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Ionic microenvironment of the nasal secretions especially calcium ions play essential role in the olfactory transmission. However, there is a critical need to determine the free calcium levels in healthy people's nasal secretions in contrast to those of patients with olfactory impairment. A selective spectrofluorometric method was created to quantify nasal calcium levels utilizing its quenching ability to the fluorescence of the functionalized carbon quantum dots. The surface of carbon quantum dots was functionalized with calcium ionophore A23187 and ion association complex, calcium phosphotungstate, to improve the selectively to quantify calcium ions. The functionalized carbon quantum dots exhibited a concentration-dependent fluorescence quenching upon interaction with calcium ions. Different factors influencing the quenching process were done to provide efficient analytical process. The new method, demonstrated accurate calcium determination over the concentration range of 200-4000 ng/mL. The suggested technique was used to measure the calcium in the nasal secretions of both healthy people and patients with olfactory impairment. The findings revealed significantly higher calcium levels in the patient with olfactory dysfunction (healthy vs. patient; 735 ± 20 ng/mL vs. 2987 ± 37 ng/mL, p < 0.05).
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Cálcio , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Humanos , Cálcio/análise , Cálcio/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Fluorescência/métodos , Pontos Quânticos/química , Transtornos do Olfato/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Olfato/metabolismo , Mucosa Nasal/metabolismo , Mucosa Nasal/química , Masculino , Adulto , Olfato , FemininoRESUMO
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is crucial for bodily functions, including collagen synthesis, immune system support and antioxidant defense. Despite autism spectrum disorder's multifactorial nature involving genetic, environmental and neurological factors, robust evidence exploring the association between ascorbic acid and this disorder is notably lacking. This study introduces an innovative spectrofluorometric method to quantify ascorbic acid in the plasma of healthy children and those with autism spectrum disorder. The method relies on the interaction of ascorbic acid with the fluorescent dye propidium iodide. In acidic conditions, propidium iodide undergoes protonation and selectively binds to the negatively charged ascorbic acid forming an ion-pair complex. This complex alters the molecular structure of propidium iodide inducing chemical fluorescence quenching, that can be utilized for ascorbic acid quantification. The developed method undergoes rigorous validation following ICH guidelines, demonstrating a linear relationship within a concentration range of 4-40 µg/mL, with high precision and accuracy metrics. Analysis of real plasma samples from autistic and healthy children reveals clinically and statistically elevated levels of ascorbic acid in those with autism spectrum disorder.
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Nasal ions environment plays a crucial role in maintaining nasal physiology and supports olfactory transmission. Addressing the limited research on nasal ion levels and their association with olfactory function, paper-based sensors were developed for determination of sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride in the nasal mucus of healthy volunteers and patients with olfactory dysfunction. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon quantum dots from beetroot were incorporated into paper substrate where sensors were designed with ion association complexes for sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride enhancing the recognition sensing capabilities. The sensors composition was optimized, including ion-exchange materials and plasticizers, to enhance sensitivity and selectivity. The performance of the sensors is evaluated based on Nernstian slope, dynamic range, detection limit and response time. Selectivity of the sensors was tested and the results demonstrated high selectivity for the target ions. The sensors were successfully determined sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride levels in nasal mucus of healthy volunteers and patients with olfactory dysfunction. The results revealed elevated calcium levels in patients with olfactory dysfunction, highlighting associated diagnostic implications. This suggests that the proposed sensors could serve as a diagnostic tool for olfactory evaluation, particularly in resource-constrained settings where access to advanced diagnostic tools is limited.
