Understanding the Integrated Health Management System Policy in China From Multiple Perspectives: Systematic Review and Content Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The integrated health management system (IHMS), which unites all health care-related institutions under a health-centered organizational framework, is of great significance to China in promoting the hierarchical treatment system and improving the new health care reform. China's IHMS policy consists of multiple policies at different levels and at different times; however, there is a lack of comprehensive interpretation and analysis of these policies, which is not conducive to the further development of the IHMS in China. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to comprehensively analyze and understand the characteristics, development, and evolution of China's IHMS policy to inform the design and improvement of the system. METHODS: We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to collect 152 policy documents. With the perspective of policy tools and policy orientation as the core, a comprehensive 6D framework including policy level, policy nature, release time, policy tools, stakeholders, and policy orientation was established by combining the content of policy texts. These dimensions were then analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: First, we found that, regarding the coordination of policy tools and stakeholders, China's IHMS policy was more inclined to use environment-based policy tools (1089/1929, 56.45%), which suggests a need for further balance in the internal structure of policy tools. Attention to different actors varied, and the participation of physicians and residents needs further improvement (65/2019, 3.22% and 11/2019, 0.54%, respectively). Second, in terms of level differences, Shanghai's IHMS policy used fewer demand-based policy tools (43/483, 8.9%), whereas the national IHMS policy and those of other provinces and cities used fewer supply-based tools (61/357, 17.1% and 248/357, 69.5%, respectively). The national IHMS strategy placed more emphasis on the construction of smart health care (including digital health; 10/275, 3.6%), whereas Shanghai was a leader in the development of healthy community and healthy China (9/158, 5.7% and 4/158, 2.5%, respectively). Third, in terms of time evolution, the various policy tools showed an increasing and then decreasing trend from 2014 to 2021, with relatively more use of environment-based policy tools and less use of demand-based policy tools in the last 3 years. The growth of China's IHMS policy can be divided into 3 stages: the disease-centered period (2014-2017), the e-health technology development period (2017-2019), and the health-centered period (2018-2021). CONCLUSIONS: Policy makers should make several adjustments, such as coordinating policy tools and the uneven relationships among stakeholders; grasping key policy priorities in the context of local characteristics; and focusing on horizontal, multidimensional integration of health resources starting from the community. This study expands the objects of policy research and improves the framework for policy analysis. The findings provide some possible lessons for future policy formulation and optimization.

Curbing methane emissions from Italian cattle farms. An agroeconomic modelling simulation of alternative policy tools.

Methane (CH4) emissions from cattle farms have been prioritised on the EU agenda, as shown by recent legislative initiatives. This study employs a supply-side agroeconomic model that mimics the behaviour of heterogeneous individual farms to simulate the application of alternative economic policy instruments to curb CH4 emissions from Italian cattle farms, as identified by the 2020 Farm Accountancy Data Network survey. Simulations consider increasing levels of a tax on each tonne of CH4 emitted or of a subsidy paid for each tonne of CH4 curbed with respect to the baseline. Individual marginal abatement costs are also derived. Besides, to consider possible technological options to curb emissions, a mitigation strategy is simulated, with different levels of costs and benefits to appraise the potential impacts on the sector. Relevant reductions in operating income are foreseen, the most substantial in farm types and size classes characterised by lower levels of carbon productivity. The introduction of the mitigation strategy shows that the outcome in terms of mitigation potential, without undermining production level, highly depends on the implementation costs, but can also vary widely due to heterogeneous farms' economic performances. Policy implications are also derived.

Does the new municipal solid waste management regulation promote residents' waste separation behaviour? Evidence from survey data in Beijing, China.

Waste source separation is an essential section of successful municipal solid waste management, and the city governments in China are shifting from building massive waste treatment facilities to regulating residents' waste separation behaviour (WSB). In order to promote residents' WSB, Beijing, the capital of China, implemented the new version of municipal household waste management regulation (NEMAR) and allocated more funds. This article constructs a theoretical framework to analyse the relationship between the NEMAR and residents' WSB from the perspective of policy tools, and uses propensity score matching method to evaluate the NEMAR's effectiveness on promoting residents' WSB, with first-hand data collected by distributing two rounds of questionnaires in Beijing. Results show that the NEMAR in Beijing have significantly improved the frequency and accuracy of residents' WSB. The command-control tools such as fines are effective to enhance WSB. The information guidance tools such as propaganda in community publicity column, banner and brochure could significantly promote residents' WSB frequency. Training seminars could enhance residents' WSB accuracy. The economic incentive tools are ineffective, and the policy of direct material rewards even hampers residents' WSB. This research reveals the effectiveness of the new policy and different tools in promoting residents' WSB. It could provide evidence for policymakers to utilize more effective governing tools and optimize the allocation of public resources.

