A case report of human infection with avian influenza H10N3 with a complex respiratory disease history.

BACKGROUND: On March 16th 2024, the first case of Human infection with avian influenza H10N3 since the end of the global COVID-19 Pandemic was reported in Kunming, China. To enhance comprehension of the source of infection and risk factors of the H10N3 virus infection, this case report summarizes the clinical features, epidemiological investigation, and laboratory test results. Provides recommendations for the prevention and control of Human infection with avian influenza H10N3. CASE PRESENTATION: A 51-year-old male with a history of COVID-19 infection and a smoking habit of 30 years, worked in livestock breeding and was exposed to sick and dead poultry before falling ill with fever and chills on 28th February 2024. A week later, he was diagnosed with severe pneumonia, influenza, and respiratory failure by the Third People's Hospital of Kunming(KM-TPH). He was discharged on 17th April and none of his 6 close contacts showed any symptoms of illness. Environmental samples taken from the epidemic spot revealed that peacock feces tested positive for avian influenza sub-type H9 and waterfowl specimens showed positive results for avian influenza sub-type H5. Gene sequencing conducted on positive specimens from the patient's respiratory tract by the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) showed a high degree of similarity (98.6-99.5%) with the strain responsible for the second global case of human infected with H10N3 (reported from Zhejiang, China 2022). CONCLUSIONS: According to the available epidemiological information, there is limited evidence to suggest that H10N3 viruses are excessively lethal. However, adaptive site mutations have been observed in the H10N3 isoform of mammals. While it is unlikely that the H10N3 virus will spread among humans, the possibility of additional cases cannot be entirely ruled out. Symptoms of human infection with H10N3 avian influenza are similar to those of common respiratory infections, which may result in them being overlooked during initial clinical consultations. Therefore, it is essential to improve surveillance of the H10 sub-type of avian influenza and to increase the awareness of hospital-related workers of cases of pneumonia of unknown origin.

Satisfaction Survey of Medical Staff for Telemedicine after the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison Between the COVID-Pandemic and Post-COVID Pandemic Periods.

Introduction: The role of telemedicine should be reassessed in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. This study aimed to evaluate the perception and satisfaction of medical staff with telemedicine after the COVID-19 pandemic and compare these findings with those during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Between January and February 2023, a questionnaire regarding the utilization, safety, and satisfaction with telemedicine was administered to 200 medical staff members (100 doctors and 100 nurses). Additionally, open-ended questions were included to gather insights on the strengths, weaknesses, and prerequisites of telemedicine. The satisfaction levels of the medical staff were compared with those from a previous study conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The response rate among medical staff was 60.0% (50 doctors and 70 nurses). Concerning patient safety, 83.3% of respondents indicated a risk of worsening symptoms in chronic patients, and 68.3% expressed concerns about emergencies related to patient safety. Eighty-two percent of doctors preferred in-person visits over telemedicine, while 48.6% of nurses reported equal or greater satisfaction with telemedicine (p = 0.003). The reported strengths of telemedicine included the convenience of outpatient clinics (67%), while its primary weakness was the incomplete assessment of patient conditions (73%). The likelihood of partial substitution of telemedicine for in-person visits was significantly higher in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period compared to during the pandemic (71.7% vs. 49.0%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, telemedicine continues to offer significant benefits in enhancing patient access to medical care. However, medical staff remain concerned about its safety and show lower satisfaction compared to in-person visits. In response to these concerns, an effective telemedicine platform and legal standards, including practical guidelines, should be developed.

What does the China's economic recovery after COVID-19 pandemic mean for the economic growth and energy consumption of other countries?

