of the novel species contains four gene clusters (~ 56.17 Kbp in total) coding for different types of bioactive compounds that hint to several possible ecological roles in the sharpnose pufferfish host.

Microcella aerolata sp. nov., isolated from electronic waste-associated bioaerosols.

A Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and short rod-shaped actinomycete strain, designated GA224T, was isolated from electronic waste-associated bioaerosols. The optimal growth conditions for this isolate, a facultatively anaerobic bacterium, were 37 °C and pH 8.0. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was B2γ, with 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) as the diamino acids, while the major menaquinone was MK-12. The polar lipid profile was composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified phospholipids, unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified lipid. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GA224T fell within the genus Microcella. The draft genome of strain GA224T comprised 2,495,189 bp with a G + C content of 72.2 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain GA224T and the type strain of the type species of Microcella species were lower than 95% and 70%, respectively. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic data, strain GA224T represents a novel species, for which the name Microcella aerolata sp. nov. is proposed, with GA224T as the type strain (= GDMCC 1.2165 T = JCM 34462 T).

Roseicella aerolata sp. nov., isolated from bioaerosols of electronic waste.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, spherical-shaped and facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated as GB24T was isolated from bioaerosols of an E-waste dismantling site in Guiyu, Guangdong Province, South PR China. Growth occurred at 15-40 °C (optimum 37 °C), pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum 7.0), and up to 0.5 % NaCl (w/v) under aerobic conditions, GB24T was characterized taxonomically and phylogenetically. The sole isoprenoid quinone detected was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10). The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, three unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified phospholipid, and one unidentified aminolipid. Carotenoid pigments were produced. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10 % of total fatty acids) were C17 : 1ω6c (51.5 %) and summed feature 8 (13.5 %, comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and draft genome grouped strain GB24T into the genus Roseicella. GB24T was most closely related to Roseicella frigidaeris DB1506T with 97.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The draft genome of GB24T comprised 6 153 170 bp with a DNA G+C content of 71.5 %. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH) values between GB24T and DB1506T were 83.2 % (Ortho ANI), 83.3 % [ANI by blast (ANIb)] and 27.0 %, respectively. Further genomic analysis of GB24T revealed the secondary metabolite clusters of terpene and phosphonate, which indicate the capacity for malleobactin (14 %) and phosphinothricin (6 %) tripeptide production. On the basis of the genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic results, GB24T represents a novel species, for which the name Roseicella aerolata sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Roseicella aerolata is GB24T (= GDMCC 1.2169T = JCM 34449T).

Oceaniglobus trochenteri sp. nov., isolated from the gut microflora of top shell (Trochus maculatus Linnaeus).

A Gram-stain negative, non-flagellated, beige-pigmented, circular, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive bacterium, designated G4T, was isolated from gut microflora of top shell (Trochus maculatus Linnaeus) collected from Diwanggong market, Weihai, People's Republic of China. The novel isolate was able to grow at 4-42 °C (optimum 25-33 °C), pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum 6.5-7.0) and with 0.0-11.0% NaCl (optimum 2.0-3.0%, w/v). Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain G4T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Oceaniglobus ichthyenteri YLY08T (96.6%), followed by Oceaniglobus indicus 1-19bT (95.3%). The genome of strain G4T, with 32 assembled contigs, was 4.5 Mb long with a G+C content of 65.3 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization values of the isolate against the closely related type strains were far below the 70% limit for species delineation. The average amino acid identity, average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA genome hybridization relatedness between strain G4T and the closely related members of the genus Oceaniglobus, Oceaniglobus indicus1-19bT and Oceaniglobus ichthyenteri YLY08T were 71.3, 76.4 and 20.0%, and 75.0, 76.3 and 19.4%. The major cellular fatty acid was summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c). The sole respiratory quinone was Q-10. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine. The results of phenotypical, phylogenetic and biochemical analyses indicated that strain G4T represents a novel species in genus Oceaniglobus within the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which the name Oceaniglobus trochenteri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is G4T (= MCCC 1K04356T = KCTC 82506T).

