Trauma Laparoscopy: Time Efficient, Cost Effective, and Safe.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopy has demonstrated improved outcomes in abdominal surgery; however, its use in trauma has been less compelling. In this study, we hypothesize that laparoscopy may be observed to have lower costs and complications with similar operative times compared to open exploration in appropriately selected patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed adult patients undergoing abdominal exploration after blunt and penetrating trauma at our level 1 center from 2008 to 2020. Data included mechanism, operative time, length of stay (LOS), hospital charges, and complications. Patients were grouped as follows: therapeutic and nontherapeutic diagnostic laparoscopy and celiotomy. Therapeutic procedures included suture repair of hollow viscus organs or diaphragm, evacuation of hematoma, and hemorrhage control of solid organ or mesenteric injury. Unstable patients, repair of major vascular injuries or resection of an organ or bowel were excluded. RESULTS: Two hundred ninety-six patients were included with comparable demographics. Diagnostic laparoscopy had shorter operative times, LOS, and lower hospital charges compared to diagnostic celiotomy controls. Similarly, therapeutic laparoscopy had shorter LOS and lower hospital costs compared to therapeutic celiotomy. The operative time was not statistically different in this comparison. Patients in the celiotomy groups had more postoperative complications. The differences in operative time, LOS and hospital charges were not statistically significant in the diagnostic laparoscopy compared to diagnostic laparoscopy converted to diagnostic celiotomy group, nor in the therapeutic laparoscopy compared to the diagnostic laparoscopy converted to therapeutic laparoscopy group. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy can be used safely in penetrating and blunt abdominal trauma. In this cohort, laparoscopy was observed to have shorter operative times and LOS with lower hospital charges and fewer complications.

The Next Generation: Surgeon Learning Curve in a Mature Operative Rib Management Program.

INTRODUCTION: Prior work has demonstrated utility in using operative time to measure surgeon learning for surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF); however, no studies have used operative time to evaluate the benefit of proctoring in subsequent generations of surgeons. We sought to evaluate whether there is a difference in learning between an original series (TOS) of self-taught surgeons versus the next generation (TNG) of proctored surgeons using cumulative summation (CUSUM) analysis. We hypothesized that TNG would have a comparatively accelerated learning curve. METHODS: A single-center retrospective review of all SSRF at a level 1 trauma center was performed. Data were collected from the beginning of an operative chest injury program to include at least 2 y of TNG experience. Operative time was used to determine success and misstep based on prior methods. Learning curves using CUSUM analysis were calculated based on an anticipated success rate of 90% and compared between TOS and TNG groups. RESULTS: Over 7 y, 163 patients with a median Injury Severity Score of 24 underwent SSRF. Median operative time was 165 min with a 0.5 plate-to-fracture ratio. All three TOS surgeons experienced a positive slope indicative of early missteps for their first 15-20 cases. By contrast, all three TNG surgeons demonstrated a series of early successes resulting in negative CUSUM slopes which coincided with a period of proctoring. By the end of TNG series, the composite cumulative score was less than half of the TOS surgeon' scores. CONCLUSIONS: Operative time continues to be a useful surrogate for observing SSRF learning curves. In a mature institutional program, proctored novice surgeons appear to have an accelerated learning curve compared to novice surgeons developing a new operative rib program.

Longer Operative Time for Lower Extremity Bypass Surgery is Associated With Inferior Outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to assess the association of operative time with the postoperative length of stay and unplanned return to the operating room in patients undergoing femoral to below knee popliteal bypasses, stratified by autologous vein graft or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of vascular quality initiative database (2003-2021). The selected patients were grouped into the following: vein bypass (group I) and PTFE (group II) patients. Each group was further stratified by a median split of operative time (i.e., 210 min for autologous vein and 155 min for PTFE) to study the outcomes. The outcomes were assessed by univariate and multivariate approach. RESULTS: Of the 10,902 patients studied, 3570 (32.7%) were in the autologous vein group, while 7332 (67.3%) were in the PTFE group. Univariate analysis revealed autologous vein and PTFE graft recipients that had increased operative times were associated with a longer mean postoperative length of stay and a higher incidence of all-cause return to the operating room. In PTFE group, patients with prolonged operative times were also found to be associated with higher incidence of major amputation, surgical site infection, and cardiovascular events, along with loss of primary patency within a year. CONCLUSIONS: For patients undergoing femoral to below knee popliteal bypasses using an autologous vein or PTFE, longer operative times were associated with inferior outcomes. Mortality was not found to be associated with prolonged operative time.