China is the first major economy to show a recovery after a slowdown induced by the COVID-19 pandemic. This work aims to explore what the China's economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic means for the economic growth and energy consumption of the other countries using the global VAR quarterly data. In the long term, spillover effects of China's economic growth have the most obvious impact on upper-middle-income countries' economic growth (0.17%), followed by the economic growth of lower-middle-income countries (0.16%) and high-income countries (0.15%). However, the spillover effect of China's economic growth has the most significant impact on energy consumption in high-income countries (0.11%-0.45%), followed by energy consumption in upper-middle-income countries (0.08%-0.33%) and in lower-middle-income countries (-0.02%-0.05%). Our results indicate upper-middle-income countries will benefit the most from China's economic recovery post-COVID-19, followed by lower-middle-income countries and high-income countries. The spillover effect of China's economic recovery post-COVID-19 brings the most obvious impact on the increase in energy consumption in high-income countries, followed by middle-income countries. It also should be noted that the spillover effect of China's economic growth does not necessarily lead to an increase in energy consumption lower-middle-income countries. Generally, the spillover effect of China's economic recovery on other countries' economic growth is much more than other countries' energy consumption.

Post-pandemic trends: Epidemiological and etiological insights into acute respiratory infections in southern China.

Data on people suspected with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) from August 2022 to December 2023 in southern China were analyzed. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the positive detection rates of respiratory pathogens increased to 56.9%. Influenza A virus (IAV) emerged as the predominant prevalence pathogen (52.1%), followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp: 21.2%), and SARS-CoV-2 (11.6%). Mp, IAV, and Human rhinovirus (HRV) infection were the primary etiologies of ARIs patients under age 18, accounting for 49.4%, 48.6%, and 21.7%, respectively. Mp, HRV, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and Adenovirus (ADV) contributed to ARIs cases in virtually every month in this group, with Mp being particularly notable for its consistent presence and high co-infection rate (31.0%). IAV was predominant in the 19 to 59 age group (88.6%), SARS-CoV-2 was responsible for most of ARIs in the elderly group (82.5%). This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic nature of respiratory pathogens post COVID-19 era.

Effect of vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on anxiety and sleep disturbances among elderly health care workers in the post COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been significantly impacted by the pandemic. Elderly health care workers carry out a variety of duties at work and have years of clinical expertise. Anxiety and insomnia are among the more commonly encountered problems in senior physicians and other geriatric medical professional populations. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to determine the effect of vagal nerve stimulation on anxiety and sleep disturbances among geriatric medical professionals. METHODS: 42 participants were enrolled in this study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were divided into two groups using the closed envelope approach, and they took part in therapy sessions lasting 30 minutes, three times per week for a period of four weeks. The Experimental group A received non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS) and Control group A received Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation technique. RESULTS: With a p value of 0.001, taVNS stimulation significantly improved sleep quality and reduced anxiety after 4 weeks. The post-intervention assessment revealed a highly significant improvement in Group A, with a T value of 251 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that taVNS may be an effective intervention for addressing anxiety and sleep issues in geriatric medical professionals. These results contribute to the exploration of non-invasive strategies to enhance the well-being of healthcare professionals working in demanding environments.

Post-COVID-19 pandemic changes in pertussis incidence among patients with acute respiratory tract infections in Zhejiang, China.