Vibrio tetraodonis sp. nov.: genomic insights on the secondary metabolites repertoire.

Description of a Gram-negative, motile, circular-shaped bacterial strain, designated A511T obtained from the skin of the pufferfish Sphoeroides spengleri (Family Tetraodontidae), collected in Arraial do Cabo, Brazil. Optimum growth occurs at 20-28 °C in the presence of 3% NaCl. The genome sequence of the novel isolate consisted of 4.36 Mb, 3,976 coding genes and G + C content of 42.5%. Genomic taxonomy analyses based on average amino acid (AAI), genome-to-genome-distance (GGDH) and phylogenetic reconstruction placed A511T (= CBAS 712T = CAIM 1939T) into a new species of the genus Vibrio (Vibrio tetraodonis sp. nov.). The genome of the novel species contains eight genes clusters (~ 183.9 Kbp in total) coding for different types of bioactive compounds that hint to several possible ecological roles in the pufferfish host.

Phocaeicola faecalis sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic bacterial strain adapted to the human gut ecosystem.

A novel strictly anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium, designated as strain FXJYN30E22T, was isolated from the feces of a healthy woman in Yining county, Xinjiang province, China. This strain was non-spore-forming, bile-resistant, non-motile and rod-shaped. It was found to belong to a single separate group in the Phocaeicola genus based on its 16 S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence. Alignments of 16 S rRNA gene sequences showed only a low sequence identity (≤ 95.5 %) between strain FXJYN30E22T and all other Phocaeicola strains in public data bases. The genome (43.0% GC) of strain FXJYN30E22T was sequenced, and used for phylogenetic analysis which showed that strain FXJYN30E22T was most closely related to the type strain Phocaeicola massiliensis JCM 13223T. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) value and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) between FXJYN30E22T and P. massiliensis JCM 13223T were 90.4 and 41.9 %, which were lower than the generally accepted species boundaries (94.0 and 70 %, respectively). The major cellular fatty acids and polar lipids were anteiso-branched C15:0 and phosphatidylethanolamine, respectively. The result of genome annotation and KEGG analysis showed that strain FXJYN30E22T contains a number of genes in polysaccharide and fatty acid synthesis that indicated adaptation to the human gut system. Furthermore, a pbpE (penicillin-binding protein) gene was found in the genome of strain FXJYN30E22T but in no other Phocaeicola species, which suggested this gene might be contribute to the adaptive capacity of strain FXJYN30E22T. Based on our data, strain FXJYN30E22T (= CGMCC1.17870T/KCTC25195T) was classified as a novel Phocaeicola species, and the name Phocaeicola faecalis sp. nov., was proposed.

Bacillus aerolatus sp. nov., a novel member of the genus Bacillus, isolated from bioaerosols in a school playground.

A Gram-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium with a single flagellum, and a motile strain, designated CX253, was isolated from bioaerosols. The isolate is facultatively anaerobic, is able to grow at 25-45 â„ƒ (optimum 37 â„ƒ) and pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum 7.5), and can tolerate up to 5.0% NaCl (w/v) under aerobic conditions. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall of strain CX253T is meso-diaminopimelic acid, while major isoprenoid quinone is menaquinone 6 (MK-6) along with a smaller amount of MK-7 (20%). The polar lipid profile is composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipids and glycolipids. The major cellular fatty acid is iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequence grouped strain CX253T into the genus Bacillus. The strain was most closely related to Bacillus thermotolerans CCTCC AB 2012108 T by comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequence (97.2% similarity) and to Bacillus wudalianchiensis CCTCC AB 2015266 T by comparison of gyrB gene sequence (80.1% similarity). The draft genome of strain CX253T comprised 3,929,195 bp with a G + C content of 43.3 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain CX253T and phylogenetically related Bacillus species were lower than 95% and 70%, respectively. Thus, the polyphasic evidence generated through phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic methods confirmed that strain CX253T (= GDMCC 1.1608 T = KACC 21318 T) was a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus aerolatus sp. nov. is proposed.