Is Night Surgery a Nightmare for Lung Transplantation?

Night work is frequently associated with sleep deprivation and is associated with greater surgical and medical complications. Lung transplantation (LT) is carried out both at night and during the day and involves many medical healthcare workers. The goal of the study was to compare morbidity and mortality between LT recipients according to LT operative time. We performed a retrospective, observational, single-center study. When the procedure started between 6 AM and 6 PM, the patient was allocated to the Daytime group. If the procedure started between 6 PM and 6 AM, the patient was allocated to the Nighttime group. Between January 2015 and December 2020, 253 patients were included. A total of 168 (66%) patients were classified into the Day group, and 85 (34%) patients were classified into the Night group. Lung Donors' general characteristics were similar between the groups. The 90-day and one-year mortality rates were similar between the groups (90-days: n = 13 (15%) vs. n = 26 (15%), p = 0.970; 1 year: n = 18 (21%) vs. n = 42 (25%), p = 0.499). Daytime LT was associated with more one-year airway dehiscence (n = 36 (21%) vs. n = 6 (7.1%), p = 0.004). In conclusion, among patients who underwent LT, there was no significant association between operative time and survival.

Impact of operative time on textbook outcome after minimally invasive esophagectomy, a risk-adjusted analysis from a high-volume center.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to study the impact of operative time on textbook outcome (TO), especially postoperative complications and length of postoperative stay in minimally invasive esophagectomy. METHODS: Patients undergoing esophagectomy for curative intent within a prospectively maintained database from 2016 to 2022 were retrieved. Relationships between operative time and outcomes were quantified using multivariable mixed-effects models with medical teams random effects. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) plotting was used to characterize correlation between operative time and the odds for achieving TO. RESULTS: Data of 2210 patients were examined. Median operative time was 270 mins (interquartile range, 233-313) for all cases. Overall, 902 patients (40.8%) achieved TO. Among non-TO patients, 226 patients (10.2%) had a major complication (grade ≥ III), 433 patients (19.6%) stayed postoperatively longer than 14 days. Multivariable analysis revealed operative time was associated with higher odds of major complications (odds ratio 1.005, P < 0.001) and prolonged postoperative stay (≥ 14 days) (odds ratio 1.003, P = 0.006). The relationship between operative time and TO exhibited an inverse-U shape, with 298 mins identified as the tipping point for the highest odds of achieving TO. CONCLUSIONS: Longer operative time displayed an adverse influence on postoperative morbidity and increased lengths of postoperative stay. In the present study, the TO displayed an inverse U-shaped correlation with operative time, with a significant peak at 298 mins. Potential factors contributing to prolonged operative time may potentiate targets for quality metrics and risk-adjustment process.

Hospital volume-outcome relationships for robot-assisted surgeries: a population-based analysis.

BACKGROUND: Associations between procedure volumes and outcomes can inform minimum volume standards and the regionalization of health services. Robot-assisted surgery continues to expand globally; however, data are limited regarding which hospitals should be using the technology. STUDY DESIGN: Using administrative health data for all residents of Ontario, Canada, this retrospective cohort study included adult patients who underwent a robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), total robotic hysterectomy (TRH), robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN), or robotic portal lobectomy using 4 arms (RPL-4) between January 2010 and September 2021. Associations between yearly hospital volumes and 90-day major complications were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for patient characteristics and clustering at the level of the hospital. RESULTS: A total of 10,879 patients were included, with 7567, 1776, 724, and 812 undergoing a RARP, TRH, RAPN, and RPL-4, respectively. Yearly hospital volume was not associated with 90-day complications for any procedure. Doubling of yearly volume was associated with a 17-min decrease in operative time for RARP (95% confidence interval [CI] - 23 to - 10), 8-min decrease for RAPN (95% CI - 14 to - 2), 24-min decrease for RPL-4 (95% CI - 29 to - 19), and no significant change for TRH (- 7 min; 95% CI - 17 to 3). CONCLUSION: The risk of 90-day major complications does not appear to be higher in low volume hospitals; however, they may not be as efficient with operating room utilization. Careful case selection may have contributed to the lack of an observed association between volumes and complications.

