Global 30-day morbidity and mortality of surgery for perforated peptic ulcer: GRACE study.

BACKGROUND: There is little international data on morbidity and mortality of surgery for perforated peptic ulcer (PPU). This study aimed to understand the global 30-day morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing surgery for PPU and to identify variables associated with these. METHOD: We performed an international study of adults (≥ 18 years) who underwent surgery for PPU from 1st January 2022 to 30th June 2022. Patients who were treated conservatively or had an underlying gastric cancer were excluded. Patients were divided into subgroups according to age (≤ 50 and > 50 years) and time from onset of symptoms to hospital presentation (≤ 24 and > 24 h). Univariate and Multivariate analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with higher 30-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS:  1874 patients from 159 centres across 52 countries were included. 78.3% (n = 1467) of the patients were males and the median (IQR) age was 49 years (25). Thirty-day morbidity and mortality were 48.5% (n = 910) and 9.3% (n = 174) respectively. Median (IQR) hospital stay was 7 (5) days. Open surgery was performed in 80% (n = 1505) of the cohort. Age > 50 years [(OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2), (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 3.1-7.6)], female gender [(OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.3), (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.3-2.9)], shock on admission [(OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.7-2.7), (OR = 4.8, 95% CI 3.2-7.1)], and acute kidney injury [(OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.9-3.2), (OR = 3.9), 95% CI 2.7-5.6)] were associated with both 30-day morbidity and mortality. Delayed presentation was associated with 30-day morbidity [OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6], but not mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that surgery for PPU was associated with high 30-day morbidity and mortality rate. Age, female gender, and signs of shock at presentation were associated with both 30-day morbidity and mortality.

A comparative analysis of Charlson's weighted index of comorbidity and perforated peptic ulcer scores in predicting postoperative mortality and high comprehensive complication index.

BACKGROUND: Limited data exists on Charlson's weighted index of comorbidity (WIC) predictability for postoperative outcomes following perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) surgery. This study assesses the utility of WIC and other predictive scores in forecasting both postoperative mortality and morbidity in PPU. MATERIALS & METHODS: Patients with PPUs operated between 2018 and 2021 in a Malaysian tertiary referral center were included. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for association with mortality and morbidity measured with the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI). Predictability of WIC and other predictors were examined using area under receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). RESULTS: Among 110 patients included, 18 died (16.4%) and 36 (32.7%) had significant morbidity postoperatively (High CCI, ≥26.2). Both mortality and high CCI were associated with age >65 years, female sex, comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and renal disease), and American Society of Anesthesiologist score >2. Most patients who died had renal dysfunction, metabolic acidosis, lactate >2 mmol/L upon presentation preoperatively. While surgery >24 h after presentation correlated with mortality and high CCI, the benefit of earlier surgery <6 h or <12 h was not demonstrated. WIC (AUC, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.99) showed similar predictability to Peptic Ulcer Perforation (PULP) (AUC, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.93-1.00) for mortality. PULP effectively predicted high CCI (AUC, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73-0.93; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: WIC is valuable in predicting mortality, highlighting the importance of comorbidity in risk assessment. PULP score was effective in predicting both mortality and high CCI. Early identification of patients with high perioperative risk will facilitate patients' triage for escalated care, leading to a better outcome.

Excisional biopsy of perforated gastric ulcer: mandatory or potentially harmful?

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the morbidity associated with excisional biopsy in patients with spontaneous gastric perforation. METHODS: A retrospective, single-center, observational study was performed. All consecutive patients with spontaneous gastric perforation who underwent surgical therapy were included. Outcomes were assessed concerning the performance of excisional biopsy. RESULTS: A total of 135 adult patients were enrolled. Of these, 110 (81.5%) patients underwent excisional biopsy, while 17 (12.6%) did not. The remaining eight (5.9%) patients who underwent gastric resection were excluded from the analysis. Patients undergoing excisional biopsy developed significantly higher rates of postoperative complications (p = 0.007) and experienced more severe complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, particularly type III and above (p = 0.017). However, no significant differences were observed regarding in-hospital mortality, reoperation, suture dehiscence, or length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Excisional biopsy for gastric perforation has been shown to be associated with increased morbidity. Surgical closure followed by early endoscopic biopsy may be a superior approach for gastric perforation management to rule out malignancy.

