[The septal tubercle: the state of the problem]. / Bugorok peregorodki nosa.

The septal tubercle is considered to be a thickened area of the nasal septum, which is located above the lower nasal concha and in front of the middle nasal concha. Taking into account its histological structure and location in the distal segment of the internal nasal valve, it is located and structured for secretory function and vasoactive regulation of the respiratory air flow. These histologically rich tissues with glandular elements are well adapted to the possible dryness that occurs under the influence of intense air flow during breathing, and the existence of a certain number of venous sinusoids of the blood confirms the connection with part of the extensive vascular tissues in the nasal cavity. It is believed that the tubercle of the nasal septum is more pronounced in patients with chronic inflammation of the sinonasal region, for example, with chronic allergic rhinitis or chronic rhinosinusitis. There is currently no consensus on the issue of surgery of the nasal septum body. Due to the lack of consensus among practitioners, many surgeons do not routinely perform operations on this structure and consider the surgical intervention too aggressive, and the effect on nasal obstruction is insignificant. However, according to the presented studies, the results of surgical reduction of soft tissues of the enlarged septal tubercle in the treatment of nasal obstruction using radiofrequency ablation, coblation or microdebrider seem promising, which requires additional study of this issue during long-term follow-up.

A systematic review of the nasal septal turbinate: An overlooked surgical target.

OBJECTIVE: The nasal septal turbinate (NST) is a conspicuous structure located in the anterior nasal cavity that impacts the internal nasal valve. Its structure and function is often thought to be poorly characterized, and it is rarely addressed surgically. The authors perform a systematic review in an attempt to synthesize what has been learned of this structure and to evaluate its potential as a treatment target. METHODS: A query of the Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane databases was undertaken in search of studies evaluating the NST. This qualitative systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed with established criteria. RESULTS: Of the initial 1069 hits from the four databases, 16 articles were ultimately included in the review, which varied in quality and risk of bias. The included articles consisted predominantly of radiographic and histopathologic studies. Four studies evaluated NST treatment outcomes. The NST represents a fusiform-shaped region of erectile tissue, similar in structure and function to that of the inferior turbinates. Preliminary treatment outcomes suggest the NST represents an important surgical target in nasal airway surgery. CONCLUSION: When evaluating nasal obstruction patients, surgeons should assess the NST and consider addressing it surgically.

Nasal Septal Swell Body: A Distinctive Structure in the Nasal Cavity.

OBJECTIVES: The nasal septal swell body (NSB), also known as the nasal septal turbinate, is located in the anterior part of the nasal septum. This study is a narrative review of the existing knowledge on recent developments in NSB. METHODS: A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid, and Cochrane Library databases. Google Scholar was used to access more extensive literature. The inclusion criteria were human studies published in English. The exclusion criteria were non-English language and animal studies. RESULTS: Of the 345 articles that were initially obtained from 5 databases and Google Scholar, 28 were included in this review. There have been many names for NSBs in the past, which still have no unified terminology recognized by professionals. Pathological investigations revealed that NSB contains a certain amount of sinusoidal blood components. Nasal septal swell body is closely related to the internal nasal valve. Imaging studies have found that the size of NSB is associated with nasal diseases, and NSB hypertrophy can cause anatomic obstruction. In recent years, several procedures for NSB have been reported, and preliminary effectiveness has been achieved. However, the long-term outcomes of volume reduction techniques remain unproven. CONCLUSIONS: The NSB is a distinct anatomic structure that may contribute to nasal obstruction and may be reduced surgically with unclear long-term results. Although being investigated for over a century, the unique physiological roles of NSB are not yet fully understood. More evidence is needed to elucidate its physiological effects.