Hospital learning curves for robot-assisted surgeries: a population-based analysis.

BACKGROUND: Robot-assisted surgery has been rapidly adopted. It is important to define the learning curve to inform credentialling requirements, training programs, identify fast and slow learners, and protect patients. This study aimed to characterize the hospital learning curve for common robot-assisted procedures. STUDY DESIGN: This cohort study, using administrative health data for Ontario, Canada, included adult patients who underwent a robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), total robotic hysterectomy (TRH), robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN), or robotic portal lobectomy using four arms (RPL-4) between 2010 and 2021. The association between cumulative hospital volume of a robot-assisted procedure and major complications was evaluated using multivariable logistic models adjusted for patient characteristics and clustering at the hospital level. RESULTS: A total of 6814 patients were included, with 5230, 543, 465, and 576 patients in the RARP, TRH, RAPN, and RPL-4 cohorts, respectively. There was no association between cumulative hospital volume and major complications. Visual inspection of learning curves demonstrated a transient worsening of outcomes followed by subsequent improvements with experience. Operative time decreased for all procedures with increasing volume and reached plateaus after approximately 300 RARPs, 75 TRHs, and 150 RPL-4s. The odds of a prolonged length of stay decreased with increasing volume for patients undergoing a RARP (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.82-0.92) or RPL-4 (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.68-0.87). CONCLUSION: Hospitals may adopt robot-assisted surgery without significantly increasing the risk of major complications for patients early in the learning curve and with an expectation of increasing efficiency.

Predictors of surgical difficulty according to surgical proficiency in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

BACKGROUND: Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is a standard treatment for localized prostate cancer. We previously reported that a large amount of pelvic visceral fat and a small working space, as measured by three-dimensional image analysis, were significantly associated with prolonged console time in RARP, and these factors could be alternatives to the more clinically practical body mass index (BMI) and pelvic width (PW), respectively. Herein, we further investigated whether surgical proficiency affected surgical difficulty as measured by console time. METHODS: Medical records of 413 patients who underwent RARP between 2014 and 2020 at our institution were reviewed. Surgeons who had experience with over and under 100 cases were defined as "experienced" and "non-experienced," respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors that prolonged console time. RESULTS: The median console times for RARP by experienced and non-experienced surgeons were 87.5 and 149.0 min, respectively; a difficult case was defined as one requiring time greater than the median. Among inexperienced surgeons, higher BMI (p < 0.001, odds ratio: 1.89) and smaller PW (p = 0.001, odds ratio: 1.86) were significant factors that increased console time; the complication rate was increased in patients with these factors. However, these factors did not significantly affect the console time or complication rate among experienced surgeons. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that experienced surgeons may be able to overcome obesity- and small workspace-related surgical difficulties. The current analysis may provide useful information regarding unpredictable surgical risks and identify suitable cases for novices.

Anatomical factor associated with thoracic procedural difficulty in robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy.