Disparities in prehospital and emergency surgical care among patients with perforated ulcers and a history of mental illness: a nationwide cohort study.

PURPOSE: To compare patients with and without a history of mental illness on process and outcome measures in relation to prehospital and emergency surgical care for patients with perforated ulcer. METHODS: A nationwide registry-based cohort study of patients undergoing emergency surgery for perforated ulcer. We used data from the Danish Prehospital Database 2016-2017 and the Danish Emergency Surgery Registry 2004-2018 combined with data from other Danish databases. Patients were categorized according to severity of mental health history. RESULTS: We identified 4.767 patients undergoing emergency surgery for perforated ulcer. Among patients calling the EMS with no history of mental illness, 51% were identified with abdominal pain when calling the EMS compared to 31% and 25% among patients with a history of moderate and major mental illness, respectively. Median time from hospital arrival to surgery was 6.0 h (IQR: 3.6;10.7). Adjusting for age, sex and comorbidity, patients with a history of major mental illness underwent surgery 46 min (95% CI: 4;88) later compared to patients with no history of mental illness. Median number of days-alive-and-out-of-hospital at 90-day follow-up was 67 days (IQR: 0;83). Adjusting for age, sex and comorbidity, patients with a history of major mental illness had 9 days (95% CI: 4;14) less alive and out-of-hospital at 90-day follow-up. CONCLUSION: One-third of the population had a history of mental illness or vulnerability. Patients with a history of major mental illness were less likely to be identified with abdominal pain if calling the EMS prior to arrival. They had longer delays from hospital arrival to surgery and higher mortality.

Manejo de las úlceras pépticas perforadas. Años 2005 a 2013 / Management of ulcers peptic perforated. Years 2005-2013

La perforación de úlceras pépticas se presenta del 1 al 6% de los pacientes ulcerosos, infrecuente, pero representa una complicación grave con morbi-mortalidad elevada. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de úlcera péptica perforada (UPP) en los abdómenes agudos, factores predisponentes, tratamiento, morbilidad y mortalidad. Pacientes y método: Trabajo descriptivo, retrospectivo, observacional de pacientes que consultaron en urgencias, con diagnóstico de UPP en la IICCQ; marzo-2005 a diciembre-2013. Resultados: Ingresaron 308 pacientes con abdomen agudo quirúrgico, 30 (9,7%) con diagnóstico de UPP; 27 varones y 3 mujeres, edad promedio 54 (26-82 años). Tiempo de evolución en promedio de 14hs (4-72hs). Los síntomas predominantes fueron: dolor abdominal, náuseas y vómitos. Factores predisponentes: consumo de AINES, etilismo y tabaquismo. El diagnóstico se realizó por clínica, radiografía de tórax (neumoperitoneo) y en algunos casos de manera intraoperatoria. El tratamiento quirúrgico consistió en sutura primaria y epiploplastia en 27 casos; 2 casos, antrectomía y gastro-yeyunoanastomosis en Y de Roux y 1 caso, resección en cuña de la úlcera y sutura primaria. La localización de la úlcera fue: 13 casos en región prepilórica; 7 en antro; 4 en píloro; 3 en primera porción duodenal y 3 en cuerpo gástrico. El tamaño de la misma fue entre 0,5-4 cm de diámetro. Complicaciones registradas: 3 casos de atelectasia; 3 de neumonía intrahospitalaria; 3 de infección de herida operatoria, 1 de inestabilidad hemodinámica; 1 laceración hepática; 2 evisceraciones; 1 fístula enterocutánea y 2 de infección de vías urinarias. La mortalidad fue de 6,6%, (2 casos); uno por sepsis de origen abdominal y otro por hemorragia digestiva alta masiva.La UPP corresponde a un cuadro grave. El tratamiento quirúrgico es la terapia de elección para el episodio agudo. A pesar de la gravedad, no registramos mortalidad elevada con respecto a otras series.

