Mother-infant bonding: The role of postpartum depression, violence, and bonding established with one's own mother during childhood.

Mother-infant bonding is influenced by several risk and protective factors, and the literature has investigated the relationships between these factors independently. This study aimed to verify the interrelationships of some of these factors and how they influence mother-infant bonding in Brazil. In this study, 361 mothers participated, and the outcome variable of mother-infant bonding was assessed using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). Multivariate regression analysis was performed using a hierarchical model with three blocks structured according to the influence exerted on mother-infant bonding. The PBQ's factor scores were estimated and used in the subsequent analyses to decrease measurement error. The variable "violence experienced by mothers" was statistically significant for explaining the second block model but not significant for the third block. Network analysis was performed after multiple regression, showing that the violence experienced by mothers does not directly influence mother-infant bonding but rather is mediated by postpartum depression. This explains why violence is not significant in the hierarchical multiple regression when maternal depression is added to the model. This study's strengths lie in its utilization of PBQ factor scores and network analysis, enabling the estimation of conditional relationships among variables. This approach provides deeper insights into factors affecting mother-infant bonding.

Varios factores de riesgo y de protección ejercen influencia sobre la unión afectiva madre­infante; la literatura disponible ha investigado las relaciones entre estos factores de una manera independiente. Este estudio se propuso verificar las interrelaciones de algunos de estos factores y cómo ellos influyen en la unión afectiva madre­infante. Se consultó un total de 361 madres y el variable resultado de afectividad madre­infante se evaluó por medio del Cuestionario de Afectividad de Postparto (PBQ). Se llevaron a cabo análisis de regresión multivariados usando un modelo jerárquico con tres estructuras de bloques de acuerdo con la influencia ejercida sobre la unión afectiva madre­infante. Se estimaron y usaron los puntajes de factores del PBQ en los análisis subsecuentes para disminuir el error en la medida. La variable "violencia experimentada por las madres" fue estadísticamente significativa para explicar el segundo modelo de bloque, pero no significativa para el tercer bloque. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de interrelaciones después de la regresión múltiple, demostrando que la violencia experimentada por las madres no influye directamente la afectividad madre­infante, sino que la misma es mediada por la depresión posterior al parto. Esto explica por qué la violencia no es significativa en la jerárquica regresión múltiple cuando la depresión materna se le agrega al modelo. Entre los puntos fuertes de este estudio se incluye el uso de los puntajes de factores del PBQ y el análisis de interrelaciones, lo cual permitió que se estimaran las relaciones condicionales existente dentro del grupo de variables, aportando una mayor comprensión de algunos factores que interfieren en la unión afectiva madre­infante.

[Sexualized Violence Toward Children and Adolescents: The Visibility and Implementation of Safeguarding Concepts in Sports, Music, and Church]. / Sexualisierte Gewalt an Kindern und Jugendlichen: Sichtbarkeit und Umsetzung von institutionellen Schutzkonzepten in den Bereichen Sport, Musik und Kirche.

Sexualized Violence Toward Children and Adolescents: The Visibility and Implementation of Safeguarding Concepts in Sports, Music, and Church Abstract: Objective: In 2010, the disclosure of sexualized violence in educational organizations led to a public debate and calls for safeguarding concepts against sexualized violence toward children and adolescents. However, there have been few efforts to systematically record the visibility, availability, and implementation of such concepts. We used a broad Google search and a telephone survey as an initial approach to close this research gap. Method: In a systematic Google search and a telephone survey (N = 50), we identified and examined safeguarding concepts against sexualized violence toward children and adolescents in the context of religious organizations, sports, and musical education regarding its visibility, availability, and implementation level. Results: The results of our systematic internet research show a low hit rate of identified safeguarding concepts in all contexts. The low number of search hits indicates that the issue of sexualized violence toward children and adolescents has been inadequately addressed in many institutions, and that protective measures have been neglected. The supplementary results of the telephone survey suggest a low implementation level within organizations and a low availability of existing safeguarding concepts.

[Diagnostic Options for Suspected Cases of Emotional Maltreatment - Presentation of the Interdisciplinary Perspective of a Child Protection Outpatient Clinic]. / Möglichkeiten der Diagnostik bei Verdachtsfällen von Emotionaler Gewalt ­ Darstellung der interdisziplinären Perspektive einer Kinderschutzambulanz.

