The novel transcription factor TRP interacts with ZFP5, a trichome initiation-related transcription factor, and negatively regulates trichome initiation through gibberellic acid signaling.

KEY MESSAGE: The trichome-related protein (TRP) is a novel transcription factor (TF) that negatively regulates trichome initiation-related TFs through gibberellin (GA) signaling. Trichomes, which are outgrowths of leaf epidermal cells, provide the plant with a first line of defense against damage from herbivores and reduce transpiration. The initiation and development of trichomes are regulated by a network of positively or negatively regulating transcription factors (TFs). However, little information is currently available on transcriptional regulation related to trichome formation. Here, we report a novel TF Trichome-Related Protein (TRP) that was observed to negatively regulate the trichome initiation-related TFs through gibberellic acid (GA) signaling. ProTRP:GUS revealed that TRP was only expressed in the trichome. The TRP loss-of-function mutant (trp) had an increased number of trichomes on the flower, cauline leaves, and main inflorescence stems compared to the wild-type. In contrast, TRP overexpression lines (TRP-Ox) exhibited a decreased number of trichomes on cauline leaves and main inflorescence stem following treatment with exogenous GA. Moreover, the expressions of trichome initiation regulators (GIS, GIS2, ZFP8, GL1, and GL3) increased in trp plants but decreased in TRP-Ox lines after GA treatment. TRP was observed to physically interact with ZFP5, a C2H2 TF that controls trichome cell development through GA signaling, both in vivo and in vitro. Based on these results, we suggest that TRP functions upstream of the trichome initiation regulators and represses the binding of ZFP5 to the ZFP8 promoter.

Current insights on rice (Oryza sativa L.) bakanae disease and exploration of its management strategies. / æ°´ç¨»æ¶è‹—ç— åŠå ¶é˜²æ²»ç­–ç•¥ä¹‹æ´žå¯Ÿ.

Bakanae is an emerging rice disease caused by the seed- and soil-borne pathogen Fusariumfujikuroi. It is becoming a more serious threat to sustainable rice production throughout rice-growing regions. Bakanae disease infection is responsible for high yield losses ranging from 3% to 95%, and disease incidence varies based on the region and cultivars. Hence, understanding the nature of the pathogen, its pathogenicity, disease epidemiology, symptoms, host|-|pathogen interaction, and the role of secondary metabolites in the disease cycle will be helpful in the development of effective and sustainable management strategies. However, very few comprehensive studies have described the details of rice bakanae disease. Thus, in this review we summarize and discuss in detail the information available from 1898 to 2023 on various critical facets of bakanae disease, and provide perspectives on future research.