Unlocking the Genomic Taxonomy of the Prochlorococcus Collective.

Prochlorococcus is the most abundant photosynthetic prokaryote on our planet. The extensive ecological literature on the Prochlorococcus collective (PC) is based on the assumption that it comprises one single genus comprising the species Prochlorococcus marinus, containing itself a collective of ecotypes. Ecologists adopt the distributed genome hypothesis of an open pan-genome to explain the observed genomic diversity and evolution patterns of the ecotypes within PC. Novel genomic data for the PC prompted us to revisit this group, applying the current methods used in genomic taxonomy. As a result, we were able to distinguish the five genera: Prochlorococcus, Eurycolium, Prolificoccus, Thaumococcus, and Riococcus. The novel genera have distinct genomic and ecological attributes.

Genomic taxonomy of the Mediterranei clade of the genus Vibrio (Gammaproteobacteria).

The first genomic study of Mediterranei clade using five type strains (V. mediterranei, V. maritimus, V. variabilis, V. thalassae, and V. barjaei) and fourteen reference strains isolated from marine organisms, seawater, water and sediments of the sea was performed. These bacterial strains were characterised by means of a polyphasic approach comprising 16S rRNA gene, multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of 139 single-copy genes, the DNA G + C content, ANI, and in silico phenotypic characterisation. We found that the species of the Mediterranei clade formed two separate clusters based in 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, MLSA, OrthoANI, and Codon and Amino Acid usage. The Mediterranei clade species showed values between 76 and 95% for ANIb, 84 and 95% for ANIm. The core genome consisted of 2057 gene families and the pan-genome of 13,094 gene families. Based on the genomic analyses performed, the Mediterranei clade can be divided in two clusters, one with the strains of V. maritimus, V. variabilis and two potential new species, and the other cluster with the strains of V. mediterranei, V. thalassae, and V. barjaei.

Pseudomonas atacamensis sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of desert bloom plant in the region of Atacama, Chile.

The bacterial strain M7D1T was isolated from samples of the rhizosphere of desert bloom plants on the Atacama region located in northern Chile as part of a study intended to isolate nitrifying bacteria in this adverse environment. It was previously identified as belonging to the Pseudomonas fluorescens group. In this study, the phylogenetic analysis of the 16s RNA, gyrA, rpoB and rpoD genes confirmed that this strain belongs to this group, especially Sub Group (SG) Koreensis, but it represents a potential new species. Additionally, the average nucleotide identity confirmed this as the highest identity value (0.92) with Pseudomonas moraviensis LMG 24280, which is lower than the 0.94 threshold established to classify two strains within the same species. The strain M7D1T shared a similar fatty acids methyl ester profile than the type strains of other Pseudomonas spp. previously described. Furthermore, it can be differentiated phenotypically from other related species of SG P. koreensis. Based on these results, the existence of a new species of Pseudomonas is demonstrated, for which the name Pseudomonas atacamensis is proposed. This strain presented a set of genes associated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and it is a good candidate to be used for recovery of contaminated soils. However, more studies are required to demonstrate whether this bacterium is non-pathogenic, can survive in the presence of toxic compounds and promote growth or help to the stress management of plants.

Enterovibrio baiacu sp. nov.

We report here the novel species to encompass the isolate A649T (=CBAS 716T = CBRVS P1061T) obtained from viscera of the healthy pufferfish Sphoeroides spengleri (Family Tetraodontidae). Genomic taxonomy analysis demonstrates that the novel strain A649T had < 95% average amino acid identity/average nucleotide identity (AAI/ANI) and < 70% similarity of genome-to-genome distance (GGDH) towards its closest neighbors which places A649T into a new Enterovibrio species (Enterovibrio baiacu sp nov.). In silico phenotyping disclosed several features that may be used to differentiate related Enterovibrio species. The nearly complete genome assembly of strain A649T consisted of 5.4 Mbp and 4826 coding genes.