Compared to sexual and physical violence, cases of emotional abuse are often more difficult to detect. An increasingly advocated approach involves regular assessments within social and healthcare structures tto proactively identify affected children and adolescents at an early stage. This enables the prompt initiation of appropriate interventions. Following, interdisciplinary institutions such as a child protection outpatient clinic can play an important role for professionals in the clarification of suspected child endangerment.This article aims to show possible courses of action for the early detection of emotional abuse based on a child protection outpatient clinic. In addition to the description of the interdisciplinary diagnostic procedure a selection of psychometric questionnaires and interviews is presented, which inquire about emotional abuse. When looking at the total number of 1,388 cases seen at the child protection outpatient clinic, it is noticeable that only 117 cases (8.4 %) were assigned with a suspicion of emotional abuse.This contrasts with 477 cases (34.3 %) in which confirmed indications for emotional abuse were found after the clarification process. An intersection of emotional abuse with other forms of child maltreatment was given in 341 cases (71.4 %). Psychometric questionnaires and interviews can facilitate a regular recording in health and social service institutions. Emotional abuse often goes unnoticed despite its frequency. Itsmanifestations are diverse and significantly overlap with other forms of maltreatment, necessitating a nuanced evaluation process. Specific diagnostic tools and interdisciplinary collaboration can contribute to better recognition of emotional abuse.

Originalarbeiten / Original Articles. Prävention sexualisierter Gewalt an Kindern und Jugendlichen: Präventionsmaßnahmen und Schutzkonzepte in den Bereichen Sport, Musik und Kirche.

Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse: Prevention Programs and Safeguarding Concepts in the Context of Sports, Musical Education, and Religious Organizations Prevalence rates of child sexual abuse by caregivers in private and non-public institutions underscore the need for implementing safeguarding concepts. However, factors driving the implementation of prevention and safeguarding in the field are not well understood. What supportive and inhibiting factors can be identified in the implementation of safeguarding concepts and prevention programs? Content analysis of semi-structured interviews with professional and volunteer staff in clubs and institutions (n = 10, 69 % female) as well as with individuals who experienced child sexual abuse during their childhood (n = 3, 66 % female). Safeguarding concepts in clubs or religious institutions were primarily initiated by umbrella organizations. Current incidents of child maltreatment, public pressure, and media attention substantially increased the need for preventive actions. The provision of training, resources, and networking structures by umbrella organizations further facilitated their implementation. Main implementation challenges included limited personnel and time resources, lack of expertise, insufficient training opportunities, and absence of guidelines and support from umbrella organizations. Due to club leaders' limited knowledge and resources an independent implementation of safeguarding concepts is largely lacking without concrete guidelines and support from umbrella organizations. To upscale safeguarding, public policies or incentive systems such as state-funded child protection certifications are thus paramount.

Child-to-Parent Violence ­ Der Blinde Fleck in der Forschung zur familiären Gewalt? Ein Systematic Review / Child-to-Parent Violence ­The Blind Spot in Research on Family Violence? A Systematic Review.

Child-to-Parent Violence -The Blind Spot in Research on Family Violence? A Systematic Review Child-to-parent violence (CPV) is a phenomenon that has received little attention in the German scientific community. With this paper, the authors present the international state of research in the context of a systematic review. By means of a search a dataset of 317 scientific publications for the period 2012-2022 was identified at August 2022. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 studies were finally defined and analyzed in detail. Based on the analysis, the following variables are highlighted as outcomes: Forms of CPV, prevalence, age and gender of individuals performing CPV, risk and protective factors, the direction of CPV within family constellations as well as external conditioning factors of CPV.The results show that there are some concrete findings in research regarding these variables, particularly in the area of risk and protective factors. An initial systematization of violent behaviour in the context of CPV can also be derived fromthe current state of research. At the same time, however, there are still clear gaps in research, e. g. in terms of prevalence, which is mainly due to very different definitions of "violence". This applies both with regard to the international state of research, but especially with regard to the situation in German-speaking countries.

Self-reported reflective functioning and father-child interactions in a sample of fathers who have used intimate partner violence.

Reflective functioning (RF) has been found to be associated with mother-child interactions, but less is known about the association of fathers' self and child-focused RF and father-child relationships.  Fathers who have histories of intimate partner violence (IPV) are known to have poor RF, which may impact their father-child interactions.  The current study was designed to examine how types of RF are associated with father-child relationships.  Pretreatment assessments and recorded, coded father-child play interactions were used to examine associations among fathers' history of adverse childhood experiences (ACES), RF and coded father-child play interactions in a sample of 47 fathers with a history of IPV use in the last 6 months with their coparent.  Fathers' ACES and their child's mental states (CM) were associated with father-child dyadic play interactions.  Fathers with greater ACES and higher scores on CM had the most dyadic tension and constriction during play interactions.  Those with high ACES but low CM had scores similar to those with low ACES and low CM.  These results indicate that fathers who have used IPV and have a history of significant adversity may benefit from interventions to increase their child-focused RF and further improve their interactions with their children.