Perforation of peptic ulcers occurs from 1 to 6% of the ulcer, rarely, but represents a serious complication with high morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the frequency of perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) in acute abdomens, predisposing factors, treatment, morbidity and mortality. Patients and Methods: Research descriptive, retrospective and observational, at the emergency room with patients diagnosed with UPP in IICCQ; Mar-2005 to December-2013. Results: 308 patients were admitted with acute abdomen, 30 (9.7%) diagnosed with UPP; 27 men and 3 women, mean age 54 (26-82 years). Time evolution of average 14hs (4-72hs). The predominant symptoms were abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Predisposing factors: NSAID, alcohol consumption and smoking. The diagnosis was made by clinical, chest radiography (pneumoperitoneum) and in some cases intraoperatively. Surgical treatment consisted of primary suture and epiploplasty in 27 cases; 2 cases, gastroyeyunoanastomosis antrectomy and Roux-Y and 1 case, wedge resection of the ulcer and primary suture. The location of the ulcer was: 13 cases in prepyloric region; 7 in the antrum; 4 in pylorus; 3 in the first duodenal portion and 3 in the gastric body. Same size was between 0.5-4 cm in diameter. Complications recorded 3 cases of atelectasis; 3 of nosocomial pneumonia; 3 of wound infection, 1 of hemodynamic instability; 1 liver laceration; 2 evisceration; 1 3 enterocutaneous fistula and 2 urinary tract infection. The mortality was 6.6% (2 cases); one abdominal sepsis and another massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The UPP is for a severe case. Surgical treatment is the therapy of choice for acute episode. Despite the seriousness, not checking high mortality compared with other series.

Estado actual del tratamiento quirúrgico de la úlcera péptica perforada en el Hospital Regional de Talca: Experience of a regional hospital / Emergency surgical treatment of perforated peptic ulcer

La perforación de una úlcera péptica corresponde a una infrecuente y siempre grave complicación de la enfermedad ulcerosa. El tratamiento quirúrgico es la terapia de elección. Se operaron 22 pacientes (21 hombres) con una edad promedio de 50 años. Tres enfermos tenían el diagnóstico de úlcera péptica previo a la emergencia actual. El síntoma más frecuente de consulta fue el dolor epigástrico de inicio súbito en 21 (95,4 por ciento) pacientes. El diagnóstico se realizó con radiografía de tórax de pie o de abdomen simple en 11 enfermos. Se realizó sutura simple de la úlcera en 12 (54,5 por ciento) pacientes, sutura más epiploplastía en 7 (31,8 por ciento) y resección gástrica en tres enfermos (13,6 por ciento). Siete (31,8 por ciento) pacientes presentaron complicaciones post operatorias, de los cuales fallecieron 2 (9,1 por ciento) como consecuencia de la sepsis asociada. Se realizó un seguimiento endoscópico a 9 pacientes (45 por ciento) sobrevivientes al episodio agudo. En 5 de ellos se demostró que la úlcera péptica aun permanecía activa. A dos de estos últimos pacientes se les realizó, en forma electiva una cirugía resectiva definitiva. Se concluye que la perforación de una úlcera péptica corresponde a un cuadro grave, que se asocia a una morbilidad y mortalidad significativa. El tratamiento quirúrgico local es la terapia de elección para el episodio agudo, sin embargo este no es definitivo y no evita la recidiva.

Background: Peptic ulcer perforation is an uncommon by devastating complication that requires emergency surgical treatment. Aim: To review the results of surgical treatment of peptic ulcer perforation in a Chilean Regional Hospital. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of 22 patients (age range 21-88 years, 21 males) operated for a perforated peptic ulcer, between 1995 and 2000. Results: The most common presentation symptom was acute epigastric pain in 21 patients. The diagnosis was done with a plain abdominal X ray obtained in the standing position, in 11 patients. A simple suture of the ulcer was done in 12 patients, suture plus epiploplasty in seven and gastric resection in three. Seven patients (32 percent) had postoperative complications and two (9 percent) died as a consequence of an associated septic process. An endoscopic follow up was done in nine patients and in two, the peptic ulcer remained active. These two patients were subjected to an elective excisional surgery. Conclusions: Local surgical correction of peptic ulcer perforation is the emergency treatment of choice but does not avoid ulcer relapse.

