Differences in change of post-operative antioxidant levels between laser-assisted lenticule extraction and femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis.

To evaluate the change of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ascorbic acid (AA) between femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and laser-assisted lenticule extraction (LALEX). A prospective non-randomized study was conducted, and 33 and 75 eyes that had undergone FS-LASIK or LALEX surgeries were enrolled, respectively. The tear films near corneal incisions were collected, and the concentrations of TAC and AA were determined. The generalized linear mixed model was adopted to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of TAC and AA between the two groups. The AA reduction was significant 1 month after the LALEX and FS-LASIK procedures (both p < 0.05), and the decrement in AA level was significantly larger in the FS-LASIK group compared to the LALEX group (p = 0.0002). In the subgroup analysis, the LALEX group demonstrated a lower decrement in TAC level in the individuals with dry eye disease (DED) than the FS-LASIK group (p = 0.0424), and the LALEX group demonstrated a significantly lower AA decrement in the participants with high myopia (p = 0.0165) and DED (p = 0.0043). The LALEX surgery causes lesser AA decrement compared to FS-LASIK surgery especially for the patients with DED.

Molecular regulators of exercise-mediated insulin sensitivity in non-obese individuals.

Insulin resistance is a significant contributor to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is associated with obesity, physical inactivity, and low maximal oxygen uptake. While intense and prolonged exercise may have negative effects, physical activity can have a positive influence on cellular metabolism and the immune system. Moderate exercise has been shown to reduce oxidative stress and improve antioxidant status, whereas intense exercise can increase oxidative stress in the short term. The impact of exercise on pro-inflammatory cytokine production is complex and varies depending on intensity and duration. Exercise can also counteract the harmful effects of ageing and inflamm-ageing. This review aims to examine the molecular pathways altered by exercise in non-obese individuals at higher risk of developing T2D, including glucose utilization, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, inflammation and oxidative stress, with the potential to improve insulin sensitivity. The focus is on understanding the potential benefits of exercise for improving insulin sensitivity and providing insights for future targeted interventions before onset of disease.

The Role of Mannitol and Vitamin D in Ovarian Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats with Acute Abdominal.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of vitamin D and mannitol in an experimental rat ovarian torsion model. Thirty-two female Wistar albino rats were randomly classified as group 1: (sham), group 2: (detorsion), group 3: (detorsion + mannitol), group 4: (detorsion + vitamin D) and group 5: (detorsion + mannitol + vitamin D) (for each group n = 8). All groups were subjected to bilateral adnexal torsion for 2 h except for group 1. Bilateral adnexal detorsion was performed in all groups except for group 1. Groups 3 and 5 intraperitoneally received the injection of mannitol at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg 30 min before detorsion. Also, the group's 4 and 5 orally received vitamin D in a dose of 500 IU/kg/day for two weeks before torsion. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels were analyzed. According to the histopathological analyses, ovarian tissue damage and follicle counting were evaluated. TOS, OSI and histopathologic score values of ovarian tissue were significantly lower in group 5 than groups 2, 3 and 4 (p < 0.05). The PCNA level was significantly higher in group 5 than in groups 2, 3 and 4 (p < 0.05). A strong negative correlation was found between OSI and PCNA in groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 (r = -0.92, p = 0.01; r = -0.98, p < 0.0001; r = -0.98, p < 0.0001 and r = -0.96, p = 0.0002, respectively). The numbers of primordial follicles in group 5 (p < 0.001) and primary follicles in group 4 (p < 0.001) were significantly higher when compared to group 2. Based on the results of this study, it could be suggested that combination treatment of mannitol with vitamin D is more effective in reversing tissue damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the ovarian torsion model than administration of only an agent.

Cold atmospheric plasma enhances morphological and biochemical attributes of tomato seedlings.