Se ha determinado que el Funcionamiento con Reflexión (RF) está asociado con las interacciones madre-niño, pero menos se conoce acerca de la asociación del propio RF de los papás y enfocado en el niño con las relaciones papá-niño. A los papás que cuentan con un historial de violencia con la pareja íntima (IPV) se les conoce por tener un débil RF, lo cual puede impactar sus interacciones papá-niño. El presente estudio se diseñó para examinar cómo los tipos de RF se asocian con las relaciones papá-niño. Las evaluaciones anteriores al tratamiento y el juego papá niño grabado y codificado se usaron para examinar las asociaciones entre el historial de los papás sobre experiencias adversas de niñez (ACES), RF y las codificadas interacciones papá-niño en un grupo muestra de 47 papás con un historial de uso de IPV en los últimos 6 meses con sus co-progenitores. Las ACES de los papás y ciertamente de los estados mentales de sus niños (CM) se asociaron con las interacciones de juego diádicas papá-niño. Los papás con mayor cantidad de ACES y más altos puntajes en CM presentaron la tensión y constricción más diádica durante las interacciones de juego. Aquellos con alto número de ACES, pero un bajo CM presentaron puntajes similares a aquellos con bajo número de ACES y un bajo CM. Estos resultados indican que los papás que han usado IPV y que tienen un historial de adversidad significativo pudieran beneficiarse de intervenciones para incrementar su RF con enfoque en el niño a fin de mejorar sus interacciones con sus niños.

Il est établi que le fonctionnement de réflexion (en anglais Reflective functioning, ici abrégé selon le français FR) est lié aux interactions mère-enfant mais on sait peu de choses sur le lien entre le FR sur soi et l'enfant des pères et les relations père-enfant. On sait que les pères ayant un passé de violence entre partenaires intimes (ici VPI) ont un FR diminué qui peut impacter leurs interactions père-enfant. Cette étude a été conçue afin d'examiner la manière dont les types de FR sont liés aux relations père-enfant. Des évaluations pré-traitement et des jeux père-enfant enregistrés et codés ont été utilisés afin d'examiner les liens entre l'histoire d'expériences négatives durant l'enfance (ACE) des pères, le FR et les interactions de jeu père-enfant codées chez un échantillon de 47 pères ayant un passé de VPI dans les six derniers mois avec leur coparent. Les ACE des pères et certainement des états mentaux de leur enfant (CM en anglais) ont été liés aux interactions de jeu dyadique père-enfant. Les pères avec plus de ACE et des scores CM plus élevés avaient le plus de tension dyadique et de constriction durant les interactions de jeu. Ceux avec des ACE élevés mais des CM bas avaient des scores similaires à ceux avec des ACE faibles et des CM faibles. Ces résultats indiquent que les pères ayant fait preuve de VPI qui ont un passé d'adversité importante peuvent bénéficier d'interventions pour accroître leur FR focalisé sur l'enfant afin d'améliorer leurs interactions avec leurs enfants.

[Experiences of Violence During Inpatient Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Treatment: An Explorative Study with Implications for Child Protection]. / Gewalterfahrungen während stationärer kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischer Behandlung ­ explorative Studie und Implikationen für den Kinderschutz.

Experiences of Violence During Inpatient Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Treatment: An Explorative Study with Implications for Child Protection Abstract. Objective: Educational and medical institutions care for children and adolescents by providing supervision, schooling, education, therapy, and protection. Nevertheless, children in institutional care are exposed to potential danger through maltreatment and abuse. Method: As part of the establishment of the protection concept at the University Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Würzburg, a retrospective patient survey was conducted. The study population consisted of former inpatient clients from 2006 and 2007, who at the time of the catamnesis were of legal age. The survey was conducted by mail. In addition to items on their experiences of violence, the questionnaire included established scales to assess treatment satisfaction and quality of life (FBB-K, WHO-BREF). Results: Of 568 former patients, 87 (15.3 %) provided valid responses (59 female, mean age at the time of the survey: 24.5 years): 35 former patients (40.2 % of the participants) reported experiences of violence during their inpatient treatment (26 victims only, 7 experiences as victims and perpetrators, and 2 perpetrators only). Experiences as victims mainly included emotional violence (34.5 %), but also physical (5.7 %) and sexual violence (10.3 %). Conclusion: We found a significant correlation between experiences of violence, on the one hand, and retrospective treatment satisfaction and current quality of life, on the other hand. The results of the survey underline the importance of establishing protection concepts in clinics and other institutions.

Adverse childhood experiences and maternal self-efficacy: Examining the mediating role of intimate partner violence and the moderating role of caste membership in rural India.

