The relationship between clinical symptoms of oral lichen planus and quality of life related to oral health.

INTRODUCTION: Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic and relatively common mucocutaneous disease that often affects the oral mucosa. Although, OLP is generally not life-threatening, its consequences can significantly impact the quality of life in physical, psychological, and social aspects. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between clinical symptoms of OLP and oral health-related quality of life in patients using the OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile-14) questionnaire. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study has a cross-sectional design, with case-control comparison. In this study, 56 individuals were examined as cases, and 68 individuals were included as controls. After recording demographic characteristics and clinical features by reviewing patients' records, the OHIP-14 questionnaire including clinical severity of lesions assessed using the Thongprasom scoring system, and pain assessed by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were completed. The ADD (Additive) and SC (Simple Count) methods were used for scoring, and data analysis was performed using the T-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-Square, Spearman's Correlation Coefficient, and SPSS 24. RESULTS: Nearly all patients (50 individuals, 89.3%) reported having pain, although the average pain intensity was mostly mild. This disease has affected the quality of life in 82% of the patients (46 individuals). The patient group, in comparison to the control group, significantly expressed a lower quality of life in terms of functional limitations and physical disability. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between clinical symptoms of OLP, gender, location (palate), and clinical presentation type (erosive, reticular, and bullous) of OLP lesions with OHIP-14 scores, although the number or bilaterality of lesions and patient age did not have any significant correlation with pain or OHIP scores. CONCLUSION: It appears that certain aspects of oral health-related quality of life decrease in patients with OLP, and that of the OLP patient group is significantly lower in terms of functional limitations and physical disability compared to the control group. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between clinical symptoms of OLP and pain as well as OHIP scores.

Oral health and oral-health-related quality of life in people with X-linked hypophosphatemia.

BACKGROUND: X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a type of vitamin D-resistant rickets. It is the most common form of it and is related with oral health problems. This study aimed to analyze the OHRQoL of people suffering from XLH and measure physical oral health to confirm or refute evidence of reduced oral health. METHODS: The German version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14G), was used to measure OHRQoL. All study participants underwent clinical examination, and oral health was scored using the Physical Oral Health Index (PhOX). RESULTS: A total of 26 people participated in the study, of whom five were male and 21 were female. The average participant age was 40.9 ± 12.8 years. The OHIP-14G score was 14.3 (± 12.1; 95% CI: 9.37. 19.16) points (range 0-44 points). The PhOX score was 77.1 (± 9.9; 95% CI: 73.10-81.13) points (range 61-95 points). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study confirm that oral health and OHRQoL are both reduced in the studied cohort of people affected by XLH. Particular attention should be paid to perfect oral hygiene in people with XLH, as the impaired enamel mineralisation increases the risk of caries and thus also the occurrence of apical infections.

The impact of unmet treatment need on oral health related quality of life: a questionnaire survey.

BACKGROUND: Based on the present global burden of oral diseases, unmet dental needs affect a more significant population worldwide. It is characterised by the need for dental care but receiving delayed or no care. The contributing factors include lack of knowledge about oral health, its consequences, and the availability of dental services. We need to find out the scale of the problem of unmet dental needs for the south Indian population. Therefore, the objective was to determine the relationship between the presence of oral disease and the quality of life-related to oral health using the OHIP-14 tool. METHODS: The unmet dental requirements of the south Indian population were determined using a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Close-ended questions were used to obtain data from two investigators trained to record the answers from the patients. The data was collected using the OHIP-14 questionnaire, which consists of 14 items divided into seven domains with two questions each. Physical pain, psychological impairment, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability, and disability were all considered. An additional analysis of artificial neural network (ANN) was done. RESULTS: The response rate was 100 per cent. N = 1029 people replied to the questionnaire about their unmet dental needs. N = 497 (48.3%) were men, whereas N = 532 (51.7%) were women. The average age was 31.7811.72. As their current occupation, most of the included subjects (60.1%) were students. The respondents had no known personal habits and a mixed diet (94.93%). The average BMI was 24.022.59 (14-30.9). OHIP was present in 62.3% of the population. The average OHIP-14 severity score was 10.97. (8.54). The severity and degree of unmet dental need were substantial (p0.01) due to pain in the mouth/teeth/gums, malocclusion, and gum bleeding. The most common OHIP-14 domains affected by unmet oral needs were psychological discomfort, psychological limitation, social limitation, and feeling handicapped. The analysis of ANN revealed that high OHIP scores were primarily attributed to dental caries, poor oral health, and dental aesthetics. CONCLUSION: The severity and degree of unmet dental needs were significant among the south Indian population. The most common oral health status that impacted OHIP-14 domains were pain, malocclusion, and bleeding gums. These patients were significantly impacted by psychological discomfort and social limitations and felt handicapped.