Description of Alteromonas abrolhosensis sp. nov., isolated from sea water of Abrolhos Bank, Brazil.

Two Gram-negative, motile, aerobic bacteria isolated from waters of the Abrolhos Bank were classified through a whole genome-based taxonomy. Strains PEL67ET and PEL68C shared 99% 16S rRNA and dnaK sequence identity with Alteromonas marina SW-47T and Alteromonas macleodii ATCC 27126T. In silico DNA-DNA Hybridization, i.e. genome-to-genome distance (GGD), average amino acid identity (AAI) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) showed that PEL67ET and PEL68C had identity values between 33-36, 86-88 and 83-84%, and 85-86 and 83%, respectively, towards their close neighbors A. macleodii ATCC 27126T and A. marina SW-47T. The DNA G + C contents of PEL67ET and PEL68C were 44.5%. The phenotypic features that differentiate PEL67ET and PEL68C strains from their close neighbors were assimilation of galactose and activity of phosphatase, and lack of mannitol, maltose, acetate, xylose and glycerol assimilation and lack of lipase, α and ß-glucosidase activity. The new species Alteromonas abrolhosensis is proposed. The type strain is PEL67ET (= CBAS 610T = CAIM 1925T).

Proposal of fifteen new species of Parasynechococcus based on genomic, physiological and ecological features.

Members of the recently proposed genus Parasynechococcus (Cyanobacteria) are extremely abundant throughout the global ocean and contribute significantly to global primary productivity. However, the taxonomy of these organisms remains poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to propose a new taxonomic framework for Parasynechococcus based on a genomic taxonomy approach that incorporates genomic, physiological and ecological data. Through in silico DNA-DNA hybridization, average amino acid identity, dinucleotide signatures and phylogenetic reconstruction, a total of 15 species of Parasynechococcus could be delineated. Each species was then described on the basis of their gene content, light and nutrient utilization strategies, geographical distribution patterns throughout the oceans and response to environmental parameters.

Thalassospira australica sp. nov. isolated from sea water.

Two Gram-negative, non-pigmented, motile bacteria were isolated from a sea water sample collected at St. Kilda Beach, Port Philip Bay, Victoria, Australia. The two strains were found to grow between 4 and 40 °C, pH 5-10 and tolerate up to 10 % NaCl. A phylogenetic study, based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strains NP 3b2(T) and H 94 belong to the genus Thalassospira. The sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene between the two new isolates is 99.8 % and between these strains and all validly named Thalassospira species was found to be in the range of 95-99.4 %. The DNA-DNA relatedness between the two strains was found to be 80.2 %, while relatedness with other validly named species of the genus Thalassospira was between 53 and 65 %. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and the in silico genome-to-genome distance (GGD) between the two bacteria and T. profundimaris WP0211(T), T. xiamenensis M-5(T), 'T. permensis' NBRC 106175(T) and T. lucentensis QMT2(T) was 76-82 % and 21-25 %, respectively. The results of phylogenetic and genomic analysis, together with physiological and biochemical properties, indicated that the two strains represent a new species of the genus Thalassospira. Based on these data, a new species, Thalassospira australica, is proposed with strain NP 3b2(T) (=KMM 6365(T) = JCM 31222(T)) as the type strain.

Description of Endozoicomonas arenosclerae sp. nov. using a genomic taxonomy approach.