Background: Previous studies have compared the incidence of pertussis before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, finding that public health measures related to COVID-19 contributed to a temporary decline in reported pertussis cases during the pandemic. However, the post-pandemic period has seen a resurgence in respiratory infections, influenced by relaxed health measures and decreased public vigilance. This study investigates the epidemiological dynamics of pertussis among patients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in Zhejiang Province, China, providing essential reference information for ongoing public health strategies. Methods: This study analyzed multicenter data from January 2023 to May 2024, involving 8,560 patients with ARTI from three hospitals in Zhejiang Province. Inclusion criteria included patients who presented with cough symptoms and were clinically diagnosed with either acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) or acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), and who had undergone at least one Bordetella pertussis DNA test. The study analyzed the epidemiological changes of pertussis positivity rates and their associations with time, age, gender, and diagnosis types (URTI and LRTI). Results: From January 2023 to May 2024, the positivity rate and testing number for pertussis among patients with ARTI generally showed a gradual increasing pattern. In March 2024, the positivity rate reached its peak at 31.58%, followed by a weekly decline. The overall positivity rate was 23.59%, with no significant differences observed between genders. Pertussis incidence was higher in patients with LRTI (24.49%) compared to those with URTI (18.63%, OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.20-1.63, p < 0.001) and in outpatients (25.32%) compared to inpatients (6.09%, OR = 4.17, 95% CI: 3.07-5.64, p < 0.001). According to a generalized additive model analysis, there was a wave-shaped, non-linear relationship between age and pertussis incidence, with a relatively high rate observed in the 5 to 17 age group, peaking at age 10 (33.85%). Additionally, the impact of age, patient type, and diagnosis type on the pertussis infection rate varied across different age groups. Conclusion: After the COVID-19 pandemic, the positivity rate of pertussis in Zhejiang Province peaked in early 2024 and then showed a declining pattern. Children and adolescents were particularly affected, emphasizing the need for enhanced vaccination and public health interventions in this population.

Associations between physical activity, mental health concerns, eating disorder symptoms, and emotional intelligence in adolescent athletes transitioning from COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: It is well known that COVID-19 significantly disrupted the routines of school sports for adolescent athletes. In transitioning from this "change event," athletes may need support with resuming their pre-pandemic level of activities, and addressing their ongoing mental health concerns, including exacerbated eating disorder symptoms. Emotional intelligence (the ability to understand emotions, influencing decisions and motivation) is a factor that has not yet been studied during this transition, but may serve as a coping mechanism for altered physical activity, mental health, and eating disorder symptoms. METHODS: Participants of the study included 315 Iranian adolescent athletes who transitioned back to 1 of 10 sports post quarantine restrictions (January 2022-January 2023). Physical activity and related stages of motivation for behavioral change were assessed by the Physical Activity Stages of Change Questionnaire, mental health concerns were assessed by the General Health Questionnaire-28, eating disorder symptoms were assessed by the Eating Attitudes Test-26, and emotional intelligence was assessed by the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test. RESULTS: A three-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was conducted in order to test the overall differences between the 5 physical activity and behavioral change motivation groups (Pre-Contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and Maintenance) on each of the 3 health measures (mental health concerns, eating disorder symptoms, and emotional intelligence); significant main effects were found for each measure. Fischer's Least Significant Difference Post-Hoc Test indicated that there were significant differences between the Pre-Contemplation and Preparation groups, as well as the Preparation and Action groups, on all of the health measure mean variable scores, which contributed to the MANOVA significant main effects. CONCLUSIONS: Participants in the Pre-Contemplation group (not intending to make behavioral changes within the next 6 months) had less mental health, higher eating pathology, and lower emotional intelligence, compared to participants who were in the Preparation group (intending to make behavioral changes within the next 1 month). Similarly, participants in the Preparation group had less mental health, higher eating pathology, and lower emotional intelligence, compared to participants who were in the Action group (has made specific, overt behavioral changes within the preceding 6 months). Overall, the findings from the current study highlight the need for sports professionals working with adolescent athletes transitioning from COVID-19 to monitor these aspects of mental, eating, and emotional health. Given that those in earlier motivation stages had more health concerns compared to those in later stages, professionals should encourage progression from the Pre-Contemplation to Action/Maintenance stage in order to improve health outcomes.

