Local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) - Should we not be concerned?

Local anesthetics are one of the most commonly used drugs in the field of medicine. Yet little is known about the systemic toxicity that can occur with their overdose. In the last few years, a lot of research has taken place understanding the etiology of the Local anesthetics systemic toxicity (LAST) and the role of lipid emulsion in treating it. There is a need to increase the awareness about LAST and establish a protocol to treat any serious neuro or cardiotoxicity.

Local Anesthetic Plasma Concentrations as a Valuable Tool to Confirm the Diagnosis of Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity? A Report of 10 Years of Experience.

BACKGROUND: Local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) has been reported as a serious complication of local anesthetic (LA) peripheral injection. The signs and symptoms of LAST are highly variable, and the challenge remains to confirm its diagnosis. In this context, the determination of LA plasma concentration appears as a valuable tool to confirm LAST diagnosis. The aims of this study were to describe observed LA concentrations in patients suspected with LAST and their contribution to diagnostic confirmation. METHODS: We retrospectively reported suspected LAST in patients for which at least one plasma LA concentration was determined to confirm diagnosis of LAST. Data collection came from our pharmacological laboratory's database. Clinical signs and symptoms of toxicity, their onset time and observed LA concentrations were used to confirm LAST diagnosis. RESULTS: 33 patients who presented with suspected LAST after ropivacaine and/or lidocaine administration were included. Prodromal symptoms were observed in 13 patients. Isolated central nervous system (CNS) toxicity occurred in 11 patients, and combined CNS and cardiovascular toxicity occurred in 12. One, two or three venous plasma samples were performed in 11, 3 and 19 patients, respectively. Toxic plasma LA concentrations were observed in three patients, receiving peripheral LA injection using lidocaine (16.1 µg/mL) and ropivacaine (4.2 and 4.8 µg/mL). CONCLUSION: This study presents an important biological and clinical dataset of patients who presented with suspected LAST. Plasma LA concentrations could bring valuable information in the diagnosis of LAST but requires rigorous sample protocols.