A cross-sectional study on activity impairment in primary Sjogren's syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to show relations between activity impairment and salivary gland involvement for patient empowerment in primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS: In the study, 86 patients with pSS were included. The data were collected through clinical examinations and a questionnaire regarding Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI), EULAR Sjogren's syndrome patient-reported index (ESSPRI) and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Relations were analysed by using mediation and moderation analyses. In simple mediation analysis, an independent variable (X) influences outcome variable (Y) through a mediator variable (M) whereas a moderator variable (W) affects the direction of the relationship between the dependent (Y) and independent variables (X). RESULTS: Increases in ESSPRI-Dryness score (X) (p = 0.0189) and OHIP-14 score (M) (p = 0.0004) were associated with the poor WPAI activity impairment score (Y) in the first mediation analysis. The WPAI activity impairment score was mediated by the elevated ESSPRI-Fatigue score (X) (p = 0.03641) and low U-SFR (M) (p = 0.0000) in the second mediation analysis. In addition, ESSPRI-Pain score (W) was the significant moderator for WPAI activity impairment (Y) in patients without hyposalivation in the moderation analysis (p = 0.0010). CONCLUSION: WPAI activity impairment was affected by both ESSPRI-Dryness with OHRQoL and ESSPRI-Fatigue with SFR in glandular involvement.

Patient-reported outcome measures after periodontal surgery.

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to explore the impact of different periodontal surgical treatments on the quality of life and postoperative morbidity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is a single-center, prospective, observational cohort trial. One hundred fifty-five patients, referred to the Periodontal Department of Bologna University who needed periodontal surgical treatment, were recruited. The self-reported perception of the postoperative course was assessed using the following anonymous questionnaires: Italian oral health impact profile (I-OHIP-14), visual analog scale (VAS) to evaluate the intensity of the pain, and 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS: Patients reported a mean OHIP-14 total score of 9.87±8.5 (range 0-42), significantly influenced by the female sex, flap extension, and periodontal dressing. A mean VAS score of 2.96±2.39 (range 0-9) was calculated, and was found to be influenced by the presence of vertical releasing incisions and palatal flap extension. Of the 155 subjects, 40 (25.8%) patients reported bleeding as a post-surgical complication, 96 (61.9%) swelling, 105 (67.7%) eating discomfort, and 44 (28.4%) reported speech discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of the nature of the present study, periodontal surgical procedures have a low impact on patients' quality of life evaluated through the OHIP-14 and VAS pain questionnaires. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Periodontal surgical procedures are safe procedures, with a limited duration of postoperative discomfort as well as the incidence of complications.

Dimensional structure of the OHIP-14 and associations with self-report oral health-related variables in home-dwelling Norwegians aged 70.