Waste management and environmental impact of absorbent hygiene products: A review.

Absorbent hygiene products (AHP) have received much interest due to the notion that their end-of-life (EoL) stage has high environmental impacts. Since the use of AHP will continue to rise in the foreseeable future, information that helps with a reduction in the environmental impacts of AHP through their life cycle is needed. This research presents an estimation of AHP in municipal waste, and it also reviews and discusses waste management options, available treatments at bench, pilot or full scale, and life cycle assessments (LCAs) available in the literature. Municipal waste of countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development contains on average 2.7% of baby nappies, 4.8% of adult nappies and 0.5% of sanitary pads (in weight), whereas that of Latin-American countries have 7.3%, 3.3%, and 0.9%, respectively. Management options for AHP waste in developed countries are landfilling and incineration, while in developing countries AHP are disposed of in dumpsites and landfills. Most LCAs identify significant environmental impacts in the production of raw materials, while EoL scenarios involving incineration and landfill were found to have a significant contribution to global warming potential. Substitution with alternative products has been suggested as a way of decreasing environmental impacts; however, their use frequently causes a trade-off on different impact categories. Municipalities could use a wide range of policy tools, such as extended producer responsibility systems, bans, levies, ecolabelling, or a combination of these, to reduce the environmental and economic burden of AHP waste.

[Quantitative analysis of national hygienic city policies in China from the perspective of policy tools].

Objective: To give some suggestions on the policy optimization of the establishment of National Hygienic City from the perspective of policy system. Methods: Policy documents were searched in WanFang Database and websites of ministries and commissions directly affiliated to the State Council with the key words of hygienic city, and analyzed by using the content analysis and quantitative analysis, based on the theory and perspective of policy tools and the two-dimensional analysis framework. Results: Among the 161 policy documents, supply-based, environment-based, and demand-based policy tools accounted for 6.83% (11/161), 83.85% (135/161), and 9.32% (15/161) respectively. Policy planning, policy implementation, policy supervision, and policy evaluation tools accounted for 10.56% (17/161), 63.35% (102/161), 21.74% (35/161), and 4.35% (7/161) respectively. Conclusion: The government should reduce its dependence on environmental policy tools, especially strategic measures, and attach importance to the use of supply-based policy tools and demand-based policy tools. At the same time, it should pay attention to the formulation of more practical policy tools in the process of policy evaluation.

Urban growth simulation guided by ecological constraints in Beijing city: Methods and implications for spatial planning.

An ecologically constrained and scenario oriented urban growth simulation provides an effective means to address and mitigate ecological impacts resulting from urban expansion. However, current urban growth simulations usually set ecological indicators as explanatory variables in the model, while ignoring the trade-off relationship between the requirement for additional urban space and the prevention of ecological loss. In this study, ecological loss was set as a constraint parallel to the urban growth simulation indicator system. The Minimum losses of key ecosystem functions were set as constraints in order to realize optimized urban growth pattern. Taking Beijing's urban growth from 2000 to 2010 as a case, we proposed an optimized coupling model with ecological loss as a constraint in urban growth simulation. The results showed a 22.96% reduction in the total amount of ecological loss under the ecological constraint. According to the urban growth simulation, the "constant growth scenario" had the least ecological loss. Moreover, a combination of multiple ecosystem functions is required for describing the ecological constraint. We suggest that ecological constraint in an urban growth simulation model could be an effective policy tool to plan urban expansion and provide more accurate support for the formulation of spatial planning.

Can incentives make a difference? Assessing the effects of policy tools for encouraging tree-planting on private lands.