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a physical technology with notable effects on living organisms. In the present study, tomato seeds (Solanum lycopersicum var. Bassimo Mill.) were exposed to CAP for various time intervals, ranging from 1 to 5 min, in both continuous and intermittent periods, and were compared with a control group that received no CAP treatment. Seedlings grown from treated seeds exhibited improvements in levels of growth traits, photosynthetic pigments, and metabolite contents when compared to the control group. Seedlings from seeds treated with S04 displayed significant increases in shoot and root lengths, by 32.45% and 20.60% respectively, compared to the control group. Moreover, seedlings from seeds treated with S01 showed a 101.90% increase in total protein, whereas those treated with S02 experienced a 119.52% increase in carbohydrate content. These findings highlight the substantial improvements in growth characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, and metabolite levels in seedlings from treated seeds relative to controls. Total antioxidant capacity was boosted by CAP exposure. The activities of enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidases were stimulated by S02 and exceeded control treatment by (177.48%, 137.41%, and 103.32%), respectively. Additionally, exposure to S04 increased the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants like flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and tannins over the control group (38.08%, 30.10%, 117.19%, and 94.44%), respectively. Our results indicate that CAP-seed priming is an innovative and cost-effective approach to enhance the growth, bioactive components, and yield of tomato seedlings.

Impact of a 50bp insertion/deletion polymorphism of the superoxide dismutase-1 on oxidative stress status and risk of keratoconus.

Keratoconus (KC) is characterized by the predominant primary ectatic disease, affecting the cornea, necessitating corneal transplants in some cases. While some loci associated with KC risk have been identified, the understanding of the disease remains limited. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes play a crucial role in countering the reactive oxygen species and providing protection against oxidative stress (OS). Accordingly, the objective of this study was to investigate a potential association of a 50 nucleotide base pairs (bp) insertion/deletion (I/D) within the SOD1 promoter, and the located 1684 bp upstream of the SOD1 ATG, with KC in the Iranian population. Additionally, an assessment was conducted on SOD activity and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as determined by the ferric reducing-antioxidant power assay, along with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In this case-control study, genomic DNA was extracted from the blood cells of KC (n = 402) and healthy (n = 331) individuals. The genotype of this gene was determined using the PCR technique. Furthermore, the amount of SOD enzyme activity and the MDA and TAC levels were measured in the serum of the study groups. The (I/I) genotype was present in 84.23%, the (I/D) genotype in 15.06%, and the (D/D) genotype in 0.69% of both groups. A statistically significant relationship was seen between different genotypes and TAC, MDA, and SOD1 activity indices (P < 0.05). Individuals with the D/D genotype exhibited a decrease in total antioxidant capacity, an increase in the amount of MDA, and a decrease in SOD1 enzyme activity (P < 0.05). Moreover, the logistic regression analysis of KC development indicated that elevated levels of MDA increased the risk of KC incidence in the patient group compared to the healthy group, while a higher activity of SOD1 and greater values of TAC decreased the KC risk. The removal of the 50 bp fragment reduced SOD1 activity and elevated OS levels, thereby impacting the oxidant-antioxidant balance. This could potentially play a significant role in individuals afflicted by KC.

Total antioxidant status levels in malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Malaria, a severe health threat, significantly affects total antioxidant status (TAS) levels, leading to considerable oxidative stress. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to delineate differences in TAS levels between malaria patients and healthy controls, and assess correlations between disease severity and parasite density. METHODS: The systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under registration number CRD42023448761. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases such as Embase, MEDLINE, Journals@Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar to identify studies reporting data on TAS levels in malaria patients. Data from the included studies were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Differences in TAS levels between malaria patients and controls were pooled using a random effects model, with Hedges' g as the effect size measure. RESULTS: Of 1796 identified records, 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. The qualitative synthesis of these studies revealed a marked decrease in TAS levels in patients with malaria compared to non-malaria cases. The meta-analysis results showed a significant decrease in TAS levels in patients with malaria compared to non-malaria cases (P < 0.01, Hedges' g: - 2.75, 95% CI - 3.72 to -1.78, I2: 98.16%, 13 studies), suggesting elevated oxidative stress in these patients. Subgroup analyses revealed that TAS level variations were significantly influenced by geographical region, age group, Plasmodium species, and method for measuring TAS. Notably, TAS levels were significantly lower in severe malaria cases and those with high parasite density, indicating a potential relationship between oxidative stress and disease severity. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the potential utility of TAS as a biomarker for disease risk and severity in malaria. The significant decrease in TAS levels in malaria patients compared to controls implies increased oxidative stress. Further well-designed, large-scale studies are warranted to validate these findings and elucidate the intricate mechanisms linking TAS and malaria.