BACKGROUND: Robotic surgical systems with full articulation of instruments, tremor filtering, and motion scaling can potentially overcome the procedural difficulties in endoscopic surgeries. However, whether robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) can overcome anatomical difficulties during thoracoscopic esophagectomy remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the anatomical and clinical factors that influence the difficulty of RAMIE in the thoracic region. METHODS: Forty-five patients who underwent curative-intent RAMIE with upper mediastinal lymph node dissection for esophageal cancer were included. Using preoperative computed tomography images, we calculated previously reported anatomical indices to assess the upper mediastinal narrowness and vertebral body projections in the middle thoracic region. The factors influencing thoracic operative time were then investigated. RESULTS: During the thoracic procedure, the median operative time was 215 (124-367) min and the median blood loss was 20 (5-190) mL. Postoperatively, pneumonia, anastomotic leakage, and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred in 17.8%, 2.2%, and 6.7% of the patients, respectively. The multiple linear regression model revealed that a narrow upper mediastinum and greater blood loss during the thoracic procedure were significant factors associated with a prolonged thoracic operative time (P = 0.025 and P < 0.001, respectively). Upper mediastinal narrowing was not associated with postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: A narrow upper mediastinum was significantly associated with a prolonged thoracic operative time in patients with RAMIE.

Real-world evidence of heparin and citrate use in extracorporeal photopheresis: A hypothesis-generating data review of device settings and performance.

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is widely used for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, graft-vs-host disease, and other immune-related conditions. To avoid clotting during treatment, the ECP system used must be effectively primed with an anticoagulant. Heparin is the recommended anticoagulant for the THERAKOS CELLEX System, but acid citrate dextrose-A (ACDA) is often used. We compared system performance between these two anticoagulants for this ECP system. Deidentified data for ECP device performance were obtained at each treatment session, from automatically logged Smart Cards or labels completed by device operators. We compared the effects of ACDA or heparin on overall treatment duration, buffy coat (leukocyte) collection time, photoactivation time and the number of alarms and warnings. The variability in these parameters was also assessed. Data from 23 334 treat sessions were analyzed; ACDA was used in 34.4% and heparin in 65.6%. Overall, the ECP procedure duration, buffy coat collection time and photoactivation time were numerically similar regardless of whether ACDA or heparin was used, and regardless of needle mode. Photoactivation time variability was lower with ACDA compared with heparin in all needle modes. Among treatments that were completed automatically without any operator intervention, total treatment duration and photoactivation time were significantly reduced with ACDA use in both the double- and single-needle modes. The data presented indicate that, in both double- and single-needle modes, the THERAKOS® CELLEX® integrated ECP system performed similarly with ACDA compared to heparin, although ACDA demonstrated potential benefits in reducing variability in photoactivation time.

Operative Time and Accrual of Postoperative Complications in Minimally Invasive Versus Open Myomectomy.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence and accrual of 30-day postoperative complications by operative time for open myomectomy (OM) and minimally invasive myomectomy (MIM). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study SETTING: Hospitals participating in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from January 2015 to December 2021. PATIENTS: Female patients aged ≥18 years undergoing OM or MIM. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were categorized into OM and MIM cohorts. Covariates associated with operative time and composite complications were identified using general linear model and chi-square or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Adjusted spline regression was performed as a test of linearity between operative time and composite complications. Adjusted risk ratios of 30-day postoperative individual, minor, major, and composite complications by 60-minute operative time increments were estimated using Poisson regression with robust error variance. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 27 728 patients, 11 071 underwent MIM and 16 657 underwent OM. Mean operative times (SD) were 164.6 (82.0) for MIM and 129.2 (67.0) for OM. Raw composite complication rates were 5.5% for MIM and 15.8% for OM. Adjusted spline regression demonstrated linearity between operative time and relative risk of composite postoperative complications for both MIM and OM. MIM had higher adjusted relative risk (aRR, 95% CI) compared to OM of blood transfusion (1.55, 1.45-1.64 versus 1.29, 1.25-1.34), overall minor complications (1.13, 1.03-1.23 versus 1.01, 0.92-1.10), and overall major complications (1.43, 1.35-1.51 versus 1.27, 1.12-1.32). Operative time had greater impact on risk of composite complications for MIM than OM, reaching aRR 2.0 at 296 minutes versus 461 minutes for OM. CONCLUSION: OM has a higher overall rate of composite, minor, and major complications compared to MIM. While operative time is independently and linearly associated with postoperative complications with myomectomy regardless of approach, optimizing surgical efficiency for MIM may be more critical than for OM.