This study uses a mail survey of private landowners in the Midwest United States to understand the characteristics of owners who have planted trees or intend to plant trees in the future. The analysis examines what policy tools encourage owners to plant trees, and how policy tools operate across different ownership attributes to promote tree-planting on private lands. Logistic regression results suggest that cost-subsidizing policy tools, such as low-cost and free seedlings, significantly increase the odds of actual and planned reforestation when landowners consider them important for increasing forest cover. Individuals most likely to plant trees, when low-cost seedlings are available and important, are fairly recent (<5 years), college-educated owners who own small parcels (<4 ha) and use the land for recreation. Motivations to reforest were also shaped by owners' planning horizons, connection to the land, previous tree-planting experience, and peer influence. The study has relevance for the design of policy approaches that can encourage private forestation through provision of economic incentives and capacity to private landowners.

Promoting the development of ethnic medicine in China: policy evaluation and optimization countermeasures.

Background: The coordinated development of ethnic medicine is a basic necessity for steady construction of a healthy China. This process includes closely following domestic and foreign policies, including changes, through the optimization of policies; shaping the new direction of the development of national medicine; and achieving comprehensive technological and industrial upgrades. As such, ensuring the all-round development of national medicine in China remains a great challenge. Methods: This paper takes the relevant policies of national and local ethnic medicine issued by the government as the research object, and, through the full interpretation of the policy-issuing body, policy content, and policy effectiveness, deeply analyzes the current situation of the policy's role in ethnic medicine and explores the distribution of policy types, subject-cooperation modes, and scoring levels in various dimensions. Results: This study found that, in the new era of pharmaceutical reform, the State lacks a variety of special policies on ethnomedicine, and there is also an imbalance in the use of policy tools at both the central and local levels as well as synergies in the implementation of policies that need to be further strengthened. Discussion: There remains a need to continue to improve the policy-evaluation system, optimize the structure for the use of policy tools, and improve the rates of application and implementation of the national medicine policy by strengthening cross-provincial and multisectoral cooperation to promote the revitalization of the national medicine industry in China.

Low carbon city and FDI inflows: evidence from China.

Achieving the goals of "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutrality" becomes one of the important elements of the ecological civilization strategy in China. Based on the strong balanced panel data of 281 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2019, we investigate the impact of Low-carbon city pilot policy (LCCP policy) on FDI inflows by using the multi-period DID model and intermediary model. After that, we discuss the heterogenous impact in terms of both policy tools and geographic locations. Furthermore, we investigate the spillover effects of the LCCP policy on the FDI inflows of surrounding cities using the Spatial Dubin DID model. The results show that (1) the LCCP policy can significantly attract FDI through reducing compliance costs and promoting technological innovation, and the Bacon decomposition and the placebo test show that the estimation error is small and the regression result is relatively stable; (2) command-mandatory tools have negative effects on FDI, while market-oriented tools can effectively attract FDI in pilot cities, but voluntary tools have no significant effect on FDI in pilot cities; (3) the LCCP policy can significantly promote the inflows of FDI in the eastern and western regions, but it does not significantly promote the FDI in central regions; (4) there is a positive spillover effect on FDI inflows to surrounding cities.

Classification and Prediction of Food Safety Policy Tools in China Based on Machine Learning.

Governments use policy interventions to mitigate food safety risks. Despite its crucial role, empirical studies evaluating the effectiveness of China's food safety policy tools are scarce. Drawing on a dataset encompassing 11,236 food safety policy texts from 2005 to 2021 and the incidence of problematic food products in the Eastern, Central, and Western regions of China, this study employs Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models to facilitate the classification of policy tools and forecast the effectiveness of policy combinations. The study reveals that (1) local governments have gradually become an important supplementary maker of food safety policies, and have issued an increasing number of policy tools year by year. (2) Mandatory policy tools are predominant in number and have the highest legal hierarchy and authority levels, followed successively by guiding policy and voluntary policy tools. (3) Mandatory policy tools demonstrated the most effective intervention results, followed successively by guiding policy and voluntary policy tools. (4) The forecast analysis reveals that combinations of policies within high-growth frameworks and those driven by mandatory regulations emerge as the most effective. Therefore, the balance of policy tools in terms of type, effectiveness, and quantity, as well as their applicability in different situations, should all be taken into account.

Policy analysis in the field of rare diseases in China: a combined study of content analysis and Bibliometrics analysis.