Maternal self-efficacy (MSE) is associated with healthy functioning in mothers and children globally. Maternal exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and intimate partner violence (IPV) is known to negatively impact MSE in high-income countries; however, the association has not been examined in low-and-middle-income countries, such as India, which face socioeconomic risks including poverty, illiteracy, and discrimination based on caste membership. The present study examines the mediating role of IPV in the association between ACEs (specifically-emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, neglect, household dysfunction, and discrimination) and MSE and tests caste membership as a moderator. A community-based, cross-sectional survey was performed with 316 mothers with at least one child between 0 and 24 months in a rural area in the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. A structural equation framework was used to test the moderated-mediation model. Results from the moderated-mediation model indicate that greater ACEs exposure was associated with lower MSE and this association was mediated by IPV exposure for low-caste but not high-caste mothers, even after controlling for wealth and literacy. These findings add to existing evidence on ACEs exposure as a significant burden for rural Indian mothers, negatively impacting parenting outcomes such as MSE. The critical role of caste membership is also highlighted, providing implications for future research.

La autoeficacia materna (MSE) se asocia con el saludable funcionamiento en las madres y niños globalmente. Se conoce que el hecho de que la madre haya estado expuesta a experiencias adversas en la niñez (ACE) y a la violencia de la pareja íntima (IPV) tiene un negativo impacto en MSE en países de altas entradas económicas; sin embargo, esta asociación no se ha examinado en países donde las entradas económicas son bajas o medias, como India, que enfrenta riesgos socioeconómicos entre los que se incluyen la pobreza, el analfabetismo, así como la discriminación basada en la pertenencia a una casta. El presente estudio examina el papel mediador de IPV en la asociación entre ACE (específicamente - el abuso emocional, físico y sexual, negligencia, disfuncionalidad en el hogar y discriminación) y MSE, y pone a prueba la pertenencia a una casta como aspecto moderador. Se llevó a cabo una encuesta de base comunitaria e inter-seccional con 316 madres con por lo menos un niño entre 0 y 24 meses de edad en un área rural en el estado de Uttar Pradesh en el norte de India. Se usó un marco de trabajo de ecuación estructural para examinar el modelo de moderación y mediación. Los resultados del modelo de moderación y mediación indican que una mayor exposición a ACE estaba asociada con una más baja MSE y que la exposición a IPV mediaba esa asociación para madres de castas bajas, pero no para madres de castas altas, aun después del factor control de recursos económicos y alfabetismo. Estos resultados contribuyen a la existente evidencia de que el haber estado expuesta a ACE es una carga significativa para las madres en la India rural, la cual tiene un impacto negativo en los resultados de crianza tales como MSE. También se subraya el papel esencial de la pertenencia a una casta, lo cual aporta implicaciones para la investigación futura.

L'auto-efficacité maternelle (MSE en anglais) est globalement liée à un fonctionnement sain chez les mères et les enfants. L'exposition maternelle à des expériences de l'enfance adverses (ACE en anglais) et à la violence intime ou conjugale (IPV) est connue comme impactant de manière négative l'auto-efficacité maternelle dans les pays à revenus élevés. Cependant ce lien n'a pas toujours été examiné dans les pays à faibles ou moyens revenus, tels que l'Inde qui fait face à des risques socioéconomiques qui comportent la pauvreté, l'illettrisme, la discrimination en fonction de l'appartenance à une caste. Cette étude examine le rôle médiateur de la violence conjugale (ou violence entre partenaires intimes) dans le lien entre les ACE (plus spécifiquement l'abus émotionnel, physiques, sexuel, la négligence, la dysfonction au sein du foyer et la discrimination) et l'auto-efficacité maternelle et les tests d'appartenance à une caste en tant que modérateurs. Un questionnaire communautaire, en coupe transversale, a été présenté à 116 mères ayant au moins un enfant entre l'âge de 0-24 mois dans une région rurale de l'état du nord de l'Inde, Uttar Pradesh. Un cadre d'équation structurelle a été utilisé pour tester le modèle de modération-médiation. Les résultats de ce modèle de modération-médiation indiquent que plus l'exposition aux ACE est grande, plus l'auto-efficacité maternelle est basse et cette association est affectée par l'exposition à la violence conjugale pour les castes moins élevées mais pas pour les mères des castes plus élevées, même en effectuant un contrôle pour la richesse et l'alphabétisation. Ces résultats s'ajoutent aux preuves existantes sur l'exposition aux ACE en tant que poids important pour les mères indienne de milieux ruraux, ce qui impacte de manière négative les résultats de parentage telles que l'auto-efficacité maternelle. Le rôle critique de l'appartenance à une caste est également mis en lumière, offrant des implications pour les recherches à venir.

Evaluating child maltreatment and family violence risk during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Using a telehealth home visiting program as a conduit to families.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many child maltreatment risk factors and may have affected maltreatment among vulnerable families. We surveyed 258 certified providers of an evidence-based home visiting program, SafeCare, about their perception of the impact of the pandemic on the families they serve. We examined if the providers perceived an overall change in child maltreatment and family violence risk among the families with young children they served and factors that may have contributed to changes. Regressions estimated the relationship between providers' assessment of families' ability to social distance, emotional struggles, and access to public resources/services with providers' perception of child maltreatment and family violence risk in the home. Findings indicate that 87% of providers believed maltreatment risk had increased during the pandemic. Providers serving families who were unable to social distance due to employment were more likely to report increased supervisory neglect and material neglect among the families they serve. Providers reporting that families were struggling with elevated frustration levels also reported more family conflict and material neglect among the families they serve. Results from this research can inform strategic decision-making for policies and programs that address the challenges low-income families with young children face in emergency situations.