Heavy atom-induced quenching of fluorescent organosilicon nanoparticles for iodide sensing and total antioxidant capacity assessment.

We present a novel approach for iodide sensing based on the heavy-atom effect to quench the green fluorescent emission of organosilicon nanoparticles (OSiNPs). The fluorescence of OSiNPs was significantly quenched (up to 97.4% quenching efficiency) in the presence of iodide ions (I-) through oxidation by hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, OSiNPs can serve as a fluorescent probe to detect I- with high selectivity and sensitivity. The highly selective response is attributed to the hydrophilic surface enabling good dispersion in aqueous solutions and the lipophilic core allowing the generated liposoluble I2 to approach and quench the fluorescence of OSiNPs. The linear working range for I- was from 0 to 50 µM, with a detection limit of 0.1 µM. We successfully applied this nanosensor to determine iodine content in edible salt. Furthermore, the fluorescent OSiNPs can be utilized for the determination of total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Antioxidants reduce I2 to I-, and the extent of quenching by the remaining I2 on the OSiNPs indicates the TAC level. The responses to ascorbic acid, pyrogallic acid, and glutathione were investigated, and the detection limit for ascorbic acid was as low as 0.03 µM. It was applied to the determination of TAC in ascorbic acid tablets and fruit juices, indicating the potential application of the OSiNP-based I2 sensing technique in the field of food analysis.

Observation of the neuroprotective efficacy of vitamin K in a streptozocin-induced diabetes model in chick embryos.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency and/or resistance. Vitamin K (VK) is a group of fat-soluble molecules, including naturally occurring vitamin K1 (phylloquinone). vitamin K2 (menaquinone), and synthetic vitamin K3 (menadione). Beyond coagulation, the health benefits of VK have been described to play different roles in both physiological and pathological processes such as inflammation, energy metabolism, neuroprotection, cellular growth, and survival. It was aimed to observe the antioxidant and/or neuroprotective activity of vitamin K1 in our model of chick embryo diabetic neuropathy (DN) induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Ninety White Leghorn, fertile and 0-day-old SPF (specific pathogen-free) eggs (57 ± 4 gr) were used in the study. Chick embryo blood brain tissues were taken for biochemical evaluation. Plasma insulin and glucose levels were measured. In addition, brain tissue total antioxidant level (TAS), total oxidant level (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were measured. Plasma glucose levels were higher in the STZ-treated groups and lower in the treatment groups. Plasma insulin levels were observed to be higher in STZ groups in groups treated with high VK. Low TAS, high MDA, TOS, and VEGF levels were recorded in brain tissue STZ groups. Low VEGF, TOS, and MDA levels were recorded in the group treated with the highest VK, while high TAS levels were observed. In our STZ-induced chick embryo diabetic neuropathy model, we observed that VK1 reduced oxidant damage by showing antioxidant properties or by modulating antioxidant enzymes.

