Similarity analysis of bioconvection of unsteady nonhomogeneous hybrid nanofluids influenced by motile microorganisms.

Motile bacteria in hybrid nanofluids cause bioconvection. Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas viscosa, Bacillus brevis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas fluorescens were used to evaluate their effect and dispersion in the hybrid nanofluid. Using similarity analysis, a two-phase model for mixed bioconvection magnetohydrodynamic flow was developed using hybrid nanoparticles of Al2O3 and Cu (Cu-Al2O3/water). The parametric investigation, covering the magnetic parameter, permeability coefficient, nanoparticle shape factor, temperature ratio, radiation parameter, nanoparticle fraction ratio, Brownian parameter, thermophoresis parameter, motile bacteria diffusivity, chemotaxis parameter, and Nusselt, Reynold, Prandtl, Sherwood numbers, as well as the number of motile microorganisms', showed significant outcomes. Velocity and shear stresses are sensitive to M, Pr, and [Formula: see text]. Magnetic, radiation, and chemotaxis factors impact bacterial density. The hybrid nanofluid velocity decreases when the magnetic parameter, M, Prandtl number Pr increases, while it increases with the increasing of porosity coefficient, [Formula: see text], and the hybrid nanoparticle ratio Nf. The temperature distribution decreases with the increasing of Prandtl number and Nf. Increasing temperature differential and bacterium diffusivity increases bacterial aggregation.

Bacterial bioconvection confers context-dependent growth benefits and is robust under varying metabolic and genetic conditions.

Microbes often respond to environmental cues by adopting collective behaviors-like biofilms or swarming-that benefit the population. During "bioconvection," microbes gather in dense groups and plume downward through fluid environments, driving flow and mixing on the scale of millions of cells. Though bioconvection was observed a century ago, the effects of differing physical and chemical inputs and its potential selective advantages for different species of microbes remain largely unexplored. In Bacillus subtilis, vertical oxygen gradients that originate from air-liquid interfaces create cell-density inversions that drive bioconvection. Here, we develop Escherichia coli as a complementary model for the study of bioconvection. In the context of a still fluid, we found that motile and chemotactic genotypes of both E. coli and B. subtilis bioconvect and show increased growth compared to immotile or non-chemotactic genotypes, whereas in a well-mixed fluid, there is no growth advantage to motility or chemotaxis. We found that fluid depth, cell concentration, and carbon availability affect the emergence and timing of bioconvective patterns. Also, whereas B. subtilis requires oxygen gradients to bioconvect, E. coli deficient in aerotaxis (Δaer) or energy-taxis (Δtsr) still bioconvects, as do cultures that lack an air-liquid interface. Thus, in two distantly related microbes, bioconvection may confer context-dependent growth benefits, and E. coli bioconvection is robustly elicited by multiple types of chemotaxis. These results greatly expand the set of physical and metabolic conditions in which this striking collective behavior can be expected and demonstrate its potential to be a generic force for behavioral selection across ecological contexts. IMPORTANCE Individual microorganisms frequently move in response to gradients in their fluid environment, with corresponding metabolic benefits. At a population level, such movements can create density variations in a fluid that couple to gravity and drive large-scale convection and mixing called bioconvection. In this work, we provide evidence that this collective behavior confers a selective benefit on two distantly related species of bacteria. We develop new methods for quantifying this behavior and show that bioconvection in Escherichia coli is surprisingly robust to changes in cell concentration, fluid depth, interface conditions, metabolic sensing, and carbon availability. These results greatly expand the set of conditions known to elicit this collective behavior and indicate its potential to be a selective pressure across ecological contexts.

A bioconvection model for viscoelastic nanofluid confined by tapered asymmetric channel: implicit finite difference simulations.

As part of the growing evolution in nanotechnology and thermal sciences, nanoparticles are considered as an alternative solution for the energy depletion due to their ultra-high thermal effectives. Nanofluids reflect inclusive and broad-spectrum significances in engineering, industrial and bio-engineering like power plants, energy source, air conditioning systems, surface coatings, evaporators, power consumptions, nano-medicine, cancer treatment, etc. The present study describes the bio-convective peristaltic flow of a third-grade nanofluid in a tapered asymmetric channel. Basic conservation laws of mass, momentum, energy, and concentration as well as the microorganism diffusion equation are utilized to model the problem. The simplified form of the modeled expressions is accounted with long wavelength assumptions. For solving the resulting coupled and nonlinear equations, a well-known numerical method implicit finite difference scheme has been utilized. The graphical results describe the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles, and the density of motile microorganisms at the nanoscale. Furthermore, microorganism concentration lines are analyzed.