Alternativas no tratamento cirúrgico da úlcera gastroduodenal perfurada / Alternatives in the surgical treatment of perforated gastroduodenal ulcer

Os autores relatam os resultados imediatos de 26 casos de úlcera gastroduodenal perfurada atendidos no Hospital de Pronto Socorro da F.U.S.A.M., num período de três anos. A perfuraçäo ocorreu em mais da metade dos pacientes (57,7%) na face anterior do duodeno; a técnica cirúrgica preferencialmente utilizada foi a sutura da perfuraçäo associada ou näo à epiplopastia (46,2%). Ocorreram complicaçöes precoces e tardias em nove pacientes (34,5%), e a mortalidade operatória foi de 11,6%. Näo houve mortalidade nos pacientes situados na faixa etária inferior a 60 anos e operados em até 48 horas do início dos sintomas. Nesta série, os índices de complicaçöes e mortalidade relacionaram-se diretamente com a idade do paciente, o grau de contaminaçäo peritoneal e o período decorrido entre o início dos sintomas e a operaçäo, independentemente do tipo de cirurgia realizada ou da localizaçäo da perfuraçäo

Ulcera péptica perfurada: experiência de um serviço / Perforated peptic ulcer: experience of a service

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar, retrospectivamente, a experiência de um Serviço no tratamento de úlcera péptica perfurada. Para tanto säo estudados cinquenta casos desta patologia, tendo sido 29 úlceras gástricas e 21 duodenais. A rafia com epiploomplastia foi a cirurgia escolhida em 40 (80 por cento) situaçöes, enquanto que cirurgias mais extensas foram realizadas nos 10 (20 por cento) casos restantes. A mortalidade foi de 14 por cento para as úlceras duodenais perfuradas e mais expressiva quando cirurgias mais extensas foram realizadas. A taxa de óbitos na úlcera gástrica foi de 10 por cento e em todos a rafia com epiploomplastia foi a cirurgia realizada. A associaçäo de fatores de risco foi elemento marcante naqueles pacientes que tiveram má evoluçäo.

Resultados inmediatos del tratamiento quirúrgico de la úlcera péptica gastroduodenal perforada / Inmediate results of surgical treatment of perforated peptic gastroduodenal ulcer

Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico en un período de 2 años (1988-1990) en 9 hospitales clinicoquirúrgicos del país, sobre el tratamiento quirúrgico de la úlcera péptica gastroduodenal. Se analizaron en total 729 encuestas de pacientes operados por esta causa, de los cuales, 399 recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico de forma electiva y el resto de urgencia. De estas últimas, 211 correspondieron a la úlcera péptica gastroduodenal perforada; en el 91,0 por ciento de las mismas se practicó sutura y epiploplastia, mientras que en el grupo restante se aplicaron otras técnicas: el 28,9 por ciento de los enfermos se complicó y la mortalidad se elevó al 20,4 por ciento , lo que pone en evidencia la gravedad de esta complicación

Riscos em cirurgia gastroduodenal de emergência e urgência: morbidade e mortalidade: análise de 76 casos / Risk in emergencie gastroduodenal surgery: morbidadity and mortality: analisis of 76 cases

O autor apresenta 76 casos onde o risco cirúrgico é aumentado devido à urgência e emergência, como também às alteraçöes fisiopatológicas que daí decorrem. A mortalidade e morbidade säo elevadas nestes casos.

Sociedad de Cirujanos de Mar del Plata: úlcera gastroduodenal perforada en pacientes mayores de 60 años / Surgeons' Society of Mar del Plata: perforated gastroduodenal ulcer in patients over 60 years age

La sociedad de Cirujanos de Mar del Plata nos ha hecho llegar los trabajos correspondientes al año 1990 que, según el jurado integrado por los Dres. Claudio Barredo, Jorge Defelitto y Alejandro Oria, fueron consderados como los de mayor valor en cuanto a la importancia del tema y la metodología empleada. Se publica a continuación el segundo y tercer trabajo

Ulcera gastroduodenal perforada: morbilidad y mortalidad / Perforated gastroduodenal ulcer: morbidity and mortality

Se realiza un estudio de 50 pacientes a los que se les diagnosticó úlcera gastroduodenal perforada. Se analizan la frecuencia por edad, sexo, procedencia, localización, procederes quirúrgicos empleados y sus complicaciones secundarias, mortalidad en los pacientes operados y su causa directa. Se llega a conclusiones sobre métodos estadísticos. Se valora la necesidad de un programa de Educación para la Salud de estos pacientes en riesgo. Se revisa la literatura al respecto. Se establecen recomendaciones