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the dimensional structure of the OHIP-14 in a sample of elderly Norwegians. A secondary objective was to describe associations between the exposed OHIP-14 dimensions and additional self-report oral health-related variables to assess the dimensions' criterion validity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey questionnaire including the OHIP-14 and additional self-report oral health-related measures was completed by 325 home-dwelling Norwegians aged 70+. Exploratory factor analysis was used to investigate the dimensional structure of the OHIP-14 in this sample. Bivariate correlations were used to describe associations between the exposed OHIP-14 dimensions and additional self-report oral health-related variables. RESULTS: Three dimensions named psychosocial impacts, oral function impacts and general function impacts were revealed. Convergent and discriminant validity of these dimensions were largely supported, and internal consistency reliability for each dimension was good. Statistically significant associations were found between the exposed dimensions and additional self-report oral health-related variables, supporting the dimensions' criterion validity. CONCLUSIONS: A three-dimensional structure of the OHIP-14 was exposed and validated in the present study sample. Since different aspects of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) may be perceived and weighted differently in various populations, suggestions for future research include more profound investigations of the construct validity of the OHIP-14 and similar instruments assessing OHRQoL. Such research should include an exploration of various dimensions and the weights given to them through qualitative research in the target population(s).

Ulcerative colitis and periodontitis - a cross-sectional pilot study from a Norwegian cohort.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease, which includes ulcerative colitis (UC), is an inflammatory disorder with potential impact on periodontal disease, but evidence to date for this association is limited. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of periodontitis according to the 2017-classification in a cohort of subjects with UC. The secondary aim was to assess a potential correlation of periodontal status with previous UC disease parameters and to assess oral health-related quality-of-life. METHOD: A cohort from a community hospital in Norway with confirmed extensive UC was comprehensively examined. Periodontal parameters, OHIP-14 and demographic variables were collected. Previous UC data including colon activity index (CAI), Mayo score and years of UC diagnosis was used to explore a potential correlation with periodontal status. RESULTS: A total of 50 out of 63 invited patients participated. According to the 2017-classification, 74% of the patients presented periodontitis. No correlation was found between periodontitis (stage, grade, bleeding on probing or probing pocket depth ≥6mm) and CAI, Mayo score, or years with UC diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, the prevalence of periodontitis among patients with mild UC for more than 12 years was in line with that reported from a Norwegian general population. No correlation between periodontitis and UC disease indices or years with UC diagnosis was observed. The study suggests that the susceptibility to periodontitis may be limited in patients with well treated or mild UD who regularly attend the dental office, despite a considerable UC disease duration.

Assessment of oral health literacy and oral health-related quality of life in Saudi university students: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Oral health literacy was recognized as important to encouraging oral health and avoiding oral health diseases. It is recognized that socioeconomic conditions are also influential factors in oral health. Therefore, oral health is an important part of individuals' quality of life and general health. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to assess oral health literacy (OHL) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among undergraduate students studying at university. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out from November to February 2023 among the students of King Khalid University. OHL and OHRQoL were assessed using a Rapid estimate of adult literacy in dentistry-30 (REALD-30) and oral health impact profile (OHIP-14). Further, Pearson's correlation tests were used to measure the correlation between REALD-30 and OHIP-14. RESULTS: Among the 394 completed respondents, the majority were aged >20 years (n = 221; 56.09%), aged <20 years (n = 173; 43.91%), female (n = 324; 82.23%) and male (n = 70; 17.7%). Participants from health-related colleges were (n = 343; 87.06%), and other colleges were (n = 51; 12.94%) *p < .04. Participants brushing frequency once daily were (n = 165; 41.88%) twice or more per day (n = 229; 58.12%) *p < .018. The overall mean REALD-30 score of the participants was 11.76 ± 0.17 indicating low OHL. The higher mean score of OHIP-14 for the following domains physical pain 12.93 ± 0.56, physical disability 12.05 ± 0.72 and psychological disability 12.71 ± 0.76. Oral health impact profile-14 and REALD showed a positive correlation for health-related colleges (r = .314; *p < .002) and other colleges (r = .09; p < .072). However, a significant correlation was observed between REALD-30 and OHIP-14 scores among health-related colleges (p < .05). The current study concluded that self-rated poor oral health is significantly linked with OHIP-14 scores. Furthermore, systematic health education programs such as regular dental check-ups for college students must be arranged to assist in changing the student's everyday life and oral health behaviours.

Comparative analysis of periodontal pain and quality of life in patients with fixed multibracket appliances and aligners (Invisalign®): longitudinal clinical study.