Photo-bioconvection: towards light control of flows in active suspensions.

The persistent motility of individual constituents in microbial suspensions represents a prime example of the so-called active matter systems. Cells consume energy, exert forces and move, overall releasing the constraints of equilibrium statistical mechanics of passive elements and allowing for complex spatio-temporal patterns to emerge. Moreover, when subject to physico-chemical stimuli their collective behaviour often drives large-scale instabilities of a hydrodynamic nature, with implications for biomixing in natural environments and incipient industrial applications. In turn, our ability to exert external control of these driving stimuli could be used to govern the emerging patterns. Light, being easily manipulable and, at the same time, an important stimulus for a wide variety of microorganisms, is particularly well suited to this end. In this paper, we will discuss the current state, developments and some of the emerging advances in the fundamentals and applications of light-induced bioconvection with a focus on recent experimental realizations and modelling efforts. This article is part of the theme issue 'Stokes at 200 (part 2)'.

Magnetohydrodynamic bioconvective flow of Williamson nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms subjected to thermal radiation and Newtonian conditions.

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) bioconvective flow of Williamson nanomaterial in frame of gyrotactic microorganisms is addressed. Nanomaterial characterizes gyrotactic microorganism. Bioconvection is generated by buoyancy forces in the communication of nanoparticles and motile microorganisms. The use of gyrotactic microorganisms into nanofluid here is just to stabilize the nanoparticles to suspend due to a phenomenon called bioconvection. Newtonian conditions for thermal, solutal and motile microorganism are employed. The transformed nonlinear systems of momentum, energy, nanoparticles concentration and motile microorganisms density are solved numerically through the bvp4c technique. Significance of various variables on physical quantities is explained graphically.

Entropy Analysis of Carbon Nanotubes Based Nanofluid Flow Past a Vertical Cone with Thermal Radiation.

Our objective in the present study is to scrutinize the flow of aqueous based nanofluid comprising single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) past a vertical cone encapsulated in a permeable medium with solutal stratification. Moreover, the novelty of the problem is raised by the inclusion of the gyrotactic microorganisms effect combined with entropy generation, chemical reaction, and thermal radiation. The coupled differential equations are attained from the partial differential equations with the help of the similarity transformation technique. The set of conservation equations supported by the associated boundary conditions are solved numerically with the bvp4c MATLAB function. The influence of numerous parameters on the allied distributions is scrutinized, and the fallouts are portrayed graphically in the analysis. The physical quantities of interest including the skin friction coefficient and the rate of heat and mass transfers are evaluated versus essential parameters, and their outcomes are demonstrated in tabulated form. For both types of CNTs, it is witnessed that the velocity of the fluid is decreased for larger values of the magnetic and suction parameters. Moreover, the value of the skin friction coefficient drops versus the augmented bioconvection Rayleigh number. To corroborate the authenticity of the presented model, the obtained results (under some constraints) are compared with an already published paper, and excellent harmony is achieved in this regard.

Bioconvection induced by bacterial chemotaxis in a capillary assay.

Bacterial chemotaxis allows cells to swim toward a more favorable environment. Capillary assays are a major method for exploring bacterial responses to attractive and repellent chemicals, but the accumulation process obtained using a capillary containing chemicals has not been investigated fully. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the response of Salmonella cells to serine as an attractant diffusing from a capillary placed in a cell suspension. Video microscopy showed that cells gradually accumulated near the tip of the capillary and thereafter directed flows were generated. Flow analysis using microspheres as tracers showed that the flow comprised millimeter-scale convection, which originated at the point source where serine was supplied by the capillary. The generation of convection was attributable to cell accumulation and gravitational force, thereby suggesting that it is a variant of bioconvection. We recorded the time courses of the changes in cell numbers and the convection flow speed at different positions near the capillary, which showed that the number of cells increased initially until an almost saturated level, and the convection flow speed then accelerated as the cell accumulation area increased in size. This result indicates that cell accumulation at the stimulation source and enlargement of the accumulation area were essential for generating the convection.