The taxonomic position of strains Ab112(T) (CBAS 572(T)) and Ab227_MC (CBAS 573) was evaluated by means of genomic taxonomy. These isolates represent the dominant flora cultured from the healthy marine sponge Arenosclera brasiliensis, endemic to Rio de Janeiro. Strains CBAS 572(T) and CBAS 573 shared >98 % 16S rRNA sequence identity with Endozoicomonas numazuensis and Endozoicomonas montiporae. In silico DNA-DNA Hybridization, i.e. genome-to-genome distance (GGD), amino acid identity (AAI) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) further showed that these strains had <70 %, at maximum 71.1 and 78 % of identity, respectively, to their closest neighbours E. numazuensis and E. montiporae. The DNA G+C content of CBAS 572(T) and CBAS 573 were 47.6 and 47.7 mol%, respectively. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features also allowed a separation from the type strains of their phylogenetic neighbours. Useful phenotypic features for discriminating CBAS 572(T) and CBAS 573 from E. numazuensis and E. montiporae species include C8 esterase, N-acetyl-ß-glucosaminidase, citric acid, uridine and siderophore. The species Endozoicomonas arenosclerae sp. nov. is proposed to harbour the new isolates. The type strain is CBAS 572(T) (=Ab112(T)).

Description of Corynebacterium hiratae sp. nov. isolated from a human tissue bone a novel member of Corynebacterium Genus.

BACKGROUND: Corynebacterium spp. are widely disseminated in the environment, and they are part of the skin and mucosal microbiota of animals and humans. Reports of human infections by Corynebacterium spp. have increased considerably in recent years and the appearance of multidrug resistant isolates around the world has drawn attention. OBJECTIVES: To describe a new species of Corynebacterium from human tissue bone is described after being misidentified using available methods. METHODS: For taxonomic analyses, phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and rpoB genes, in silico DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide and amino acid identity, multilocus sequence analysis, and phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome were used. FINDINGS: Genomic taxonomic analyzes revealed values of in silico DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide and amino acids identity below the values necessary for species characterization between the analyzed isolates and the closest phylogenetic relative Corynebacterium aurimucosum DSM 44532T. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Genomic taxonomic analyzes indicate that the isolates analyzed comprise a new species of the Corynebacterium genus, which we propose to name Corynebacterium hiratae sp. nov. with isolate 332T (= CBAS 826T = CCBH 35,014T) as the type strain.

Characterization and Association of Rips Repertoire to Host Range of Novel Ralstonia solanacearum Strains by In Silico Approaches.

Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) cause several phytobacteriosis in many economically important crops around the globe, especially in the tropics. In Brazil, phylotypes I and II cause bacterial wilt (BW) and are indistinguishable by classical microbiological and phytopathological methods, while Moko disease is caused only by phylotype II strains. Type III effectors of RSSC (Rips) are key molecular actors regarding pathogenesis and are associated with specificity to some hosts. In this study, we sequenced and characterized 14 newly RSSC isolates from Brazil's Northern and Northeastern regions, including BW and Moko ecotypes. Virulence and resistance sequences were annotated, and the Rips repertoire was predicted. Confirming previous studies, RSSC pangenome is open as α≅0.77. Genomic information regarding these isolates matches those for R. solanacearum in NCBI. All of them fit in phylotype II with a similarity above 96%, with five isolates in phylotype IIB and nine in phylotype IIA. Almost all R. solanacearum genomes in NCBI are actually from other species in RSSC. Rips repertoire of Moko IIB was more homogeneous, except for isolate B4, which presented ten non-shared Rips. Rips repertoire of phylotype IIA was more diverse in both Moko and BW, with 43 common shared Rips among all 14 isolates. New BW isolates shared more Rips with Moko IIA and Moko IIB than with other public BW genome isolates from Brazil. Rips not shared with other isolates might contribute to individual virulence, but commonly shared Rips are good avirulence candidates. The high number of Rips shared by new Moko and BW isolates suggests they are actually Moko isolates infecting solanaceous hosts. Finally, infection assays and Rips expression on different hosts are needed to better elucidate the association between Rips repertoire and host specificities.