BACKGROUNDS: The aim of this longitudinal clinical study is to analyse and compare according to location, degree and type, the pain presented by patients during their first year of treatment, as well as the quality of oral life after the placement of two types of orthodontic appliances: conventional brackets and removable Invisalign ® aligners. METHODS: The sample consisted of 140 patients grouped into 2 study groups of 70 patients each. The first group (brackets group- BG), with fixed multibracket appliances, using the MBT technique and a 0.022" slot. The second group (invisaling group- IG), in treatment with removable aligners (IG), using the Invisalign ® system. They were providen with a questionnare where they had to record the degree (mild, moderate or intense), the type and location of the pain monthly during the first year of treatment. The second form was the Spanish version of the OHIP-14, oral quality of life questionnaire, which was provided the twelfth month after the start of treatment. RESULTS: In both groups, we found that the most frequent location of pain occurred during the first phase: mandibular for the IG group and maxillary in the BG group. Throughout the whole analysis, the intensity was mild-moderate with lower values in the conventional brackets' group. The BG group reported acute pain while the IG group reported sensitive pain during the first month; later both reported sensitive pain. CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in terms of periodontal pain in its degree, location, and type according to the different orthodontic techniques used. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was approved by the bioethics committee of the University of Salamanca (USAL_20/516).

Oral health status, oral health-related quality of life and personality factors among users of three-sided sonic-powered toothbrush versus conventional manual toothbrush.

OBJECTIVES: This longitudinal within subject controlled randomized observational investigation studied the impacts of three-sided sonic-powered toothbrush versus conventional manual toothbrush on oral health- and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and assessed the relationship between personality factors and OHRQoL. METHODS: A total of 96 participants (48 females and 48 males; mean age = 22.61 years, SD = 1.21) were recruited into this investigation and were randomly allocated into two groups. The participants were instructed to control oral hygiene for 1 month using either a three-sided sonic brush (Triple Bristle, Dayton, Tennessee, USA) (sonic group) or a conventional manual toothbrush (manual group). Dental plaque was assessed via Turesky-Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI). Bleeding on probing (BOP) was recorded as 1 if present and zero if absent. The NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) were used to assess personality factors and OHRQoL, respectively. TMQHPI, BOP and OHIP were assessed at study baseline and 1 month later. RESULTS: The TMQHPI, BOP and OHIP-14 scores were reduced after 1 month in both groups (p < 0.05), and were more reduced among the three-sided sonic brush users (p > 0.05). Higher neuroticism scores were associated with worse OHRQoL (p < 0.05) in both groups after 1 month. CONCLUSIONS: The three-sided sonic-powered toothbrush was associated with superior oral health and OHRQoL in comparison with the conventional manual toothbrush. Utilizing three-sided sonic toothbrush, less plaque deposits and lower neuroticism scores contributed towards and predicted better OHRQoL after 1 month of oral hygiene maintenance.

Usefulness of implementing the OHIP-14 questionnaire to assess the impact of xerostomia and hyposalivation on quality of life in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to analyze if the results of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire (OHIP-14) in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) are correlated with salivary flow and level of xerostomia. METHODS: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in 61 patients (60 women, one man, mean age 57.64 [13.52]) diagnosed of pSS according to the American-European Criteria (2002). After recording demographic, medical and dental data (decayed-missing-filled teeth index [DMFT]), unstimulated (UWS) and stimulated (SWS) salivary flows were collected. Subsequently, UWS flow was categorized into two groups (<0.1 ml/min and ≥0.1 ml/min) and SWS into three groups (<0.1 ml/min, 0.1-0.7 ml/min and >0.7 ml/min). Patients also filled out a visual analog scale (VAS) for xerostomia and OHIP-14 for self-reported quality of life (QoL). RESULTS: Data showed positive and significant correlation between OHIP-14 and xerostomia, based on VAS results (r = 0.52; p = 0.001). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between UWS and OHIP-14 scores (r = -0.34; p = 0.006) and VAS for xerostomia (r = -0.22; p = 0.09). No significant correlation was found between SWS and OHIP-14 or VAS neither between DMFT and OHIP-14. When assessing the level of QoL by the UWS and SWS flow categories a significant association was found for UWS (p = 0.001) but not for SWS (p = 0.11). The OHIP-14 values were higher in the groups with lower salivary flow. The multiple linear regression to predict OHIP-14 only selected VAS for xerostomia as a statistically significant predictor. CONCLUSIONS: Increased level of xerostomia and reduced UWS flow decrease oral health-related QoL in patients with pSS.