Individual Flagellar Waveform Affects Collective Behavior of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Bioconvection is a form of collective motion that occurs spontaneously in the suspension of swimming microorganisms. In a previous study, we quantitatively described the "pattern transition," a phase transition phenomenon that so far has exclusively been observed in bioconvection of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas. We suggested that the transition could be induced by changes in the balance between the gravitational and shear-induced torques, both of which act to determine the orientation of the organism in the shear flow. As both of the torques should be affected by the geometry of the Chlamydomonas cell, alteration in the flagellar waveform might change the extent of torque generation by altering overall geometry of the cell. Based on this working hypothesis, we examined bioconvection behavior of two flagellar mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, ida1 and oda2, making reference to the wild type. Flagella of ida1 beat with an abnormal waveform, while flagella of oda2 show a normal waveform but lower beat frequency. As a result, both mutants had swimming speed of less than 50% of the wild type. ida1 formed bioconvection patterns with smaller spacing than those of wild type and oda2. Two-axis view revealed the periodic movement of the settling blobs of ida1, while oda2 showed qualitatively similar behavior to that of wild type. Unexpectedly, ida1 showed stronger negative gravitaxis than did wild type, while oda2 showed relatively weak gravitaxis. These findings suggest that flagellar waveform, not swimming speed or beat frequency, strongly affect bioconvection behavior in C. reinhardtii.

Computational analysis of bio-convective eyring-powell nanofluid flow with magneto-hydrodynamic effects over an isothermal cone surface with convective boundary condition.

Non-Newtonian fluids are essential in situations where heat and mass transfer are involved. Heat and mass transfer processes increase efficiency when nanoparticles (0.01≤φ≤0.03) are added to these fluids. The present study implements a computational approach to investigate the behavior of non-Newtonian nanofluids on the surface of an upright cone. Viscous dissipation (0.3≤Ec≤0.9) and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) (1≤M≤3) are also taken into account. Furthermore, we explore how microorganisms impact the fluid's mass and heat transfer. The physical model's governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using a similarity transformation to make the analysis easier. The ODEs are solved numerically using the Bvp4c solver in MATLAB. The momentum, thermal, concentration, and microbe diffusion profiles are graphically represented in the current research. MHD (1≤M≤3) effects improve the diffusion of microbes, resulting in increased heat and mass transfer rates of 18 % and 19 %, respectively, based on our results. Furthermore, a comparison of our findings with existing literature demonstrates promising agreement.

Darcy Forchhiemer imposed exponential heat source-sink and activation energy with the effects of bioconvection over radially stretching disc.

The Darcy-Forchheimer model is a commonly used and accurate method for simulating flow in porous media, proving beneficial for fluid separation, heat exchange, subsurface fluid transfer, filtration, and purification. The current study aims to describe heat and mass transfer in ternary nanofluid flow on a radially stretched sheet with activation energy. The velocity equation includes Darcy-Fochheimer porous media effects. The novelty of this study is enhanced by incorporating gyrotactic microorganisms which are versatile and in nanofluid can greatly improve the thermal conductivity and heat transfer properties of the base fluid, resulting in more efficient heat transfer systems. Furthermore, the governing PDEs are reduced to ODEs via appropriate similarity transformations. The influence of numerous parameters is expanded and physically depicted through the graphical illustration. As the Forchheimer number escalates, so do the medium's porosity and drag coefficient, resulting in more resistive forces and, as a result, lowering fluid velocity. It has been discovered that increasing the exponential heat source/sink causes convective flows that are deficient to transport heat away efficiently, resulting in a slower heat transfer rate. The concentration profile accumulates when the activation energy is large, resulting in a drop in the mass transfer rate. It is observed that the density of motile microorganisms increases with a rise in the Peclet number. Further, the results of the major engineering coefficients Skin-friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and Microorganism density number are numerically examined and tabulated. Also, the numerical outcomes were found to be identical to the previous study.

Thermal performance of Joule heating in radiative Eyring-Powell nanofluid with Arrhenius activation energy and gyrotactic motile microorganisms.

