RESUMEN
CONTEXT: The biotransformation of lilial results in an acid that is used in the dairy industry, in perfumery, as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, and as a food additive for enhancing taste. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the biotransformation of lilial by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, two bacterial species isolated from human skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both species of Staphylococcus were isolated in samples taken from the skin of individuals living in a rural area of Iran. The pH of the culture medium was optimized, and after culturing the microorganisms, the bacteria were added to a flask containing a nutrient broth and incubated for several hours. The flasks of bacteria were combined with lilial, and various biochemical tests and diagnostics were performed, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). RESULTS: The S. aureus produced isobutyric acid (2-methylpropanoic acid) after 72 h (71% of the total products yielded during biotransformation), whereas the S. epidermidis produced terpenoid alcoholic media after 24 h (90% of total products obtained). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results obtained indicate that biotransformation of lilial by S. aureus is more desirable than by S. epidermidis due to the highly efficient production of a single product. Bourgeonal and liliol were two toxic compounds produced during biotransformation, which indicates that the use of lilial in cosmetics can be harmful to the skin.
Asunto(s)
Aldehídos/farmacocinética , Perfumes/farmacocinética , Piel/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolismo , Staphylococcus epidermidis/metabolismo , Adulto , Biotransformación , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoAsunto(s)
Química Inorgánica/métodos , Geles , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Animales , Cerámica , Desinfectantes/administración & dosificación , Desinfectantes/farmacocinética , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Portadores de Fármacos/farmacocinética , Nanocompuestos/química , Perfumes/química , Perfumes/farmacocinética , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/administración & dosificación , FarmacocinéticaRESUMEN
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of alpha-methylcyclohexylmethyl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/química , Acetatos/toxicidad , Ciclohexanos/química , Ciclohexanos/toxicidad , Perfumes/química , Perfumes/toxicidad , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Animales , Ciclohexanos/farmacocinética , Humanos , Perfumes/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of octahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indenemethyl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/química , Acetatos/toxicidad , Indenos/química , Indenos/toxicidad , Perfumes/química , Perfumes/toxicidad , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Animales , Humanos , Indenos/farmacocinética , Perfumes/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexyl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/química , Ciclohexanoles/química , Perfumes/química , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Ciclohexanoles/farmacocinética , Humanos , Perfumes/farmacocinética , Piel/metabolismo , Compuestos de Vinilo/química , Compuestos de Vinilo/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-4-en-8-yl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/química , Ciclodecanos/química , Perfumes/química , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Ciclodecanos/farmacocinética , Humanos , Perfumes/farmacocinética , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/metabolismoRESUMEN
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 1-Methyl-2-(1-methylpropyl)cyclohexyl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/química , Ciclohexanoles/química , Perfumes/química , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Animales , Ciclohexanoles/farmacocinética , Humanos , Perfumes/farmacocinética , Piel/metabolismoRESUMEN
An evaluation and review of a structurally related group of fragrance materials.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/química , Acetatos/toxicidad , Perfumes/química , Perfumes/toxicidad , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Animales , Humanos , Hidrocarburos Cíclicos/química , Hidrocarburos Cíclicos/farmacocinética , Hidrocarburos Cíclicos/toxicidad , Perfumes/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 1-ethynylcyclohexyl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/química , Acetatos/toxicidad , Ciclohexanoles/química , Ciclohexanoles/toxicidad , Perfumes/química , Perfumes/toxicidad , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Alquinos/química , Alquinos/farmacocinética , Alquinos/toxicidad , Animales , Ciclohexanoles/farmacocinética , Humanos , Perfumes/farmacocinética , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/metabolismoRESUMEN
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.4.0]dec-3-yl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/química , Acetatos/toxicidad , Perfumes/química , Perfumes/toxicidad , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Animales , Compuestos Bicíclicos con Puentes/química , Compuestos Bicíclicos con Puentes/farmacocinética , Compuestos Bicíclicos con Puentes/toxicidad , Ciclodecanos/química , Ciclodecanos/farmacocinética , Ciclodecanos/toxicidad , Humanos , Perfumes/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of myraldyl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/química , Acetatos/toxicidad , Ciclohexenos/química , Ciclohexenos/toxicidad , Perfumes/química , Perfumes/toxicidad , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Animales , Ciclohexenos/farmacocinética , Humanos , Perfumes/farmacocinética , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/metabolismoRESUMEN
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of (3aalpha,4alpha,6alpha,7alpha,7aalpha)-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3-methyl-5-methylene-4,7-methano-1H-inden-6-yl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/química , Acetatos/toxicidad , Perfumes/química , Perfumes/toxicidad , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Animales , Compuestos Bicíclicos con Puentes/química , Compuestos Bicíclicos con Puentes/farmacocinética , Compuestos Bicíclicos con Puentes/toxicidad , Humanos , Perfumes/farmacocinética , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/metabolismoRESUMEN
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 2-(1-methylpropyl)-1-vinylcyclohexyl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/química , Ciclohexanoles/química , Perfumes/química , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Acetatos/toxicidad , Animales , Ciclohexanoles/farmacocinética , Ciclohexanoles/toxicidad , Humanos , Perfumes/farmacocinética , Perfumes/toxicidad , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/metabolismo , Compuestos de Vinilo/química , Compuestos de Vinilo/farmacocinética , Compuestos de Vinilo/toxicidadRESUMEN
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 4-methyl-8-methylenetricyclo[3.3.1.(3,7)]decan-2-yl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/química , Acetatos/toxicidad , Perfumes/química , Perfumes/toxicidad , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Alcanos/química , Alcanos/farmacocinética , Alcanos/toxicidad , Animales , Humanos , Hidrocarburos Cíclicos/química , Hidrocarburos Cíclicos/farmacocinética , Hidrocarburos Cíclicos/toxicidad , Perfumes/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of Cyclohexyl cyclopent-2-ene-1-acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/química , Ciclohexanos/química , Ciclopentanos/química , Perfumes/química , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Ciclohexanos/farmacocinética , Ciclopentanos/farmacocinética , Humanos , Perfumes/farmacocinética , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/metabolismoRESUMEN
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 3-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/química , Ciclohexanoles/química , Perfumes/química , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Ciclohexanos/química , Ciclohexanos/farmacocinética , Ciclohexanoles/farmacocinética , Humanos , Perfumes/farmacocinética , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/metabolismoRESUMEN
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of d-cyclocitronellene acetate when used as a fragrance material is presented.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/química , Acetatos/toxicidad , Perfumes/química , Perfumes/toxicidad , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Monoterpenos Acíclicos , Animales , Humanos , Monoterpenos/química , Monoterpenos/farmacocinética , Monoterpenos/toxicidad , Perfumes/farmacocinética , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/metabolismoRESUMEN
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 4-(isopropyl)-1-methylcyclohexyl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/química , Acetatos/toxicidad , Ciclohexanoles/química , Ciclohexanoles/toxicidad , Perfumes/química , Perfumes/toxicidad , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Animales , Ciclohexanoles/farmacocinética , Humanos , Perfumes/farmacocinética , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/metabolismoRESUMEN
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of tricyclodecanyl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/química , Acetatos/toxicidad , Perfumes/química , Perfumes/toxicidad , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Animales , Ciclodecanos/química , Ciclodecanos/farmacocinética , Ciclodecanos/toxicidad , Humanos , Perfumes/farmacocinética , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/metabolismoRESUMEN
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of abietyl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.