The impact of socioeconomic status, general health and oral health on Health-Related Quality of Life, Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and mental health among Polish older adults.

BACKGROUND: The study aims to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic status, general health and oral health parameters on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and mental health in elderly urban residents of South-Western Poland. METHODS: The 500 residents of Wroclaw, aged 65 and older provided demographic and personal information as well as their medical history. A patient's oral condition were determined based on the clinical oral examination.Quality of Life was assessed using Euro-Quality of Life (EQ-5D), Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).The association between exposure (socioeconomic status, general health and oral health) and outcome (HRQoL, OHRQoL and mental health variables) were analyzed with the use of four models: P - Poisson model, NB-Negative Binomial model, ZIP - Zero Inflated Poisson model, ZINB - Zero Inflated Negative Binomial model. RESULTS: The best model turned out to be the ZINB model, in which a negative binomial distribution in the count equation is assumed. In this model, only 13 independent variables had a significant effect on HRQoL, OHRQoL, and mental health. HRQoL assessed with the EQ-5D is significantly influenced by: living conditions 0.133 (95% CI: 0.001, 0.267, p = 0.049), income -0.348 (95%CI: -0.466, -0.230, p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus 0.437 (95%CI: 0.250, 0.624, p < 0.001), myocardial infarction 0.454 (95% CI: 0.151, 0.757, p = 0.003), stroke 0.543 (95%CI: 0.094, 0.992, p = 0.018) and renal disease 0.466 (95% CI: 0.206, 0.726, p < 0.001). Factors negatively affecting OHRQOL are: the need for oral treatment 0.278 (95%CI: 0.104, 0.452, p = 0.002), the number of missing teeth 0.053 (95%CI: 0.039, 0.067, p < 0.001) and gender 0.271 (95%CI: 0.015, 0.527, p = 0.038) and age -0.025 (95%CI: -0.042, -0.008, p = 0.003). An important factor influencing the level of depression assessed by the PHQ-9 questionnaire may be the material condition -0.225 (95%CI: -0.349, -0.101, p < 0.001). It should be emphasized that living with other people may be a factor that significantly increases the probability of avoiding the occurrence of depression symptoms. CONCLUSION: The study concerning elderly residents of the macroregion in Poland found the impact of socioeconomic, general health and oral health parameters on Health-Related Quality of Life, Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and mental health. Research on the quality of life of the elderly at the local level allowed to assess the factors linked to quality of life of older adults.

Clinical characteristics of odontogenic sinusitis with periapical lesions.