Background: Bioconvection is the term for macroscopic convection of particles accompanied by a variable density gradient and a cluster of swimming microorganisms. The accumulation of gyrotactic microbes in the nanoparticles is important to exaggerate the thermal efficacy of various structures for instance, germs powered micro-churns, microbial fuel cubicles, micro-fluidics policies, and chip-designed micro plans like bio-microstructures. Purpose: Here approach in the current effort is to present an innovative study of bio-convection owing to gyrotactic microbes in a nanofluid comprising non-uniform heat source/sink, space and temperature-dependent viscosity and Joule dissipation. The physical constraints such as convective-surface and new mass flux conditions are examined for 3D Eyring-Powell magneto-radiative nanofluid via porous stretched sheet. Method: ology: Over suitable similarity alterations, the related non-linear flow, temperature, and concentration phenomena, equations are altered into non-linear equations. By combining the shooting methodology with the Runge-Kutta fourth-order technique is applied to get numerical solutions. A thorough investigation for the impact of important non-dimensional thermophysical parameters regulating flow characteristics is carried out. Motivation: Lots of the studies on nanofluids realize their performance therefore that they can be exploited where conventional heat transport development is paramount as in numerous engineering uses, micro-electronics, transportation in addition to foodstuff and bio-medicine. The gyrotactic microbes flow in nanofluids has attained great devotion amongst researchers and the scientist community because of its works in numerous areas of bio-technology. The benefits of counting nanoparticles in mobile microbe's deferral can be established in micro-scale involvement and stability of nanofluid. Significant results: For a few chosen parameters, the computed results for friction factor and transport for motile microorganism values are shown. The computed numerical results for parameters of engineering interest are given using tables. Furthermore, the recent solutions are stable with the former stated results and excellent association is found. The temperature of the fluid exaggerates for higher values of thermo-Biot and radiation parameter; however, Peclet and bio-convective Lewis's factor decay the motile microorganisms' field of Eyring-Powell fluid. The concentration field also enhances the activation energy parameter.

Non-similar bioconvective analysis of magnetized hybrid nanofluid (Ag + TiO2) flow over exponential stretching surface.

Scientists have studied fluid flow over a stretching sheet to explore its potential applications in industries. This study investigates the exponential stretching flow of a bioconvective magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) hybrid nanofluid in porous medium taking into consideration thermal radiations, heat generation, chemical reaction, porosity, and dissipation. Moreover, microorganisms are present in the fluid, so the fluid is more stable, which is crucial in biotechnology, biomicrosystems, and bio-nano coolant systems. Silver and titanium dioxide in a water-based medium are the prototypical nanoparticles. The present study involves a transformation of the governing system into a set of dimensionless, coupled and nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) using nonsimilar techniques. The local non-similarity (LNS) technique is used to truncate these equations to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). This technique is also used to estimate transformed equations numerically until the second level of truncation takes place via the bvp4c algorithm, which is a built-in MATLAB solver. Furthermore, tables are provided that presents the drag coefficients, Nusselt numbers, Sherwood numbers, and densities of motile microorganisms. Results show a negative correlation between the velocity and the magnetic field parameter as well as the porosity parameter, as evidenced by a decrease in velocity corresponds to rises in these parameters. The temperature distribution exhibits a positive correlation with the rising values of both radiation parameter and Eckert number. The concentration profiles also exhibit a negative correlation with the increasing values of Lewis and bioconvection Lewis number, chemical reaction parameter, Peclet number and the differences in microbial concentration. This study will improve the future research on hybrid nanofluid regarding industrial applications. There haven't been any previous publications that have investigated the use of this model with the local non-similarity method. The main objective of this article is to enhance the heat transfer performance in a hybrid nanofluid.

Analysis of Soret and Dufour effects on radiative heat transfer in hybrid bioconvective flow of carbon nanotubes.