It is well known that COVID-19 significantly disrupted the routines of school sports for adolescent athletes. In transitioning from this "change event," athletes may need support with resuming their pre-pandemic level of activities, and addressing their ongoing mental health concerns, including exacerbated eating disorder symptoms. Emotional intelligence (the ability to understand emotions, influencing decisions and motivation) is a factor that has not yet been studied during this transition, but may serve as a coping mechanism for altered physical activity, mental health, and eating disorder symptoms. Participants of the study included 315 Iranian adolescent athletes who transitioned back to 1 of 10 sports post quarantine restrictions (January 2022­January 2023). Those who did not intend to make changes to their behaviors within the next 6 months (in the pre-contemplation motivation stage) had less mental health, higher eating pathology, and lower emotional intelligence, compared to those who were intending to make behavioral changes within the next 1 month (in the preparation motivation stage). Similarly, those who were in the preparation motivation stage had less mental health, higher eating pathology, and lower emotional intelligence, compared to shoes who had made specific, observable behavioral changes within the preceding 6 months (in the action motivation stage). Overall, the findings from the current study highlight the need for sports professionals working with adolescent athletes transitioning from COVID-19 to monitor these aspects of mental, eating, and emotional health. Given that those in earlier motivation stages had more health concerns compared to those in later stages, professionals should encourage progression from the Pre-Contemplation to Action/Maintenance stage in order to improve health outcomes.

Prevalence, medication adherence, and determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus during Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic among adults in Tanzania.

Introduction: Excessive consumption of comfort foods, which are mostly high in carbs, and limitations on outdoor and gym-based physical activities, for instance, are associated with foods high in the glycemic index and raise the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In pandemic and or epidemic situations, peoples' lifestyles may change significantly to lead them to non-communicable diseases. However, lifestyle changes and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic among adults have not been well established in Tanzania. This study assessed the prevalence, medication adherence, and determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults in the country. Methods: A community-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Dodoma region, Tanzania between September and October 2020 of which 107 adults aged above 18 years were studied regardless of whether they were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus or not using a quantitative research approach. Interviewer-administered lifestyle habits and medication adherence structured questionnaires benchmarked from previous studies served as the main tools of data collection. The statistical package for social sciences computer program was used to analyze the data descriptively for frequencies and percentages and by regression analysis model to determine the association between variables with a 95% confidence interval and 5% significance level. Results: With a mean age of 31 ± 2.527 years, 59.8% of the respondents were female. 60.7% and 11.7% of the respondents had unhealthy and moderate lifestyle choices respectively. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus accounted for 63.9% of the respondents of which 44.6% were diagnostically confirmed during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic against 19.3% of respondents who were diagnosed before the pandemic. Medication adherence among the type 2 diabetes mellitus respondents accounted for 77.9% of the study respondents. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with being in the 36-55 age group (AOR = 1.054; 95% CI: 0.292, 3.162; p < 0.05); being female (AOR = 1.398; 95% CI: 0.205, 3.048; p < 0.05); having a job (AOR = 2.597; 95% CI: 1.243, 4.402, p < 0.05); and having unhealthy lifestyle habits (AOR = 3.301; 95% CI: 1.199, 6.52; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The majority of adults had type 2 diabetes mellitus of which most of them were confirmed to have the disease during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic. Few type 2 diabetes mellitus adults did not adhere to their medications as recommended. Their sociodemographic characteristics profiles and unhealthy lifestyles significantly led them to have the problem. The treatment of the disease above and health promotion activities may need to take unhealthy lifestyle choices and certain sociodemographic profiles of adults into consideration to assist in preventing the problem.

Epidemic features and megagenomic analysis of childhood Mycoplasma pneumoniae post COVID-19 pandemic: a 6-year study in southern China.

With the atypical rise of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection (MPI) in 2023, prompt studies are needed to determine the current epidemic features and risk factors with emerging trends of MPI to furnish a framework for subsequent investigations. This multicentre, retrospective study was designed to analyse the epidemic patterns of MPI before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as genotypes and the macrolide-resistance-associated mutations in MP sampled from paediatric patients in Southern China. Clinical data was collected from 1,33,674 patients admitted into investigational hospitals from 1 June 2017 to 30 November 2023. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) data were retrieved based on MP sequence positive samples from 299 paediatric patients for macrolide-resistance-associated mutations analysis. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to compare categorical variables between different time frames. The monthly average cases of paediatric common respiratory infection diseases increased without enhanced public health measures after the pandemic, especially for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus infection, and MPI. The contribution of MPI to pneumoniae was similar to that in the outbreak in 2019. Compared to mNGS data between 2019-2022 and 2023, the severity of MP did not grow stronger despite higher rates of macrolide-resistance hypervariable sites, including loci 2063 and 2064, were detected in childhood MP samples of 2023. Our findings indicated that ongoing surveillance is necessary to understand the impact of post pandemic on MP transmission disruption during epidemic season and the severity of clinical outcomes in different scenarios.