INTRODUCTION: Although the symptoms and radiographic signs may mimic rhinogenic sinusitis, odontogenic sinusitis (OS) with periapical lesions (PALs) is fundamentally an endodontic infection. It is considered to be one of the main causes of OS, especially when presented unilaterally. Despite this routine dental examination is not performed and periapical infection frequently remains undiagnosed by otolaryngologists and radiologists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective observational study covered a group of 61 patients with symptomatic OS with PAL. Assessment of quality of life was done using the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) and Oral Health-Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Temporal and etiological relationship between the dental cause and sinonasal complication was established among the otolaryngologist and dental specialist based on the clinical symptoms, nasal endoscopy described according to the modified Lund-MacKay scale, computed tomography (CT) scans measured and scored in compliance with Lund- Kennedy, Zinreich and Estrela scales. RESULTS: Out of 61 patients, 28 (46%) were women and 33 (54%) men. Group median age 49.1 years, ranged from 22.8 to 78.9 years. Total OHIP-14 score was 12.7 ± 11.3, with the highest value obtained in domains describing physical pain (mean 2.9 ± 2.4, median 3) in which the highest score was obtained in item 3 - painful aching in mouth and/or teeth - scored ≥2 by 52.5% of participants. Concerning dental symptoms 11.5% of patients were asymptomatic. Total SNOT-22 score was 40.7 ± 21.1, with the highest value in domains describing nasal symptoms. 23% of patients reported mild, 44.3% moderate and 32.7% severe symptoms. In the endoscopic evaluation 86.8% of cases presented discharge, 73.8% mucosal edema. In 11.5% of cases the polypoid tissues was observed in nasal cavities. The first molar tooth was the most frequently affected with an incidence of 42.6%, followed by the second molar (27.9%). In 33 (48.5%) of cases the inflammatory process caused the discontinuity of the sinus floor, which in 51.5% coexisted with total maxillary sinus opacification. 10 teeth (14.7%) had the periapical lesions with a diameter exceeding 8 mm. In case of the multi-rooted teeth, PALs were usually encountered at more than one root (57.4%). Maxillary and ethmoid sinus were affected in 54% of cases and additional frontal sinus involvement in 32.8%. In 69.6% patients, ostiomeatal complex was obstructed. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent sinonasal symptoms such as rhinorrhea, post-nasal drip and nose congestion along with dental pain may suggest endodontic nature of OS, especially after previous root-canal treatment. The bigger the PAL is in diameter and the closer to the maxillary sinus, the greater effect on its mucosal involvement and obstruction of ostiomeatal complex is observed. PALs around molar or premolar tooth apexes with coexistence of unilateral sinus opacifications should be noticed and mentioned by radiologists and evaluated by dental specialists in order to refer the patient to further treatment.

Oral health-related quality of life before, during, and after orthodontic-orthognathic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The effect of combined orthodontic-orthognathic treatment was estimated, specifically the impact of pre-surgical orthodontic treatment, on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research question was formulated using the PICO method. The search was carried out in MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, psychINFO, Embase, and Cochrane (until February 3, 2020). Inclusion criteria were patients aged ≥ 17 years who underwent combined orthodontic-surgical treatment, quality of life assessment, and study design of randomized controlled trial, controlled clinical trial, prospective cohort study, observational study, intervention study, or cross-sectional study. The ROBINS-1 tool was used to assess the risk of bias within studies. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted when appropriate. The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Six studies were analyzed. The OHIP-14 and/or OQLQ-22 questionnaires were used to measure the OHRQoL. All six studies had a serious risk of bias. Two studies (87 participants) were included in a meta-analysis showing improvement of OHRQoL when comparing before and after treatment were compared (mean 14.85 scale points, 95% confidence interval 10.36;19.35). CONCLUSIONS: Studies indicate a decrease in OHRQoL during the pre-surgical orthodontic treatment phase but improvement after orthodontic-orthognathic treatment. Data substantiating these results are limited, and the quality of evidence is low. Further research is needed to assess the impact of pre-surgical orthodontic treatment on the OHRQoL in an orthognathic trajectory. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Patients should be well informed about the effect facial/esthetic changes may have on their OHRQoL during sequential phases of orthodontic-orthognathic treatment.

Malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life among young Danish adults. Is there a difference between subjects who received orthodontic treatment during adolescence and subjects without treatment need? A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare malocclusion traits and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) between untreated young adults assessed to have no orthodontic treatment need during childhood, and young adults treated orthodontically during childhood. In addition, to investigate the relationship between malocclusion and OHRQoL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred undergraduate students were screened for eligibility. Subjects had intraoral scans and completed OHIP-14 questionnaires. Angle molar relationship, overjet, overbite, arch length and width, Little's Irregularity Index (LII), Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) scores were assessed. Unpaired t-tests were used to compare outcomes between treated and untreated subjects. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to model the relationship between OHIP-14 and several prognostics simultaneously. RESULTS: Ninety-six subjects were included (mean age ± SD = 23.7 ± 1.8 years): 41 treated and 55 untreated. The untreated subjects had significantly higher LII (p = .02), PAR (p = .01), DAI (p < .01) and overbite (p = .03). The treated subjects had significantly larger inter-canine and inter-premolar distances. No relationship was found between OHIP-14 and LII, PAR, DAI, age, gender and presence/absence of previous orthodontic treatment. However, the DAI score was significantly correlated with the OHIP-14 functional limitation domain. CONCLUSIONS: Untreated subjects had significantly higher LII, PAR and DAI scores than the treated subjects. DAI score was significantly correlated with the OHIP-14 functional limitation domain.