La pandemia del COVID-19 ha afectado muchos factores de riesgo de maltrato del niño y pudiera haber afectado el maltrato en familias vulnerables. Les preguntamos en una encuesta a 258 proveedores certificados de un programa de visitas a casa con base en la evidencia, SafeCare®, acerca de sus percepciones del impacto de la pandemia en las familias a quienes les ofrecían el servicio. Examinamos si los proveedores percibían un cambio general en el maltrato del niño y el riesgo de violencia familiar en familias con niños pequeños a las que les servían y los factores que pudieran haber contribuido a los cambios. Las regresiones calcularon la relación entre la evaluación de los proveedores acerca de la habilidad de la familia para mantener la distancia social física, los problemas emocionales, así como el acceso a recursos y servicios públicos, con la percepción de los proveedores acerca del maltrato infantil y el riesgo de violencia familiar en la casa. Los resultados indican que el 87 por ciento de los proveedores creía que el riesgo de maltrato había aumentado durante la pandemia. Aquellos proveedores que les servían a familias que no podían mantener la distancia social física debido al empleo, estuvieron más propensas a reportar el aumento en la negligencia de supervisión y la negación de material en las familias a quienes les servían. Los proveedores que reportaron que las familias estaban luchando con elevados niveles de frustración también reportaron más conflicto familiar y negación de material en las familias a las que les servían. Los resultados de esta investigación pueden apoyar la toma de decisiones estratégica para políticas y programas que se enfoquen en los retos que enfrentan las familias de bajos recursos con niños pequeños en situaciones de emergencia.

La pandémie du COVID-19 a affecté bien des facteurs de risque de la maltraitance de l'enfant et peut avoir affecté la maltraitance chez les familles vulnérables. Nous avons questionné 258 prestataires certifiés d'un programme de visite à domicile fondé sur des données probantes, SafeCare®, sur leur perception de l'impact de la pandémie sur les familles qu'ils servent. Nous avons examiné si les prestataires ont perçu un changement général de la maltraitance de l'enfant et dans le risque de violence familiale au sein des familles avec les jeunes enfants qu'ils servaient et les facteurs qui ont pu contribuer à ces changements. Des régressions ont estimé la relation entre l'évaluation qu'ont fait les prestataires de la capacité des familles à assurer la distanciation sociale, des difficutés émotionnelles et de l'accès aux resources/services publiques avec la perception des prestataires de la maltraitance de l'enfant et du risque de violence familiale à la maison. Les résultats indiquent que 87 pourcent des prestataires pensaient que le risque de maltraitance avait augmenté durant la pandémie. Les prestataires servant les familles qui ne pouvaient pas assurer la distanciation sociale à cause de leur emploi étaient plus à même de faire état d'une négligence acrue de la supervision et de négligence matérielle chez les familles qu'ils servent. Les prestataires indiquant que les familles faisaient face à des difficultés avec des niveaux de frustration élevés ont aussi fait état de plus de conflit familial et de néglicence matérielle chez les familles qu'ils servent. Les résultats de ces recherches peuvent aider les prises de décision stratégiques pour les politiques et les programmes qui répondent aux défis des familles défavorisées avec de jeunes enfants dans des situations d'urgence.

[Fathers in Early Parenting Programs. Impulses from the European and International Fatherhood Research]. / Väter in den Frühen Hilfen. Anregungen aus der europäischen und internationalen Väterforschung.

Prevention and intervention programs (early parenting programs) which are provided by regional multi-professional networks for families with infants are still addressed to mothers, primarily. The question is whether the European and international fatherhood research can supply valuable suggestions for a better involvement of fathers. We discuss determinants of lived fatherhoods that range from educated fathers of national middle class over fathers with migrant backgrounds up to educationally and economically disadvantaged fathers. We elucidate barriers which stand in the way of father involvement in the current parenting programs, and exemplary describe how the resistance could be successfully overcome.

Breaking the cycle of intergenerational abuse: A qualitative interview study of men participating in a perinatal program to reduce violence.