Novel CHATogether family-centered mental health care in the post-pandemic era: a pilot case and evaluation.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted children, adolescents, and their families, with significant psychosocial consequences. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and self-injurious behaviors increased in our youth, as well as the number of suicide attempts and hospitalizations related to suicidal ideation. Additionally, parents' mental health saw increasing rates of depression, irritability, and alcohol use combined with worsening family function, child-parent connectedness, positive family expressiveness, and increases in family conflict. In light of these statistics, we created CHATogether (Compassionate Home, Action Together), a pilot family-centered intervention using multi-faceted psychotherapeutic approaches to improve familial communication and relational health between adolescents and their parents. This paper discusses the implementation of the CHATogether intervention at the Adolescent Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP), providing an example of the intervention through an in-depth pilot case, and evaluation of the program's acceptability and feasibility. METHODS: This paper describes a case in detail and evaluation from a total of 30 families that completed CHATogether in the initial pilot. Each family had 4-6 one-hour CHATogether sessions during their 6-week treatment course at the IOP. Before and after CHATogether, adolescents and their parents separately completed a questionnaire designed to explore their perceived family conflicts. After completion of the program, participants completed a brief quality improvement survey to assess their overall experience with CHATogether. In the reported case, the family completed Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) depressive and anxiety symptoms scales, Conflict Behavior Questionnaires (CBQ), 9-item Concise Health Risk Tracking Self-Report (CHRT-SR9), and help-seeking attitude from adults during distress and suicide concerns. RESULTS: The pilot case showed a trend of improvement in reported depressive and anxiety symptoms, child-parent conflicts, subfactors of suicide risk including pessimism, helplessness, and despair, help-seeking acceptability from parents for suicide concerns, and the establishment of individualized family relationship goals. Preliminary feedback from participating families demonstrated positive effects on intra-family communication and improvement in the overall family dynamic. Adolescents (n = 30/30) and their parents (n = 30/30) rated "strongly agree" or "agree" that their families had benefited from CHATogether and welcomed participation in future program development. CONCLUSION: This study presents CHATogether as a novel family-centered intervention to address post-pandemic family mental health stress, especially when a family system was disrupted and negatively affected the mental health of children and adolescents. The intervention facilitated positive child-parent communication on a variety of topics, through tools such as emotional expression and help-seeking behavior. The reported pilot case and evaluation suggested CHATogether's acceptability and feasibility in a clinical context. We also provided quality improvement feedback to guide future studies in establishing the efficacy of CHATogether and other similar models of clinical family interventions.

Association between Stress and Physical Fitness of University Students Post-COVID-19 Pandemic.

Post-COVID-19 pandemic, most universities changed their educational model from online courses to onsite learning, allowing students to attend regular face-to-face classes. These changes can cause stress in students, which affects physical fitness. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between stress levels and physical fitness in female university students. The participants were 101 female university students, 18-23 years of age. All participants completed the Suan Prung Stress Test-60 (SPST-60). The physical fitness test included body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, as well as musculoskeletal fitness. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the associations between SPST-60 scores and physical fitness. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We found a negative correlation between the sources of stress scores, here environment, and maximal oxygen consumption (ß = -0.291; 95% CI, -0.551, -0.031). We also found that symptoms of stress scores in the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems were positively associated with waist-hip circumference ratio (WHR) (ß = 0.010; 95% CI, 0.002, 0.017 and ß = 0.006; 95% CI, 0.000, 0.012, respectively). Moreover, the symptoms of stress, here emotion, were positively associated with the WHR (ß = 0.005; 95 %CI, 0.001, 0.009) and negatively associated with upper extremity muscle strength (ß = -0.005; 95% CI, -0.009, 0.000). The results of this study confirmed the associations between stress levels in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era and WHR, maximal oxygen consumption, and upper extremity muscle strength. As a result, stress reduction or prevention alternatives should be considered in order to maintain physical fitness and prevent stress disorders.