The association between dietary inflammatory index and dietary total antioxidant capacity and Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an inflammatory disease characterized by increased reactive oxygen species. Diets rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may be linked to a reduced risk of developing HT. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) with HT in Iranian adults. METHODS: The study was a hospital-based case-control study conducted on 230 participants (115 cases and 115 controls). Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The FFQ data were used to calculate DII and DTAC scores. Anthropometric measurements, thyroid function, and antibody tests were evaluated using standard methods. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed in both raw and adjusted models to determine the association between DII and DTAC scores with HT. RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 39.76 ± 9.52 years. The mean body mass index in the case and control groups was 28.03 ± 6.32 and 26.43 ± 5.13 (kg/m2), respectively (P = 0.036). In the HT group, the DII level was higher (P < 0.001) and the DTAC level was lower than those in the healthy group (P = 0.047). In the multivariable logistic regression model, after adjusting for confounding factors, subjects in the last tertile of DII had a nonsignificantly higher HT risk than those in the first tertile (OR = 1.75; 95% CI = 0.83-3.65; P = 0.130). Regarding DTAC, the subjects in the last tertile of DTAC had a significantly decreased risk of HT (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.23-0.98; P = 0.043) compared to those in the first tertile. The DII had a positive correlation with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO), thyroglobulin antibodies (TG-Ab) and thyroid-stimulating hormone, while DTAC had a negative correlation with anti-TPO and TG-Ab (P < 0.050). CONCLUSION: The increase in DII is not associated with an increase in the risk of HT, while DTAC can significantly reduce its risk. Having an anti-inflammatory and antioxidative diet can be effective in improving thyroid function. These conclusions should be confirmed in additional prospective studies.

Associations between dietary total antioxidant capacity and sarcopenia: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: No study has investigated the relationship between dietary total antioxidant capacity and sarcopenia so far. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity (d-TAC) and sarcopenia in elderly adults. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study we enrolled 300 elderly people (150 men and 150 women) aged ≥ 55 years using cluster random sampling method. Sarcopenia was defined based on European Working Group on Sarcopenia (EWGSOP) definition. A DXA scanner, a squeeze bulb dynamometer and a 4-Meter walk gait speed test was used to measure Appendicular Skeletal Muscle (ASM), muscle strength and muscle performance respectively. We also used a Block-format 117-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess dietary intakes of participants. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to examine the association between d-TAC and sarcopenia. RESULTS: Mean ± SD age of study participants and their BMI was 66.8 ± 7.72 year and 27.3 ± 4.2 kg/m2, respectively. People in the highest tertile of d-TAC had the greatest hand grip strength (11.9 ± 3.63 vs. 10.4 ± 3.55 psi, p = 0.009) and had lower odds of sarcopenia compared with those in the lowest tertile, either before (OR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.88) or after adjustment for potential confounders (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.95). No other significant association was seen between d-TAC and components of sarcopenia. CONCLUSION: We found an inverse association between dietary total antioxidant capacity and odds of sarcopenia. No significant association was seen between d-TAC and individual components of sarcopenia. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.

The effect of mother's age on the neonatal cord serum's oxidative stress index and maternal and neonatal outcomes: a case control study.

BACKGROUND: One of the main challenges of many societies in reducing and ageing of the population is marriage at an advanced age in women and decrease of producing offspring due to the concern of increasing the probability of maternal and neonatal outcomes. The mother's oxidative stress conditions during pregnancy affect mothers and their baby's health. Aging is one of the increasing factors of oxidants in the body. Aim of this study is the compartion total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidants status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) values, and maternal and neonatal outcomes in three groups of mothers with different age ranges from 20 to 29, 30 to 34, and 35 to 45 years old. METHODS: 164 pregnant women were grouped according to age into three groups: 25 to 30 (group I), 30 to 35 (group II), and 35 to 45 years old (group III). The umbilical cord blood samples were taken to the assay TAC, TOS, and OSI (TOS/TAC). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was employed to assess the normal distribution of countinus variables. The one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare anthropometric and biochemical factors between groups. RESULTS: TAC levels decreased non-significantly (438.2 ± 102; 431.7 ± 99.8; and 428.2 ± 100.26 for groups I, II, and III respectively, P value = 0.99), TOS levels increased significantly (23.93 ± 11.7; 25.4 ± 12.3; and 28.2 ± 12.7 for groups I, II, and III respectively, P value = 0.034), and OSI increased non-significantly with increasing maternal age (0.055 ± 0.044; 0.091 ± 0.031; 0.069 ± 0.005, for groups I, II, and III respectively, P value = 0.14). Increasing age did not significantly affects the maternal and infant birth outcomes. CONCLUTION: The results showed that the increasing the age of the mother up to 45 doesn't have a significant effects on the value of OSI and the maternal and infant outcomes.