Periodontitis in a 65-year-old population: risk indicators and impact on oral health-related quality of life.

AIMS: The aims of the present study were to investigate socioeconomic and behavioral risk indicators for severe periodontitis in a 65-year-old Norwegian population, and to investigate how periodontitis impacts oral health-related quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of 65-year-old residents in Oslo, born in 1954, was randomly selected for this study. The participants answered a questionnaire regarding country of birth, education, diabetes, smoking habits, dental attendance pattern, and tooth-brushing habits. In addition, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed by the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire (OHIP-14). Negative impact on OHRQoL was defined as responding "fairly often" or "very often" to at least one of the OHIP-14 items. The diagnosis of periodontitis was based on clinical and radiographic periodontal measurements and classified based on the consensus report from the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. RESULTS: Of 796 eligible participants, 460 individuals agreed to participate in the present study (response rate 58%). Seven participants were excluded from the analyses due to < 2 remaining teeth (n = 3) or missing questionnaire (n = 4), resulting in a study sample of 453 individuals (233 men and 220 women). An association was found between non-western country of birth, diabetes type 2, lower education, smoking, non-regular dental visits, and severe periodontitis (stage III or IV, n = 163) in bivariate analyses (Chi-square test). However, in the multiple logistic regression model, only non-western country of birth, diabetes type 2 and smoking (former and current), were associated with higher odds of severe periodontitis. The overall mean OHIP-14 total score was 3.6 (SD: 6.1). Participants with stage III or IV periodontitis reported a significantly higher OHIP-14 total score (mean: 4.7, SD: 7.4), indicating a lower OHRQoL, compared to non-periodontitis participants (mean: 2.9, SD: 4.9). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, non-western birth country, diabetes type 2, and smoking were found as significant risk indicators for severe periodontitis. Overall, results indicate a good OHRQoL among 65-year-olds in Oslo, however, a tendency of reduced OHRQoL with increasing severity of periodontitis was observed.

The Chinese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire among college students: factor structure and measurement invariance across genders.

BACKGROUND: The Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is a multi-dimensional concept commonly used to examine the impact of health status on quality of life, and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire is a good self-assessment tool. This study was designed to investigate the factor structure of the OHIP-14 scale Chinese version, measurement invariance and latent mean differences across genders among college students. METHODS: The online survey was completed by 919 college students. This study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to check the structural models of the OHIP-14 scale, The correlation of each item with the scale total score could test homogeneity, and Cronbach's alpha (Cronbach's α) could evaluate internal consistency. Multi-group CFA was used to explore whether the Chinese version of the OHIP-14 scale was used in male and female populations for measurement consistency. T-test compared scores between men and women. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between age, gender, education, subject, and the score on the OHIP-14 scale. RESULTS: We found that the 7-factor structure had the best fit index in the sample. According to Cronbach's α, the overall score of OHIP was 0.958, and Cronbach's α for 7 factors was: functional limitation was 0.800, physical pain was 0.854, psychological discomfort was 0.902, physical disability was 0.850, psychological disability was 0.768, social disability was 0.862, social handicap was 0.819 and the test-retest reliability interval was 0.723. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis supported residual measurement invariance across gender. T-test for scores showed that females scored higher significantly than men as did the overall score, in terms of physical pain (p<0.001), physical disability (p<0.001), and psychological disability (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study found the OHIP-14 Chinese version to be a good tool for assessing the college students' OHRQoL in China, allowing people to conduct self-assessments.