Analysis of duration of different stages of surgery in posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients: comparison between severe versus non-severe AIS.

PURPOSE: Prolonged surgical duration in severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients is associated with increased blood loss and perioperative complications. The aim of this study was to compare the duration of each stage of posterior spinal fusion (PSF) in severe AIS (Cobb angle ≥ 90°) with non-severe AIS patients. This analysis will identify the most time-consuming stage of PSF and help surgeons formulate strategies to shorten operative time. METHODS: Retrospective study whereby 90 AIS patients (Lenke type 2, 3, 4, and 6) who underwent PSF from 2019 to 2023 were recruited. Twenty-five severe AIS patients were categorized in Gp1 and 65 non-severe AIS patients in Gp2. Propensity score matching (PSM) with one-to-one with nearest neighbor matching (match tolerance 0.05) was performed. Outcomes measured via operation duration of each stage of surgery, blood loss, number of screws, fusion levels and screw density. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients from each group were matched. Total operative time was significantly higher in Gp1 (168.2 ± 30.8 vs. 133.3 ± 24.0 min, p < 0.001). The lengthiest stage was screw insertion which took 58.5 ± 13.4 min in Gp1 and 44.7 ± 13.7 min in Gp2 (p = 0.001). Screw insertion contributed 39.5% of the overall increased surgical duration in Gp1. Intraoperative blood loss (1022.2 ± 412.5 vs. 714.2 ± 206.7 mL, p = 0.002), number of screws (17.1 ± 1.5 vs. 15.5 ± 1.1, p < 0.001) and fusion level (13.1 ± 0.9 vs. 12.5 ± 1.0, p = 0.026) were significantly higher in Gp1. CONCLUSION: Screw insertion was the most time-consuming stage of PSF and was significantly longer in severe AIS. Adjunct technologies such as CT-guided navigation and robotic-assisted navigation should be considered to reduce screw insertion time in severe AIS.

Factors contributing to prolonged operative time for laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed by trainee surgeons: a retrospective single-center study.

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for a benign disease is often the initial endoscopic surgery performed by trainee surgeons. However, a lack of surgical experience is associated with prolonged operative times, which may increase the risk of postoperative complications and poor outcomes. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with prolonged operative times for laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed by inexperienced surgeons. METHODS: This retrospective single-center study was conducted between January 2018 and December 2023. We performed a multivariate analysis to identify the factors associated with prolonged operative time by analyzing elective cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed by surgeons with limited experience. RESULTS: The study included 323 patients, subjected to a median operative time of 89 min. Multivariate analysis identified that patient characteristics such as male sex, increased body mass index, and a history of conservative treatment for cholecystitis, as well as operating surgeon's post-graduation years (< 4 years), and an attending surgeon without endoscopic surgical skill certification from the Japan Society of Endoscopic Surgery, were independent risk factors for a prolonged operative time. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that endoscopic surgical skill-certified attending surgeons have excellent coaching skills and mitigate the operative time for elective cholecystectomy.

Factors prolonging the operative time for transumbilical laparoscopic-assisted appendectomy in pediatric patients: a retrospective single-center study.

PURPOSE: Transumbilical laparoscopic-assisted appendectomy (TULAA) is one of the first endoscopic surgeries performed by trainee pediatric surgeons. While the operative time is generally shorter than for conventional laparoscopic appendectomy, the indications for this procedure are unclear and many unknown factors can prolong the operative time. We conducted this study to identify the factors that may prolong the operative time for TULAA. METHODS: This retrospective, single-center study was conducted between 2015 and 2023. We performed multivariate analysis to identify the factors associated with prolonged operative time by analyzing TULAA procedures performed by trainees. RESULTS: The study included 243 patients. The median operative time was 84 min (interquartile range, 69-114 min). Multivariate analysis revealed that an increased body mass index, elevated C-reactive protein level, a history of conservative treatment for acute appendicitis, and appendix perforation, for the patient; < 6 years' experience since graduation for the operating surgeon; and lack of board certification as a supervisor from the Japanese Society of Pediatric Surgeons for the attending surgeon were independent risk factors for prolonging the operative time. CONCLUSION: Having an attending surgeon with board certification as a supervisor by the Japanese Society of Pediatric Surgeons contributes to reducing the operative time required for TULAA.