E-cadherin and TAC in GCF accurately discriminate periodontal health and disease.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) E-cadherin and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) to discriminate periodontal health from disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: GCF samples were collected from participants with periodontal health (control), gingivitis, and periodontitis (n = 25 each group). The latter group was further subdivided according to stage (S) and grade. Periodontal parameters were recorded then levels of biomarkers were assayed using ELISA and antioxidant status by use of the Total Antioxidant Capacity Assay for E-cadherin and TAC, respectively. RESULTS: All periodontal parameters were significantly higher in periodontally diseased groups than controls. The GCF E-cadherin significantly increased in gingivitis and periodontitis (S2 to S4) cases as compared to controls. Level of this protein in GCF samples from periodontitis S3 was significantly higher than in gingivitis and S2 groups. The GCF-TAC level was significantly higher in controls than in periodontally diseased groups. No significant differences were observed in the levels of these proteins between grade B and C periodontitis. Both molecules could discriminate periodontal health from gingivitis and periodontitis stages and differentiating periodontitis S3 from gingivitis and other periodontitis stages. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of TAC and unbounded E-cadherin in GCF samples exhibited promising diagnostic abilities to differentiate periodontal health and disease.

The effects of disease severity and comorbidity on oxidative stress biomarkers in obstructive sleep apnea.

PURPOSE: Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant status (TAS) are biomarkers used to evaluate oxidative stress status in various diseases including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In this study, we investigated the effects of disease severity and comorbidity on IMA, TOS and TAS levels in OSA. METHODS: Patients with severe OSA (no-comorbidity, one comorbidity, and multiple comorbidities) and mild-moderate OSA (no-comorbidity, one and multiple comorbidities), and healthy controls were included in the study. Polysomnography was applied to all cases and blood samples were taken from each participant at the same time of day. ELISA was used to measure IMA levels in serum samples and colorimetric commercial kits were used to perform TOS and TAS analyses. In addition, routine biochemical analyses were performed on all serum samples. RESULTS: A total of 74 patients and 14 healthy controls were enrolled. There was no statistically significant difference between the disease groups according to gender, smoking status, age, body mass index (BMI), HDL, T3, T4, TSH, and B12 (p > 0.05). As the severity of OSA and comorbidities increased, IMA, TOS, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), desaturation index (T90), cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, AST, and CRP values increased significantly (p < 0.05). On the other hand, TAS, minimum desaturation, and mean desaturation values decreased significantly (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that IMA, TOS, and TAS levels may indicate OSA-related oxidative stress, but as the severity of OSA increases and with the presence of comorbidity, IMA and TOS levels may increase and TAS levels decrease. These findings suggest that disease severity and presence/absence of comorbidity should be considered in studies on OSA.