The Influence of Periodontal Disease on Oral Health Quality of Life in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Observational Single-Center Study.

Background and Objectives: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of global death with a rising prevalence and a heavy economic burden. Periodontal disease has been associated with cardiovascular diseases­including incident coronary heart disease, peripheral artery disease and ischemic stroke. The study evaluates the quality of life of patients with cardiovascular and periodontal disease from the point of view of oral health by using the short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire. Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 221 patients (61.86 ± 15.03 years old) selected from the Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, Romania. The participants self-completed the OHIP-14 questionnaire and they benefited from an oral health examination conducted to assess the presence and the severity of periodontal disease. Results: Out of the 147 patients with cardiovascular disease, 77.5% had periodontal disease (32.6% stage I, 29.2% stage II, and 15.6% stage III and IV). The presence of periodontal disease was associated with a lower oral-health-related quality of life (p < 0.001, ANOVA) and with a higher OHIP-14 score in patients with cardiovascular disease (18.67 ± 8.17, p < 0.001 ANOVA). No significant difference was observed concerning patient sex and background; however, age, body mass index and the lack of an appropriate oral hygiene routine had a strong association with the individual quality of life. The general OHIP-14 score was higher in patients with periodontal disease and associated cardiovascular disease, the presence of both cardiovascular and periodontal disease being associated with a lower quality of life. Conclusions: By increasing the patients' awareness to oral healthcare measures, better outcomes and improved oral-health-related quality of life could be observed.

Impact of stage-grade of periodontitis and self-reported symptoms on oral health-related quality of life.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of stage-grade of periodontitis and self-reported signs and symptoms on oral health-related quality of life. METHODS: The diagnosis of periodontitis was based on the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. The Turkish version of Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was used to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and the participants were requested to state their symptoms associated with periodontal diseases. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-six patients were included in the study with a mean age of 46.54 ± 9.24 years. The participants with Stage IV and Grade C periodontitis had the highest total OHIP-14 scores (median 20.00 [min.-max, 3.00-35.00] and median 18.50 (min.-max, 0.00-36.00]; respectively). The OHIP-14 scores (mean ± SD) were significantly associated with the symptoms of bleeding gums (13.64 ± 9.39), sore gums (18.00 ± 10.47), swollen gums (17.42 ± 10.91), bad breath (15.82 ± 9.44), loose teeth (20.00 ± 8.66) and drifting teeth (24.56 ± 8.46). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a significant association between OHRQoL and periodontitis. Stage-grade of periodontitis and its symptoms were associated with poor quality of life.

Oral Health Impact Profile in adult Polish population.

BACKGROUND: Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is a significant patient-oriented outcome which should be considered in diagnostic, decision making and therapeutic process by dentists. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of a condition of teeth, oral mucosa and dentures on the OHRQoL among patients seeking dental treatment in the University Dental Clinic (UDC) in Kraków, Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 250 patients took part in a cross-sectional study conducted in the UDC in Kraków. Collected clinical data included: oral mucosa and periodontal condition, number of Decayed, Missed and Filled Teeth (DMFT index), presence of dentures. Questionnaire part of the study has been based on OHIP-14 questionnaire. RESULTS: The condition of teeth worsened OHRQoL in following groups of patients: first-time visitors, smokers, with periodontal diseases and without oral mucosal diseases. There was a positive significant correlation between number of decayed teeth and OHRQoL related to teeth. The condition of oral mucosa significantly impaired OHRQoL in: women, patients with oral mucosal diseases and those who undergone prosthetic treatment in the last year. There was a correlation between number of missing teeth, DMFT index, age and subscale 2 of the form. The condition of dentures significantly impaired the OHRQoL in patients: who used removable dental prostheses, undergone prosthetic treatment in the last year and females. There was a positive correlation between subscale 3 of the questionnaire and number of missing teeth and DMFT index and a negative correlation with number of filled teeth within this subscale. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of patient's OHRQoL is one of important components for successful dental treatment.