Health staff's job motivation post COVID-19 pandemic: A case study in Vietnam.

Objectives: Vietnam has witnessed a severe shortage of qualified staff in the public health sector after the COVID-19 pandemic. Our cross-sectional study aimed to identify job motivation and associated factors among experienced frontline health staff working in public health in order to have preventive measures in the event of future pandemics. Methods: A cross-sectional study, from March 2022 to November 2022 at a Vietnamese public hospital, on the job motivation and the predicted factors of 381 healthcare workers who participated in the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2021. The survey tool, developed by Mbindyo Patrick (2009), includes three components: (i) job satisfaction, (ii) organizational commitment, and (iii) conscientiousness. The survey tool was revalidated in our study with structural equation model for the construction of job motivation model and confirmatory factor analysis for certifying the elementary three components (factors) of the tool. And the tool's reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's Alpha. Bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to identify the predicted factors with the job motivation cutoff of 4.0. Results: The tool for job motivation constructs showed all specifications were good fit indices and the Cronbach's Alpha was 0.85. The job motivation of health staff decreased dramatically in all dimensions post COVID-19 pandemic, with a mean score of 3.26. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment were the most negatively impacted areas, with scores of 3.02 and 3.00, respectively. The predicted factors of low job motivation were young age (less than 30 years old), low monthly income (less than $400), high qualification, and non-managerial positions with odds ratio of 2.27, 2.5, 2.09, and 3.61, respectively. Conclusion: Following the COVID-19 outbreak in Vietnam, healthcare workers who had been in the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic, had experienced a significant decline in their job motivation, despite their continued employment at public hospitals.

Attitudes and Practices of the Public Toward Precautionary Measures Post-COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the practices and attitudes of the general population towards coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID)-19 after the removal of precautionary and preventive measures in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population in all regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from September 2022 to October, 2022 via a virtual survey to evaluate the practices, and attitudes of the general population towards COVID-19. A stratified random sampling technique was applied to collect the sample with inclusion criteria for all individuals who are Arabic language speakers using social media platforms. The individuals selected for this study were 18 years and older. Results: A total of 2406 responses were received for the study questionnaire. Most of participants (66.3%) were females aged 18 to 29 years (61.8%). Half of the participants reported a positive history of COVID-19 infection. Nearly 90% of participants still wear masks, 80% attended a crowded event, and 60% often wash their hands even though the Saudi government has erased the precautions. Females, young (30-39 years) and elderly (60 years and over) individuals, singles, those with a postgraduate degree, those who are employed, and healthcare workers were more likely to adhere to COVID-19 precautionary measures (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study's findings indicate that most of the population discontinued practicing precautionary measures after lifting the measures in Saudi Arabia. More public health initiatives should raise the scores of sanitary best practices to prevent the spread of viral illnesses.

Physical exercise-intervention can be valuable therapy for COVID-19 confinement and post-COVID-19 periods.

PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic and its transition into an endemic phase have profoundly impacted physical health, well-being, mental health, education, and various aspects of society, including the economy and social networks. Home confinement, social distancing, and physical inactivity have exacerbated numerous health issues, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, depression, and poor sleep quality. A systematic review has revealed significant findings: Regular aerobic programs (such as cycling or walking at an intensity of 60-80% of HR max for 20-60 minutes per session, repeated 2-3 times a week) have proven effective in improving both physical and mental health, as well as immune function. This type of physical activity has been shown to increase immunological markers, including lymphocytes, leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), while reducing low-grade inflammation. Therefore, in this study we aimed to assess the impact of tailored exercise interventions on the physical and mental health of COVID-19 patients. Based on the results, we can establish exercise intervention strategies to mitigate the negative health consequences during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We conducted a search of the PubMed database from January 2020 to August 2023 using predefined search terms such as "COVID-19 and post-COVID-19," "exercise intervention and immunity," and "mental health." By examining references, we explored the links between exercise interventions and the mental and physical health of COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: A tailored, multifaceted exercise intervention should be developed and implemented to address the existing mental challenges and enhance mental health during both the pandemic and the post-COVID-19 periods. CONCLUSION: Breathing exercises and respiratory support techniques, including yoga, thoracic expansion exercises, airway clearance methods, and breathing control, are likely to be beneficial.

Modeling the artificial intelligence-based imperatives of industry 5.0 towards resilient supply chains: A post-COVID-19 pandemic perspective.

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected emerging economies' global supply chains (SCs) by disrupting their manufacturing activities. To ensure business survivability during the current and post-COVID-19 era, it is crucial to adopt artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to renovate traditional manufacturing activities. The fifth industrial revolution, Industry 5.0 (I5.0), and artificial intelligence (AI) offer the overwhelming potential to build an inclusive digital future by ensuring supply chain (SC) resiliency and sustainability. Accordingly, this research aims to identify, assess, and prioritize the AI-based imperatives of I5.0 to improve SC resiliency. An integrated and intelligent approach consisting of Pareto analysis, the Bayesian approach, and the Best-Worst Method (BWM) was developed to fulfill the objectives. Based on the literature review and expert opinions, nine AI-based imperatives were identified and analyzed using Bayesian-BWM to evaluate their potential applicability. The findings reveal that real-time tracking of SC activities using the Internet of Things (IoT) is the most crucial AI-based imperative to improving a manufacturing SC's survivability. The research insights can assist industry leaders, practitioners, and relevant stakeholders in dealing with the impacts of large-scale SC disruptions in the post-COVID-19 era.

Continuing Medical Education in the Post COVID-19 Pandemic Era.

Continuing medical education (CME) is a requirement for medical professionals to stay current in their ever-changing fields. The recent significant changes that have occurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly impacted the process of providing and obtaining CME. In this paper, an updated approach to successfully creating and administering CME is offered. Recommendations regarding various aspects of CME development are covered, including competitive assessment, marketing, budgeting, property sourcing, program development, and speaker and topic selection. Strategies for traditional and hybrid CME formats are also explored. Readers and institutions interested in developing CME, especially in the setting of the ongoing pandemic, will be able to use these strategies as a solid framework for producing CME. The recommendations and strategies presented within this paper are based on the authors' opinions, expert opinions, and experiences over 13 years of creating CME events and challenges brought about due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Motivation of Media Users and China's National Media Digitization Construction in the Post-COVID-19 Era.

The sudden arrival of COVID-19 has had an enormous impact on the lives of people around the world, including significant psychological pressure and increased emotional needs. In China, research into user psychology and the motivations of commercial digital media has become more popular, but the national media should pay more attention to user psychology and perform more research on user motivations to improve the effectiveness of communication. We investigated people's internal psychology and motivation for using national media digital platforms in China during the pandemic. We collected data through online questionnaires and analyzed the use of apps of CCTV and The People's Daily by individual users during the pandemic and the psychological needs of national digital media users. In the first stage of our research, we selected national digital media app users through the WeChat platform. In the second stage, more active users were chosen by snowballing upon the original sample. We surveyed 210 participants and ultimately obtained 180 valid samples. We analyzed the data using used SPSS 23.0. The results showed that with the help of digital media platforms and diversified media technology, the Chinese national media not only met the needs of users for information acquisition, but also provided sufficient emotional mutual assistance and comfort to users through the network aggregation formed by digital scene communication.