The association between dietary total antioxidant capacity and hearing loss: results from the Tehran employees Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Despite numerous studies that have explored the association between individual antioxidants or specific combinations and the risk of hearing loss, there is lack of information regarding the relationship between dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) and hearing loss. The conflicting results on this association further highlight the need for more research in this area. This study aims to investigate the association between overall dietary antioxidant intake and the risk of hearing loss among Iranian adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited 3443 adult participants aged between 19 and 67 years (with an average age of 41.4 years ± 8.8) who were employed at Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Participants underwent dietary assessment using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The hearing status of each participant was evaluated by a licensed audiologist in a soundproof room, using diagnostic audiometry that adhered to American National Standards specifications and followed standard audiometric clinical procedures. The dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) was calculated using the Ferric Reducing-Antioxidant Power (FRAP) values. RESULTS: 43.6% of male participants had hearing loss, while 26.8% among female participants. After accounting for various confounding factors, no significant association was observed between higher levels of dTAC and reduced odds of hearing loss in the overall population. However, among men under the age of 40, higher levels of dTAC were associated with decreased odds of hearing loss, even after adjusting for several covariates (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.31-1.02, Ptrend = 0.02). This relationship was not evident in men over 40 years of age or among women. CONCLUSION: The study found an inverse relationship between higher antioxidant intake in the diet and lower odds of hearing loss, specifically among men who were 40 years old or younger. However, this relationship was not observed in the overall population or among women. Additional prospective studies are necessary to validate these results.

Association between Dietary total antioxidant capacity and knee osteoarthritis: a case-control study in the Iranian Population.

AIM: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent chronic condition associated with significant pain, disability, and healthcare costs, particularly among the elderly population. Despite the considerable burden of KOA, effective treatment options for managing the condition's underlying causes remain limited. This case-control study aims to investigate the relationship between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 105 patients with confirmed KOA and 210 controls. KOA was diagnosed based on the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) was calculated based on the ferric-reducing antioxidant power method. RESULTS: The mean age and BMI of the participants were 53.6 ± 8.8 years old and 27.3 ± 2.7 kg/m2, respectively. The study participant's DTAC score ranged from 3.56 to 25.32 with a mean and SD of 12.46 ± 5.12. In the crude model, individuals in the highest quartile of DTAC score had 71% lower odds of having knee osteoarthritis compared to those in the first quartile (OR: 0.29, 95%CI: 0.15 to 0.58, P-trend < 0.001). These associations remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders including age, sex, energy intake, family history of osteoarthritis, vitamin D and calcium use, physical activity level, cigarette smoking and BMI. Although the odds of having knee osteoarthritis decreased with increasing quartiles of DTAC in both sexes, this relationship was stronger among males than females. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that there was an inverse correlation between DTAC and KOA among the Iranian patients with KOA.

The efficacy of curcumin supplementation on serum total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, and disease activity in women with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the physiopathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is associated with impaired antioxidant defenses. This study aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin supplementation on serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and disease activity in women with RA. In this clinical trial, 48 women with RA were treated with one capsule of curcumin (500 mg daily) or placebo for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and end of the study. Finally, we assessed the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS-28), dietary intake, and physical activity levels. While curcumin supplementation for 8 weeks significantly increased the serum levels of TAC (p < 0.05), it decreased tender joint counts, swollen joint counts, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and DAS-28 compared to the placebo at the end of the study (p < 0.001 for all). MDA levels significantly decreased in the curcumin group (p < 0.05). However, changes in MDA concentration were not significant between groups at the end of the trial (p = 0.145). Curcumin supplementation had a beneficial effect on increasing the serum levels of TAC and decreased DAS-28 in women with RA.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in threatened preterm labor.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was the evaluation of total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in women with threatened preterm labor (TPL) and also to compare the levels of these oxidative stress biomarkers of TPL pregnancies that had preterm and term deliveries. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 46 patients diagnosed with TPL and 47 healthy pregnant women matched for gestational age. Patients with threatened preterm labor were divided into two groups: true preterm birth (TPB) group (n = 16) and false preterm birth (FPB) group (n = 30) groups. Maternal serum SOD, TOS and TAS levels were measured by a spectrophotometric method using a commertial kit. OSI level for each patient was calculated by using the formula: (TOS (µmol·H2O2·equiv/L) × 100)/(TAS (µmol·Trolox·equiv/L)). RESULTS: The mean TAS levels of the TPB and FPB groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (0.96 ± 0.3 vs 1.36 ± 0.34, p1 < 0.001; 0.97 ± 0.22 vs 1.36 ± 0.34, p2 < 0.001, respectively). The mean SOD, TOS and OSI levels of the TPB and FPB groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the TPB and FPB groups for any oxidative stress biomarkers. CONCLUSION: The maternal serum oxidative stress biomarkers are increased in pregnancies with TPL. However, these are not effective in predicting preterm birth in pregnancies with TPL.