Factors affecting the short-term outcomes of robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer.

PURPOSE: Robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) is a relatively new approach to lung cancer surgery. To promote the development of RATS procedures, we investigated the factors related to short-term postoperative outcomes. METHODS: We analyzed the records of patients who underwent RATS lobectomy for primary lung cancer at our institution between June, 2018 and January, 2023. The primary outcome was operative time, and the estimated value of surgery-related factors was calculated by linear regression analysis. The secondary outcome was surgical morbidity and the risk was assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The study cohort comprised 238 patients. Left upper lobectomy had the longest mean operative time, followed by right upper lobectomy. Postoperative complications occurred in 13.0% of the patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that upper lobectomy, the number of staples used for interlobular fissures, and the number of cases experienced by the surgeon were significantly associated with a longer operative time. The only significant risk factor for postoperative complications was heavy smoking. CONCLUSION: Patients with well-lobulated middle or lower lobe lung cancer who are not heavy smokers are recommended for the introductory period of RATS lobectomy. Improving the procedures for upper lobectomy and dividing incomplete interlobular fissures will promote the further development of RATS.

Is there a preferred time interval between gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist trigger and oocyte retrieval in GnRH antagonist cycles? A retrospective cohort of planned fertility preservation cycles.

BACKGROUND: The ideal time frame between gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (GnRHa) trigger administration and oocyte retrieval in GnRH antagonist cycles has not been well studied. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of this time interval on oocyte yield and oocyte maturation rate in GnRH antagonist cycles designated for non-medical ("planned") oocyte cryopreservation. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including patients who underwent elective fertility preservation, using the GnRH antagonist protocol and exclusively triggered by GnRH-agonist. We focused on the effect of the trigger-to-retrieval time interval on oocyte yield and maturation rate, while also incorporating age, body mass index (BMI), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, basal Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) levels, as well as the type and dosage of gonadotropin FSH medication. RESULTS: 438 cycles were included. Trigger-to-retrieval time interval ranged from 32.03 to 39.92 h. The mean oocyte yield showed no statistically significant difference when comparing retrievals < 36 h (n = 240, 11.86 ± 8.6) to those triggered at ≥ 36 h (n = 198, 12.24 ± 7.73) (P = 0.6). Upon dividing the cohort into four-time quartiles, no significant differences in the number of retrieved oocytes were observed (P = 0.54). Multivariate regression analysis failed to reveal any significant associations between the interval and the aforementioned variables. CONCLUSIONS: The GnRHa trigger to oocyte retrieval interval range in our cohort did not significantly affect oocyte yield and maturation rate.

Surgical outcomes and predictive value for major complications of robot-assisted radical cystectomy of real-world data in a single institution in Japan.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to describe the surgical outcome of robot-assisted radical cystectomy and predictive factors for major complications in real-world clinical practice at a single institution in Japan. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 208 consecutive patients undergoing robot-assisted radical cystectomy at our institution between 2019 and 2023. Patient and disease characteristics, intraoperative details, and perioperative outcomes were reviewed. Postoperative complications were defined as minor complications (Clavien-Dindo grades 1-2) or major complications (grades 3-5). Predictors of complications were examined using multivariable logistic analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 147 men and 61 women, median age 70 years (interquartile range, 62-77), were included in this study. Median operative time and estimated blood loss were 8.4 h and 185 mL, respectively; 11 patients (5%) received intraoperative blood transfusions. For urinary diversions, ileal conduit, neobladder, and cutaneous ureterostomy were performed in 153 (74%), 49 (24%), and 6 (3%) patients, respectively. Urinary diversions were primarily performed with extracorporeal urinary diversion. In total, 140 complications occurred in 111 patients (53%) within 30 days. Of these patients, 31 major complications occurred in 28 patients, and one perioperative death (0.5%) with a postoperative cardiovascular event. Multivariable analysis showed only prolonged operative time (odds ratio: 4.34, 95% confidence interval: 1.82-10.35, p < 0.01) was the independent risk factor for major complications. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports surgical outcomes at our single institution. Prolonged operative time was a significant prognostic factor for major complications. As far as we know, this study reports the largest number of robot-assisted radical cystectomy cases at a single center in Japan.