Domestic violence and abuse in the perinatal period leads to long-term adverse outcomes for infants, including a greater risk of becoming victims or perpetrators of violence in adulthood. Examining men's beliefs about fatherhood and violence, and their motivations for engaging in programs to reduce violence, is essential to understand how interventions can impact on behavior and break intergenerational cycles of abuse. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of becoming a father in a sample of men who are taking part in a whole-family perinatal program to reduce violence-For Baby's Sake. Ten men who had engaged with For Baby's Sake were interviewed about their experiences and beliefs around fatherhood. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: making sense of violent behavior, conceptions of fatherhood, an emotional transition, and breaking the cycle. The data provide a unique insight into men's beliefs and behaviors at this transition point in their lives. This can aid the development of interventions aimed at breaking the cycle of abuse, indicating ways to harness the motivation for a new start and support men to overcome unhelpful behavior patterns.

La violencia y el abuso domésticos en el período perinatal conduce a resultados adversos a largo plazo para los infantes, incluyendo un alto riesgo de convertirse en víctimas o maltratadores violentos en su edad adulta. Examinar las creencias de los hombres acerca de la paternidad y la violencia, y sus motivaciones para participar en programas para reducir la violencia, es esencial para comprender cómo las intervenciones pueden tener un impacto en la conducta y romper los ciclos intergeneracionales de abuso. El propósito de este estudio fue explorar la experiencia de convertirse en papá en un grupo muestra de hombres que están participando en un programa perinatal para toda la familia para reducir la violencia - [ENMASCARDO]. Diez hombres que se han involucrado con [ENMSACARADO] fueron entrevistados acerca de sus experiencias y creencias en cuanto a la paternidad. Se grabaron en audio las entrevistas, las cuales fueron transcritas palabra por palabra, y analizadas usando un análisis temático. Se identificaron cuatro temas: dándole sentido a la conducta violenta; concepciones de la paternidad; una transición emocional; y el rompimiento del ciclo. Los datos proveen una perspectiva única en cuanto a las creencias y conductas de los hombres en este punto de transición en sus vidas. Esto puede ayudar al desarrollo de intervenciones con el propósito de romper el ciclo de abuso, lo que indica maneras de aprovechar la motivación para un nuevo comienzo y apoyar a los hombres a superar patrones de conducta no beneficiosos.

La violence et la maltraitance conjugales durant la période périnatale mène à des résultats adverses à long terme pour les nourrissons, y compris un risque plus grand de devenir des victimes ou des auteurs de violences à l'âge adulte. Le fait d'examiner les croyances des hommes pour ce qui concerne la paternité et la violence, ainsi que leurs motivations quand il s'agit de s'engager dans des programmes afin de réduire la violence, est essentiel pour comprendre comment les interventions peuvent avoir un impact sur le comportement et briser les cycles intergénérationnels de maltraitance. Le but de cette étude était d'explorer l'expérience du fait de devenir père chez un échantillon d'hommes participant à un programme périnatal au niveau de la famille entière pour réduire cette violence. Dix hommes participant au programme ont été interviewés sur leurs expériences et leurs croyances liées à la paternité. Les entretiens ont été enregistrés, transcrits mot pour mot, et analysés en utilisant une analyse thématique. Quatre thèmes ont été identifiés: donner du sens au comportement violent; les conceptions de la paternité; une transition émotionnelle; et briser le cycle. Les données offrent un regard unique sur les croyances et les comportements des hommes à ce point de transition dans leurs vies. Cela peut aider le développement d'interventions destinées à briser le cycle de la maltraitance, indiquant ainsi des manières d'exploiter la motivation pour un nouveau commencement et de soutenir les hommes afin qu'ils surmontent des patterns de comportements inutiles.

[Protection Against Violence and Abuse in Medical Institutions - Reasons, Prevalence and Implications for Practice]. / Schutz vor Gewalt und Übergriffen in medizinischen Institutionen ­ Ursachen, Häufigkeiten und Implikationen für die Praxis.

Protection Against Violence and Abuse in Medical Institutions - Reasons, Prevalence and Implications for Practice Reported cases of (sexual) abuse in institutions as well as the results of surveys show that violence against children and adolescents, but also against adults, occurs also in medical institutions. There are still few studies on the frequency of these cases. However, the cases that have come to public attention show that medical institutions bear systemic risk factors for such assaults. On the other hand, medical institutions also play an important role in child protection, since many children and adolescents affected by maltreatment including sexual abuse come into contact with the medical system. It is necessary that medical institutions deal with this problem and develop respective institutional protection concepts. A protection concept is a system of measures that ensure better protection against assaults within an organisation. Important steps are analysis of risk factors, structural changes, the creation of plan of procedures and the development of an institutional attitude that assaults are not tolerated. Although the development of protection concepts takes time and resources, it has many advantages for institutions, such as an increased sense of security for professionals, because they know how to proceed in such situation. Now that the obligation to draw up protection concepts is anchored in the quality management guideline of the Federal Joint Committee (G-BA), all hospitals and practices must set out to develop appropriate concepts.