Introduction: The Chinese government has made significant strides in addressing the needs of individuals affected by rare diseases in recent years. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of national rare disease policies in China from 2009 to 2022, using a mixed-methods approach. Methods: A two-dimensional analytical framework, which includes policy tools and policy themes, is introduced to analyze the rare disease policies comprehensively. Drawing on the policy tools theory proposed by Rothwell and Zegveld, this paper evaluates the tools used in rare disease policies. Co-word analyses and network analyses are employed to identify key themes in rare disease policies and collaboration among government departments. Results: The rare disease policy landscape in China is undergoing rapid growth, with an increasing number of government departments involved in policy formulation. However, further collaboration between departments is needed to strengthen these policies. Environment-based and supply-based tools are preferred in rare disease policies. The policy themes can be grouped into four categories: (1) Registration, Approval and Supply of Rare Disease Drugs, (2) Construction of Diagnosis and Treatment System for Rare Diseases, (3) Development and Genericization of Rare Disease Drugs, and (4) Social Security for Patients with Rare Diseases. Discussion: The study provides valuable insights into the current state of rare disease policies in China and offers suggestions for policy improvement. The results show that the Chinese government has made efforts to address the needs of individuals affected by rare diseases, but there is still room for improvement. The collaboration between government departments needs to be strengthened to achieve better rare disease policies. The findings of this study have implications for other countries with similar healthcare systems and can contribute to a better understanding of the impact of rare disease policies on public health.

COVID-19 Vaccine Refusal and Delay among Adults in Italy: Evidence from the OBVIOUS Project, a National Survey in Italy.

BACKGROUND: Vaccine hesitancy was defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019 as a major threat to global health. In Italy, reluctance to receive vaccines is a widespread phenomenon that was amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic by fear and mistrust in government. This study aims to depict different profiles and characteristics of people reluctant to vaccinate, focusing on the drivers of those who are in favor of and those who are opposed to receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS: A sample of 10,000 Italian residents was collected. A survey on COVID-19 vaccination behavior and possible determinants of vaccine uptake, delay, and refusal was administered to participants through a computer-assisted web interviewing method. RESULTS: In our sample, 83.2% stated that they were vaccinated as soon as possible ("vaccinators"), 8.0% delayed vaccination ("delayers"), and 6.7% refused to be vaccinated ("no-vaccinators"). In general, the results show that being female, aged between 25 and 64, with an education level less than a high school diploma or above a master's degree, and coming from a rural area were characteristics significantly associated with delaying or refusing COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, it was found that having minimal trust in science and/or government (i.e., 1 or 2 points on a scale from 1 to 10), using alternative medicine as the main source of treatment, and intention to vote for certain parties were characteristics associated with profiles of "delayers" or "no-vaccinators". Finally, the main reported motivation for delaying or not accepting vaccination was fear of vaccine side effects (55.0% among delayers, 55.6% among no-vaccinators). CONCLUSION: In this study, three main profiles of those who chose to be vaccinated are described. Since those who are in favor of vaccines and those who are not usually cluster in similar sociodemographic categories, we argue that findings from this study might be useful to policy makers when shaping vaccine strategies and choosing policy instruments.

Analyzing national telemedicine policies in China from the perspective of policy instrument (1997-2020).

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the Chinese government has frequently issued policies to promote the rapid development of telemedicine with the aim of improving the primary medical service capacity and public medical conditions in remote areas of China. METHODS: A three-dimensional analytical framework was built to analyze the rationality of existing national telemedicine policies, providing valuable insights for the future construction and formulation of telemedicine policy. In total, 271 telemedicine policy documents with 537 policy clauses in relation to telemedicine were identified, and they are subjected to a rigorous analysis from the perspectives of policy instrument, telemedicine development stage, and telemedicine development element. RESULTS: China's telemedicine policies have grown rapidly since 1997 and gradually moved towards exploratory stage (9/551, 1.68%), normative stage (93/551, 17.62%), mature stage (239/551, 44.51%), and rapid growth stage (196/551, 36.50%). Meanwhile, the types of telemedicine policy instruments adopted include mandatory tools (360/551, 61.71%), voluntary tools (82/551, 14.88%), information tools (74/551, 13.43%), and economic tools (55/551, 9.98%). The majority of telemedicine policies were related to platform construction, accounting for 45.07% (242/537), while telemedicine policies relating to service operation (20.67%, 111/537), service application (20.86%, 112/537), and organizational management (13.41%, 72/537) were comparatively less. CONCLUSION: China's policy instruments have developed from simplification to diversification, from relative imbalance to equilibrium, and the balance between the vertical and horizontal objectives of the policy have also strengthened. However, some policy tools are improperly applied at the policy stage, and there is still room for improvement in the allocation of policy elements.