Numerous heat transfer applications, such as heat exchangers, solar trough collectors, and fields including food processing, material research, and aerospace engineering, utilize hybrid nanofluids. Compared to conventional fluids, hybrid nanofluids exhibit significantly enhanced thermal conductivity. The aim of this work is to explore flow and heat transmission features under of magneto-hydrodynamic bioconvective flow of carbon nanotubes over the stretched surface with Dufour and Soret effects. Additionally, comparative dynamics of the carbon nanotubes (SWCMT - MWCNT/C2H6O2 with SWCMT - MWCNT/C2H6O2 - H2O) flow using the Prandtl fluid model in the presence of thermal radiation and motile microorganisms has been investigated. Novel feature Additionally, the focus is also to examine the presence of microorganisms in mixture base hybrid nanofluid. To examine heat transfer features of Prandtl hybrid nanofluid over the stretched surface convective heating is taken into consideration while modeling the boundary conditions. Suitable similarity transform has been employed to convert dimensional flow governing equations into dimensionless equations and solution of the problem has been obtained using effective, accurate and time saving bvp-4c technique in MATLAB. Velocity, temperature, concentration and microorganisms profiles have been demonstrated graphically under varying impact of various dimensionless parameters such as inclined magnetization, mixed convection, Dufour effect, Soret effect, thermal radiation effect, and bioconvection lewis number. It has been observed that raising values of magnetization (0.5 ≤ M ≤ 4), mixed convection (0.01 ≤ λ ≤ 0.05) and inclination angle (0° ≤ α ≤ 180°) enhance fluid motion rapidly in Ethylene glycol based Prandtl hybrid nanofluid (SWCMT - MWCNT/C2H6O2) when compared with mixture base working fluid of carbon nanotubes SWCMT - MWCNT/C2H6O2 - H2O). Raising thermal radiation (0.1 ≤ Rd ≤ 1.7) and Dufour number (0.1 ≤ Du ≤ 0.19) values improves temperature profile. Moreover, a good agreement has been found between the current outcome and existing literature for skin friction outcomes.

Drastic reorganization of the bioconvection pattern of Chlamydomonas: quantitative analysis of the pattern transition response.

Motile aquatic microorganisms are known to self-organize into bioconvection patterns. The swimming activity of a population of microorganisms leads to the emergence of macroscopic patterns of density under the influence of gravity. Although long-term development of the bioconvection pattern is important in order to elucidate the possible integration of physiological functions of individuals through bioconvection pattern formation, little quantitative investigation has been carried out. In the present paper, we present the first quantitative description of long-term behavior of bioconvection of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, particularly focusing on the 'pattern transition response'. The pattern transition response is a sudden breakdown of the steady bioconvection pattern followed by re-formation of the pattern with a decreased wavelength. We found three phases in the pattern formation of the bioconvection of C. reinhardtii: onset, steady-state 1 (before the transition) and steady-state 2 (after the transition). In onset, the wavelength of the bioconvection pattern increases with increasing depth, but not in steady-states 1 or 2. By means of the newly developed two-axis view method, we revealed that the population of C. reinhardtii moves toward the bottom of the experimental chamber just before the pattern transition. This indicates that the pattern transition response could be caused by enhancement of the gyrotaxis of C. reinhardtii as a result of the changes in the balance between the gravitactic and gyrotactic torques. We also found that the bioconvection pattern changes in response to the intensity of red-light illumination, to which C. reinhardtii is phototactically insensitive. These facts suggest that the bioconvection pattern has a potential to drastically reorganize its convection structure in response to the physiological processes under the influence of environmental cues.

Bioconvection pattern of Euglena under periodical illumination.

Microorganisms respond to environmental conditions and often spontaneously form highly ordered convection patterns. This mechanism has been well-studied from the viewpoint of self-organization. However, environmental conditions in nature are usually dynamic. Naturally, biological systems respond to temporal changes in environmental condition. To elucidate the response mechanisms in such a dynamic environment, we observed the bioconvection pattern of Euglena under periodical changes in illumination. It is known that Euglena shows localized bioconvection patterns under constant homogeneous illumination from the bottom. Periodical changes in light intensity induced two different types of spatiotemporal patterns: alternation of formation and decomposition over a long period and complicated transition of pattern over a short period. Our observations suggest that pattern formation in a periodically changing environment is of fundamental importance to the behavior of biological systems.

Motile bacteria leverage bioconvection for eco-physiological benefits in a natural aquatic environment.