Lean Entrepreneurship and SME Practice in a Post COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A Conceptual Discourse from Nigeria.

This study investigates lean principles among Nigerian entrepreneurs and SME managers in the operational process in the aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. It offers the panacea to the challenge of social-economic shocks and their adverse effects on SMEs' business activities in Nigeria. The study adopts a conceptual approach to investigate lean entrepreneurship practice by SMEs in Nigeria. It relies on data from extant literature, using a conceptual approach to examine the social-economic effects of COVID-19 pandemic and critical environmental factors on the lean entrepreneurship practice in Nigeria. Furthermore, the study explores the influence of lean practice among SMEs and entrepreneurs in Nigeria and suggests a broad model for lean entrepreneurial practice in post-COVID-19 pandemic Nigeria. Findings highlight the broad social-economic effects of COVID-19 pandemic and other challenges such as theft, host community pressure, weak legal system, and inadequate government policy support affect lean entrepreneurship practice. These factors constitute complex operational issues that would require the adoption of a more comprehensive approach to address. It also highlights crucial factors for post-COVID-19 pandemic SMEs' operational success in Nigeria due to deficits in infrastructure and regulatory efficiency for SMEs' operations to address the various challenges of business failures in Nigeria. The study suggests a lean SME and Entrepreneurial Practice model in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. It emphasises the need to refocus the active interest of the lean entrepreneur on critical business sustainability. The study recommends a critical review of the internal operational process among practicing entrepreneurial businesses and a re-modification of public policies system that governs the operational functions of entrepreneurial practices for reasonable and resilient post-COVID-19 pandemic entrepreneurship practices that can support the SMEs and economic growth in Nigeria.

Pre- and post-COVID-19: The impact of the pandemic and stock market psychology on the growth and sustainability of consumer goods industries.

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and stock market psychology on investor investment decisions in different business units operating in the Shandong stock market. The sample size of the study consists of 5,000 individuals from six different business units. The study used the event study statistical technique to analyze the market reaction to newly released information from the stock market perspective to assess whether the number of COVID-19 positive cases impacted it. With a Z score value of 40.345 and a P-value of 0.000, the Wilcoxon test indicated that stock prices before and after the pandemic were quite different. The test showed a positive relationship between the pandemic and the stock market. Further, the results indicated that COVID-19 and stock market psychology had a significant positive impact on investor investment decisions in cosmetic and beauty, consumer household, textiles and apparel, and consumer electronics industries; however, in the sporting and consumer appliance industries, it had an insignificant negative impact. This study serves to guide investors to make suitable changes in their stock market trading practices to counter these challenges to increase their required rate of return from their specific stock market investment. The findings have important insights for various stakeholders including governments, regulatory bodies, practitioners, academia, industry, and researchers.

The effect of information overload and perceived risk on tourists' intention to travel in the post-COVID-19 pandemic.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the tourism economy has been seriously affected. China has implemented a direct traveling management mechanism and recovered from the pandemic faster than the rest of the world. However, the COVID-19 situation is complicated and uncontrollable because of the available unclear information including difficult medical terminologies. This study attempts to find the determinants of the travel intention of China's tourists in the post-COVID-19 epidemic. Along with information overload and perception risk, an expanded research model of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was employed to propose the theoretical framework of this study. A survey was conducted among 518 tourists who spend their holiday in Hainan, which is a popular tourist destination in China. The empirical results show that information overload positively and significantly impacted perceived risk. Furthermore, perceived risk negatively affects the intention to travel. Perceived risk also negatively affected the attitude toward traveling. However, response self-efficacy did not have a significant effect on the intention to travel. Finally, based on the analysis results, this study proposes relevant research contributions and practical recommendations with management implications for the travel industries.