Healthy Aging Data Reports: Measures of Community Health to Identify Disparities and Spur Age-Friendly Progress.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This translational research had 2 aims: first, to analyze and translate data from multiple original data sources to provide accurate, unbiased local community and statewide information about healthy aging; second, to work with stakeholders to use the tools to identify disparities in healthy aging and to support their efforts to advance healthy aging. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data sources from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, U.S. Census American Community Survey, and other sources were analyzed using small area estimation techniques to determine age/gender-adjusted local community rates in Connecticut (CT), Massachusetts (MA), New Hampshire (NH), and Rhode Island (RI). RESULTS: State-level analyses revealed gender and racial/ethnic disparities in healthy aging. A factor analysis identified 4 dimensions of community population healthy aging/morbidity: serious complex chronic disease, indolent conditions, physical disability, and psychological disability. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Healthy Aging Data Reports now exist for MA (2014, 2015, and 2018), NH (2019), RI (2016 and 2020), and CT (2021) and demonstrate differences in health by place. Each report includes community profiles for every city, town, and some urban neighborhoods with more than 170-197 indicators. The reports include maps of the statewide distribution of rates, an infographic, highlights report with state-specific multivariate analyses, and 18 interactive web maps, 18 regional interactive web maps, and technical documentation about data sources and methods. Overall, the research has identified variations in healthy aging and provided tools to track change over time to support age-friendly efforts in the region.

Analysis of China's fight against COVID-19 from the perspective of policy tools-policy capacity.

Judging from the number of confirmed cases, deaths, cures and the time taken to restore normal social and economic order, China is undoubtedly one of the most successful countries in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic, which highlights strong policy capacity of Chinese government using policy tools to solve policy problems efficiently. Based on the policy tools theory put forward by Roy Rothwell and Walter Zegveld, this paper analyzes the specific policy tools used in the prodromal period, breakout period, chronic period and resolution period of China's COVID-19 pandemic and further summarizes three characteristics: The comprehensive use of policy tools, staging of the use of policy tools in different periods and the dominant position of supply-oriented policy tools.

The evolution of land policies in China from 1980 to 2019: a policy-text based analysis.

Land resources are indispensable for the development of a country, especially for a country such as China with a very high population relative to its land area. Since reforms were introduced and liberalization was adopted, many policies have been promulgated for the protection and utilization of land resources. In the present study, more than 2000 land policies that have been formulated and promulgated in China from 1980 to 2019 were examined and statistically analyzed to qualitatively and quantitatively introduce the evolution of these policies in China. This paper mainly studies land policy of China from three perspectives as follows: policy intensity, policy tools, and policy targets, and three principal observations emerged from these investigations. First, during the past 40 years, the quantity of land policies introduced showed an increasing trend, while policy intensity became increasingly stabilized. Second, compared with regulatory policies and stimulative policies, it seems that China prefers to adopt guiding policies to manage land resources. Third, the main purpose of land policies issued during 1980-2019 is land market regulation, with subordinate policies for land resources protection.

The 2017 Italian reform on mandatory childhood vaccinations: Analysis of the policy process and early implementation.

BACKGROUND: The data on vaccination coverage for the year 2016 were a cause of concern for the Italian government. For some years, in fact, there has been a growing mistrust of vaccines in the Italy, and consequently vaccination coverage rates have been decreasing. The number of cases of measles has been particularly high. AIM: The purpose of this article is to examine the content and the preliminary outcomes of the Lorenzin Decree, which was passed in 2017. This reform embodies a 'hard' approach to the issue of childhood vaccinations, based on their mandatory nature and on the intensification of the sanctions against non-compliant subjects. RESULTS: The Lorenzin decree provides for an increase in mandatory infant vaccines from four to ten. Following the reform, unvaccinated children are denied access to nurseries and kindergartens. Parents who do not have their children vaccinated are liable to pay a financial penalty. Data on the preliminary outcomes of the reform show an increase in vaccination coverage. CONCLUSION: The Italian experience provides some policy recommendations, and could be a source of inspiration for European countries that are tackling vaccine hesitancy and declining vaccination coverage rates. At least for the short term, the 'hard' approach adopted by the Italian government is, in fact, bearing fruit, having reversed the negative trend in vaccination coverage rates.