[Paternal Risk and Protective Factors for Endangerment of Child Well-Being and their Consideration in the Risk Inventories Used Throughout Germany]. / Väterliche Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren für Kindeswohlgefährdung und ihre Berücksichtigung in den deutschlandweit eingesetzten Risikoinventaren.

Paternal Risk and Protective Factors for Endangerment of Child Well-Being and their Consideration in the Risk Inventories Used Throughout Germany In view of the current family and role models, paternal risk and protective factors can have a significant impact on the risk of violence within a family and should therefore - in addition to the factors on the part of the mother, the child and the closer or other family systems - be taken into consideration when estimating the endangerment of child well-being. In this article we explore which empirical findings on paternal risk and protective factors for abuse, neglect and sexual abuse (sexual violence) in childhood and adolescence were published in international research literature from 1980 to 2019. Seventeen risk factors and four protective factors could be identified, which in 33 quantitative original studies showed a risk-increasing or a buffering influence on violence experiences in families on the part of the father. In addition, the risk inventories used in practice in Germany were analyzed with regard to the paternal risk and protective factors, in order to be able to illustrate the application of the empirically identified factors in early intervention, youth welfare and health care. The article used results from a benchmark survey on risk inventories from 2009. These results were compared with current findings from 2018 as part of a research update. In 2009, 67 % of the instruments "often" contained items on the father, while this was found for 12 % of the instruments in 2018. At the same time, in 2018, 53 % of the risk inventories were "often" asked about custodians, parents or main caregivers. The article thus reflects developments in research and practice in risk assessment for child well-being, in which especially the fathers, who unlike the mothers are often not explicitly addressed during screenings and interventions for families with psychosocial problems, are taken into consideration. The knowledge about the influence of the fathers can feed into the preventive interventions in early interventions and complement them meaningfully.

Gewalt und Gewaltprävention in der stationären Altenpflege während der COVID-19-Pandemie.

Violence and Violence Prevention in Nursing Homes during the COVID-19 Pandemic - A partial analysis of Interviews with Managers or Team Leaders Abstract. Background: During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, strict infection control measures were in force in long-term residential care in Germany that burdened staff and isolated residents socially. Both are considered risk factors for violence in long-term residential care. Questions: How does violence develop in nursing homes under pandemic conditions from the point of view of managers and how do strategies for preventing violence change? Methods: Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with staff in 43 nursing homes: 25 with service managers, 15 with nurse managers, 28 with nursing team leaders and 10 with registered nurses with extended tasks. The interviews were recorded as audio, transcribed and analysed in five steps following the "Thematic Framework Analysis". Results: The infection control measures were partly perceived as deprivation of freedom. Residents, relatives and staff partly reacted most with verbal violence. Nevertheless, the issue of violence was not a major concern for management and preventive measures were not carried out. Conclusions: The results show that strategies to prevent violence might not be sufficiently established in the institutions involved and would have to be adapted to the conditions of the pandemic. Further research is needed to evaluate infection control measures in their potential to increase the incidence of violence.

Lead exposure and child maltreatment as models for how to conceptualize early-in-life risk factors for violence.

Although rates of violent crime have been on the decline in the United States for the past two decades, young people-and particularly young men-continue to commit and fall victim to alarmingly high rates of violence. Effective prevention requires data on what the determinants of violence are and when in the life course they emerge. The goal of this review was to identify early-in-life risk factors for violence and to describe (a) who is most affected and (b) effect mechanisms. I focus on abuse and neglect and exposure to lead as risk factors for violence that disproportionately affect young children and that are likely to have causal effects on development. I conclude with future directions for research and intervention.

A neurodevelopmental perspective on male violence.

Research is increasingly documenting a neurobiological basis to violence. This review takes a neurodevelopmental perspective on the very small group of males who grow up to become persistent violent offenders. After outlining six criteria for what constitutes a neurodevelopmental disorder, the extent to which chronic violence meets these definitional criteria is examined, covering the fields of genetics, structural and functional brain imaging, and neuropsychology. Early health risk factors for violence are then outlined, including birth complications, minor physical anomalies, prenatal smoking and alcohol exposure, poor nutrition, lead exposure, and traumatic brain injury. Persistent adult violence is argued to originate in aberrant temperamental behavior in early childhood, to have a stable developmental trajectory, and to be associated with impaired education, social, and occupational functioning. Taken together, it is argued that chronic adult violence meets criterion for being conceptualized as having neurodevelopmental origins and that an important, but not sole, source of neural maldevelopment lies in prenatal and early postnatal risk factors. This review concludes with a recognition of the sociopolitical context within which a neurodevelopmental perspective on chronic violence sits, together with directions for future research, including whether a neurodevelopmental hypothesis is best applied to reactive as opposed to proactive aggression.