Introduction: Bioconvection, a phenomenon characterized by the collective upward swimming of motile microorganisms, has mainly been investigated within controlled laboratory settings, leaving a knowledge gap regarding its ecological implications in natural aquatic environments. This study aims to address this question by investigating the influence of bioconvection on the eco-physiology of the anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria community of meromictic Lake Cadagno. Methods: Here we comprehensively explore its effects by comparing the physicochemical profiles of the water column and the physiological traits of the main populations of the bacterial layer (BL). The search for eco-physiological effects of bioconvection involved a comparative analysis between two time points during the warm season, one featuring bioconvection (July) and the other without it (September). Results: A prominent distinction in the physicochemical profiles of the water column centers on light availability, which is significantly higher in July. This minimum threshold of light intensity is essential for sustaining the physiological CO2 fixation activity of Chromatium okenii, the microorganism responsible for bioconvection. Furthermore, the turbulence generated by bioconvection redistributes sulfides to the upper region of the BL and displaces other microorganisms from their optimal ecological niches. Conclusion: The findings underscore the influence of bioconvection on the physiology of C. okenii and demonstrate its functional role in improving its metabolic advantage over coexisting phototrophic sulfur bacteria. However, additional research is necessary to confirm these results and to unravel the multiscale processes activated by C. okenii's motility mechanisms.

Magneto-bioconvection flow of Casson nanofluid configured by a rotating disk in the presence of gyrotatic microorganisms and Joule heating.

In this article, we investigate the bioconvection flow of Casson nanofluid by a rotating disk under the impacts of Joule heating, convective conditions, heat source/sink and gyrotactic microorganisms. When Brownian diffusion and thermophoretic effects exist, the Casson fluid is examined. The existing physical problem of Casson nanofluid flow with energy transports is demonstrated under the above considerations in the form of partial differential equations (PDEs). Using the appropriate transformations, the PDEs are converted into non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The mathematical results are calculated through MATLAB by using the function bvp4c. The problem's results are rigorously examined graphically and described with physical justifications. Velocity fields decrease as the bioconvection Rayleigh parameter rises. The thermal profile and soluteal field of species also magnify with an upsurge in thermophoresis number estimations. The microorganism's fields are decayed by larger microbes Biot number.

On the Bioconvective Aspect of Viscoelastic Micropolar Nanofluid Referring to Variable Thermal Conductivity and Thermo-Diffusion Characteristics.

The bioconvective flow of non-Newtonian fluid induced by a stretched surface under the aspects of combined magnetic and porous medium effects is the main focus of the current investigation. Unlike traditional aspects, here the viscoelastic behavior has been examined by a combination of both micropolar and second grade fluid. Further thermophoresis, Brownian motion and thermodiffusion aspects, along with variable thermal conductivity, have also been utilized for the boundary process. The solution of the nonlinear fundamental flow problem is figured out via convergent approach via Mathematica software. It is noted that this flow model is based on theoretical flow assumptions instead of any experimental data. The efficiency of the simulated solution has been determined by comparing with previously reported results. The engineering parameters' effects are computationally evaluated for some definite range.

Mixed convection and activation energy impacts on MHD bioconvective flow of nanofluid with irreversibility assessment.

In this communication irreversibility minimization in bio convective Walter's-B nanofluid flow by stretching sheet is studied. Suspended nanoparticles in Walter's-B fluid are stabilized by utilizing microorganisms. Total irreversibility is obtained via thermodynamics second law. The influences of applied magnetic field, radiation, Joule heating and activation energy are accounted in momentum, temperature and concentration equations. Furthermore thermophoresis and Brownian movement impacts are also accounted in concentration and temperature expressions. The flow governing dimensional equations are altered into dimensionless ones adopting transformation procedure. Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) code in Mathematica is implemented to get the convergent series solution. The influences of important flow variables on temperature, velocity, motile density, irreversibility, mass concentration, Bejan number and physical quantities are analyzed graphically. The obtained results revel that the velocity profile decreases for escalating magnetic parameter and Forchheimer number. Entropy generation is increased for higher Brinkman variable while Bejan number declines versus Brinkman variable. The important observations are given at the end.

Numerical study for bioconvection peristaltic flow of Sisko nanofluid with Joule heating and thermal radiation.

Present work describes the peristaltic flow of Sisko nanomaterial with bioconvection and gyrotactic microorganisms. Slip conditions are incorporated through elastic channel walls. Additionally, we considered the aspects of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation. Further ohmic heating features are also present in the thermal field. Buongiorno's nanofluid model comprising thermophoresis and Brownian movement is taken. The lubrication approach is utilized for the simplification of the problem. Being highly coupled and nonlinear, the resulting system of equations must be solved numerically using the NDSolve technique and bvp4c via Matlab. Velocity, concentration, thermal field and motile microorganisms. are addressed graphically.