Policy capacities and effective policy design: a review.

Effectiveness has been understood at three levels of analysis in the scholarly study of policy design. The first is at the systemic level indicating what entails effective formulation environments or spaces making them conducive to successful design. The second reflects more program level concerns, surrounding how policy tool portfolios or mixes can be effectively constructed to address complex policy objectives. The third is a more specific instrument level, focusing on what accounts for and constitutes the effectiveness of particular types of policy tools. Undergirding these three levels of analysis are comparative research concerns that concentrate on the capacities of government and political actors to devise and implement effective designs. This paper presents a systematic review of a largely scattered yet quickly burgeoning body of knowledge in the policy sciences, which broadly asks what capacities engender effectiveness at the multiple levels of policy design? The findings bring to light lessons about design effectiveness at the level of formulation spaces, policy mixes and policy programs. Further, this review points to a future research agenda for design studies that is sensitive to the relative orders of policy capacity, temporality and complementarities between the various dimensions of policy capacity.

Scanning and synthesizing Canadian policies that address the school-to-work transition of youth and young adults with disabilities.

BACKGROUND: Disability faced by a young person can impact the school-to-work transition and shape health and well-being over the life course. Unique barriers to entry and advancement within the labor market that are relevant to young people with disabilities underscore the need for tailored policy-level supports. OBJECTIVES: To examine and describe policies that support the school-to-work transition of young people with disabilities in Canada. METHODS: A scan of policies which focused on the school-to-work transition of young people with disabilities across Canada was conducted between June 2019 and January 2020. Searches were completed within federal, provincial and territorial policy portals. Each policy relating to employment participation of people with disabilities was summarized. Policies that focused on the school-to-work-specific were synthesized using Bemelmans-Vidic, Rist and Vedung's policy tool framework. RESULTS: A total of 36 policies were identified by our scan that focused on the employment of people with disabilities. Only five policies explicitly addressed the school-to-work transition. All existing policies were implemented at the provincial level and aimed to promote entry into employment. The synthesis of policies revealed that financial policy tools were primarily used to incentivize employment, provision of workplace accommodations, or the development and implementation of job readiness programs. CONCLUSION: Our analysis of federal, provincial and territorial policies in Canada uncovered a limited number of policies that specifically support the school-to-work transition. Addressing these policy gaps can increase the inclusion of young people with disabilities in the labor market.

Policy Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam.

The COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the most serious health crises in human history, spreading rapidly across the globe from January 2020 to the present. With prompt and drastic measures, Vietnam is one of the few countries that has largely succeeded in controlling the outbreak. This result is derived from a harmonious combination of many factors, with the policy system playing a key role. This study assessed the policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam from the early days of the outbreak in January 2020 to 24 July 2020 (with a total of 413 cases confirmed and 99 days of no new cases infected from the local community) by synthesizing and evaluating 959 relevant policy documents in different classifications. The findings show that the Vietnamese policy system responded promptly, proactively, and effectively at multiple authority levels (33 different agencies from the national to provincial governments), using a range of policy tools and measures. Parallel to the daily occurrence of 2.24 new cases, 5.13 new policy documents were issued on average per day over the study period. The pandemic policy response over the first six months in Vietnam were divided into four periods, I (23 January-5 March), II (6-19 March), III (20 March-21 April), and IV (22 April-24 July). This paper synthesizes eight solution groups for these four anti-pandemic phases, including outbreak announcements and steering documents, medical measures, blockade of the schools, emergency responses, border and entry control measures, social isolation and nationwide social isolation measures, financial supports, and other measures. By emphasizing diversification of the policy responses, from the agencies to the tools and measures, the case study reviews and shares lessons from the successful COVID-19 prevention and control in Vietnam that could be useful for other nations.