Expanding perspectives: A social inequities lens on intimate partner violence, reproductive justice, and infant mental health.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) poses a threat to the attainment of reproductive justice. Women who experience IPV are limited in their ability to parent their children in a secure and nurturing environment, which can have negative effects on the mother and child immediately and long-term, potentially distressing reproductive well-being across generations. Societal inequities faced by women, particularly women of color, within education, economic, and legal systems are associated with risk factors for IPV. This article will use national- and state-level data with case examples and the lens of reproductive justice to consider the impact of and potential solutions to historical and institutional inequities related to IPV.

La violencia por parte de la pareja íntima (IPV) representa una amenaza para el logro de la justicia reproductiva. Las mujeres que experimentan la IPV se encuentran limitadas en cuanto a su habilidad para criar a sus niños dentro de un ambiente seguro y propicio, todo lo cual puede tener efectos negativos en la madre y el niño inmediatamente y a largo plazo, y potencialmente resultar en un angustioso bienestar reproductivo a través de generaciones. Las desigualdades sociales que enfrentan las mujeres, y en particular las mujeres de raza negra, dentro de los sistemas educativos, económicos y legales se asocian con factores de riesgo para la IPV. Este ensayo usará información tanto al nivel nacional como estatal con ejemplos de casos y el enfoque de la justicia reproductiva para considerar el impacto de las desigualdades históricas e institucionales relacionadas con la IPV y las posibles soluciones a las mismas.

La violence entre partenaires intimes (VIP pour Intimate Partner Violence en anglais) constitue une menace pour la défense et l'atteinte de la justive reproductive. Les femmes qui font l'expérience de VIP sont limitées dans leur capacité à parenter leurs enfants dans un milieu sûr et chaleureux, ce qui peut avoir des effets négatifs sur la mère et l'enfant immédiatement ainsi qu'à long terme, ce qui a aussi le potentiel d'afliger de détresse le bien-être reproductif au travers des générations. Les inégalités sociales auxquelles font face les femmes, et particulièrement les femmes de couleur, au sein des systèmes éducatirs, économiques et légaux sont liés aux facteurs de risque pour le VIP. Cet article utilise des données nationales et au niveau des états américains avec des exemples de cas, ainsi que le prisme de la justice reproductive afin de considérrer l'imace des inégalités historiques et institutionnelles liées à la VIP ainsi que leurs solutions potentielles.

Early-life risk for domestic violence perpetration: Implications for practice and policy.

Research on risks and causes of domestic violence is hampered by a policy framework that not only does not fund but in some cases suppresses inquiry into those causes. This discussion, then, will be placed in the context of those policy frameworks that hamper and distort inquiry. This includes an overview of ideological, political, and historical issues that have shaped those frameworks. Related explanatory theories and theories of practice are summarized. The article will examine known early-life risk factors for those disorders and behaviors associated with domestic violence perpetration. Particular emphasis will be placed on maltreatment and attachment/bonding processes. Framed in broad perspectives of psychosocial theory, risk factors from related literature sources (e.g. general violence and criminality) will be included where risk profiles are substantially similar.

A developmental origins perspective on the emergence of violent behavior in males with prenatal substance exposure.

Children with prenatal substance exposure are at increased risk for externalizing behavior problems and violence. However, the contribution of early life experiences for placing these individuals at risk is not well understood. Utilizing a sample of 1,388 children with prenatal substance exposure from the Maternal Lifestyle Study, we attempt to shed light on these contributing factors by examining the impact of infant temperament, maternal sensitivity, and early life stress on the expression of violent behavior at ages 12 through 14 years. Males may be more at risk for increases in violent behavior in early adolescence through a number of early life experiences, such as variability in responses to maternal flexibility and engagement related to individual differences in temperament, as well as exposure to early adversity. Comparing two prevailing developmental theoretical frameworks, deficit models and differential susceptibility, we aim to understand the developmental origins of violent behavior in males by identifying children who may be most susceptible to early caregiving experiences.

The early biopsychosocial development of boys and the origins of violence in males.

We apply a biopsychosocial approach to introduce early-in-life experiences that explain a significant part of the male preponderance in the perpetration of violence. Early caregiver abuse and neglect, father absence, and exposure to family and neighborhood violence exacerbate boys' greater risk for aggressive behavior and increase the probability of carrying out violent acts later in life. We examine the development of the psychological self and explore conditions that encourage physical aggression, focusing on the impact on the infant and toddler's emergent mental representation of self, others, and self-other relationships. Boys' slower developmental timetable in the first years of life may enhance their vulnerability for disorganization in emergent neurobiological networks mediating organization of socioemotional relationships. Emergent attachment and activation relationship systems may differentially affect risk and resilience in boys and girls, particularly in single-parent families. Evidence has suggested that the dramatic increase in single-parent families is especially linked to corresponding increases in behavioral undercontrol, antisocial behavior, and the emergence of violence in boys.