Engineering an enzyme-like catalytic sensor for on-site dual-mode evaluation of total antioxidant capacity.

A novel Fe-MoOx nanozyme, engineered with enhanced peroxidase (POD)-like activity through strategic doping and the creation of oxygen vacancies, is introduced to catalyze the oxidation of TMB with high efficiency. Furthermore, Fe-MoOx is responsive to single electron transfer (SET) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanisms related to antioxidants and can serve as a desirable nanozyme for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) determination. The TAC colorimetric platform can reach a low LOD of 0.512 µM in solution and 24.316 µM in the smartphone-mediated RGB hydrogel (AA as the standard). As proof of concept, the practical application in real samples was explored. The work paves a promising avenue to design diverse nanozymes for visual on-site inspection of food quality.

Synthesis of new phenothiazine derivatives: Molecular docking, assessment of cytotoxic activity and oxidant-antioxidant properties on PCS-201-012, HT-29, and SH-SY5Y cell lines.

Phenothiazine (PTZ) derivatives have been acknowledged as versatile compounds with significant implications across various areas of medicine, particularly, in cancer research. The cytotoxic effects of synthesized compounds on both normal and cancerous cells, along with their oxidant-antioxidant properties, are pivotal factors in cancer treatment strategies. In the current study, eight new PTZ derivatives were synthesized and the compounds' cytotoxic activities were assessed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay while the oxidant-antioxidant properties were evaluated by oxidative stress index (OSI) calculation in SH-SY5Y (a human neuroblastoma cell line), HT-29 (a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line), and PCS-201-012 (a human primary dermal fibroblast cell line) cells. Consequently, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of compound 3a were determined to be 218.72, 202.85, and 227.86 µM while the IC50 values of compound 3b were defined to be 227.42, 199.27, and 250.11 µM in PCS-201-012, HT-29, and SH-SY5Y cells, respectively. Additionally, it was determined that the synthesized compounds demonstrated the lowest OSI in PCS-201-012 cells as compared to the other cell lines.

Direct and Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of Total Antioxidant Capacity in Foods Using Nanochannel-Based Enrichment of Redox Probes.

Simple and sensitive determination of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in food samples is highly desirable. In this work, an electrochemical platform was established based on a silica nanochannel film (SNF)-modified electrode, facilitating fast and highly sensitive analysis of TAC in colored food samples. SNF was grown on low-cost and readily available tin indium oxide (ITO) electrode. Fe3+-phenanthroline complex-Fe(III)(phen)3 was applied as the probe, and underwent chemical reduction to form Fe2+-phenanthroline complex-Fe(II)(phen)3 in the presence of antioxidants. Utilizing an oxidative voltage of +1 V, chronoamperometry was employed to measure the current generated by the electrochemical oxidation of Fe(II)(phen)3, allowing for the assessment of antioxidants. As the negatively charged SNF displayed remarkable enrichment towards positively charged Fe(II)(phen)3, the sensitivity of detection can be significantly improved. When Trolox was employed as the standard antioxidant, the electrochemical sensor demonstrated a linear detection range from 0.01 µM to 1 µM and from 1 µM to 1000 µM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.9 nM. The detection performance is better that that of the conventional colorimetric method with a linear de range from 1 µM to 40 µM. Owing to the anti-interfering ability of nanochannels, direct determination of TAC in colored samples including coffee, tea, and edible oils was realized.