Influence of preoperative antituberculosis chemotherapy duration on perioperative complications in patients treated with epididymectomy for epididymal tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the influence of preoperative antituberculosis chemotherapy duration on perioperative epididymectomy complications in patients with epididymal tuberculosis (ETB). METHODS: This retrospective study examined patients with ETB between January 1, 2013, and March 31, 2023, who underwent unilateral epididymectomy at our hospital. We selected preoperative antituberculosis chemotherapy duration of 2, 4, and 8 weeks as the cutoffs for this study, to explore whether there are differences in the incidence of intraoperative and 30-day postoperative complications among the patients with different preoperative antituberculosis chemotherapy durations. Intraoperative complications were graded according to the Satava classification, and 30-day postoperative complications were defined according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. The study groups were compared using the unpaired t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Pearson's chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. RESULTS: Overall, 155 patients were included. Statistical analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in the incidence of intraoperative and 30-day postoperative complications between patients with shorter preoperative antituberculosis chemotherapy duration and those with longer preoperative antituberculosis chemotherapy duration. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with ETB, preoperative antituberculosis chemotherapy duration did not significantly affect the incidence of perioperative complications after epididymectomy.

Tranexamic acid in bleeding reduction and operative time of nasal surgeries: systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Our study goal is to review the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss and operative time in nasal surgeries. METHODS: We included randomized clinical trials using oral or intravenous tranexamic acid, excluded non-randomized studies, topic administration, coagulopathy, and using other drugs interfering in the coagulation cascade. Online databases, National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE-PubMED), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (Lilacs), Cochrane Library, Embase and Google Scholar were used to perform the search. The review was registered in PROSPERO by no CRD42022310977. Two authors, independently, selected the articles meeting the inclusion criteria. They extracted the data and used RevMan 5 software to perform the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Our search resulted in 16 RCTs that were included in the meta-analysis totalizing 1108 patients. Studies were evaluated resulting in a low risk of bias for the five domains. The use of tranexamic acid resulted in significant reduction in duration of surgery (DOS) and intraoperative blood loss (IBL) had significant reduction. The level of evidence according to GRADE System was high in all studies and variables. CONCLUSION: Tranexamic acid has an important role in reducing intraoperative blood loss and duration of surgery. Our study has some limitations due to the low number of RCTs available in the literature.

A Novel Endoscopic Approach for Treating Breast Cancer: Haigui-1 Hole.

OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic surgery is an effective technique for preserving the nipple and areola, as well as for sentinel lymph node biopsy and breast implant reconstruction. However, the technical challenges associated with endoscopic surgery have limited its widespread adoption. METHODS: In the normal single-port endoscopic surgery, the ultrasonic knife was accessed through the retractor. In our modified procedure, a tiny 5 mm incision was made at the lateral margin underneath the breast, serving as the second entry port for the ultrasonic scalpel, which was referred to as the "Haigui-1 hole". Preoperative and postoperative indicators such as blood loss, operative time, and postoperative drainage volume were collected. Differences between parameters were compared using Student's t test. RESULTS: Endoscopic surgery with the assistance of the "Haigui-1 hole" led to preserved breast aesthetics with minimal scarring. Moreover, "Haigui-1 hole" surgery significantly reduced the operation time, intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative drainage volume compared to normal single-port endoscopic surgery. CONCLUSION: The "Haigui-1 hole" procedure, which involves the addition of a second entrance to improve the maneuverability of the ultrasonic knife, is worthy of further promotion.