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Cálcio , Papel , Humanos , Cálcio/análise , Cálcio/metabolismo , Transtornos do Olfato/diagnóstico , Nanotubos de Carbono/química , Sódio/análise , Sódio/metabolismo , Potássio/análise , Íons/análise , Pontos Quânticos/química , Olfato , Cloretos/análise , Mucosa Nasal/metabolismo , Masculino , AdultoRESUMO
Hypertension and hyperlipidemia are two common conditions that require effective management to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Among the medications commonly used for the treatment of these conditions, valsartan and pitavastatin have shown significant efficacy in lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels, respectively. In this study, synchronous spectrofluorimetry coupled to chemometric analysis tools, specifically concentration residual augmented classical least squares (CRACLS) and spectral residual augmented classical least squares (SRACLS), was employed for the determination of valsartan and pitavastatin simultaneously. The developed models exhibited excellent predictive performance with relative root mean square error of prediction (RRMSEP) of 2.253 and 2.1381 for valsartan and pitavastatin, respectively. Hence, these models were successfully applied to the analysis of synthetic samples and commercial formulations as well as plasma samples with high accuracy and precision. Besides, the greenness and blueness profiles of the determined samples were also evaluated to assess their environmental impact and analytical practicability. The results demonstrated excellent greenness and blueness scores with AGREE score of 0.7 and BAGI score of 75 posing the proposed method as reliable and sensitive approach for the determination of valsartan and pitavastatin with potential applications in pharmaceutical quality control, bioanalytical studies, and therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Quinolinas , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Valsartana , Quinolinas/química , Quinolinas/sangue , Valsartana/química , Valsartana/sangue , Análise dos Mínimos QuadradosRESUMO
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological condition frequently identified in early childhood and frequently co-occurs with other neuropsychological disorders, particularly autism. Viloxazine hydrochloride, a non-stimulant medication, has recently gained approval for treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. This paper describes the first spectrofluorimetric method for precisely measuring the content of viloxazine in pharmaceutical capsules and rat plasma. This method employed NBD-Cl (4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole) as a fluorescent probe, which transformed viloxazine in an alkaline environment into a remarkably sensitive fluorescent adduct. Upon excitation at 476 nm, this adduct becomes detectable at a wavelength of 536 nm. The method was validated using ICH criteria, revealing acceptable linearity across a concentration range of 200-2000 ng/ml and high sensitivity with LOD and LOQ values of 46.774 ng/ml and 141.741 ng/ml, respectively. This method was adeptly applied in a pharmacokinetic study of viloxazine in rat plasma following a single oral dose (10 mg/kg), yielding a mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 1721 ng/ml, achieved within 1.5 h. Furthermore, the environmental impact of the technique was assessed using two greenness assessment tools, revealing a notable level of eco-friendliness and sustainability.
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Corantes Fluorescentes , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Viloxazina , Animais , Ratos , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Viloxazina/química , Viloxazina/farmacocinética , Viloxazina/sangue , Masculino , Estrutura Molecular , 4-Cloro-7-nitrobenzofurazano/química , Administração OralRESUMO
In this research, we focused on the production of amylose-lipid nanocomposite material (ALN) through a green synthesis technique utilizing high-speed homogenization. Our aim was to investigate this novel material's distinctive physicochemical features and its potential applications as a low-glycemic gelling and functional food ingredient. The study begins with the formulation of the amylose-lipid nanomaterial from starch and fatty acid complexes, including stearic, palmitic, and lauric acids. Structural analysis reveals the presence of ester carbonyl functionalities, solid matrix structures, partial crystallinities, and remarkable thermal stability within the ALN. Notably, the ALN exhibits a significantly low glycemic index (GI, 40%) and elevated resistance starch (RS) values. The research extends to the formulation of ALN into nanocomposite hydrogels, enabling the evaluation of its anthocyanin absorption capacity. This analysis provides valuable insights into the rheological properties and viscoelastic behavior of the resulting hydrogels. Furthermore, the study investigates anthocyanin encapsulation and retention by ALN-based hydrogels, with a particular focus on the influence of pH and physical cross-link networks on the uptake capacity presenting stearic-acid (SA) hydrogel with the best absorption capacity. In conclusion, the green-synthesized (ALN) shows remarkable functional and structural properties. The produced ALN-based hydrogels are promising materials for a variety of applications, such as medicine administration, food packaging, and other industrial purposes.
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Amilose , Nanocompostos , Amilose/química , Hidrogéis/química , Antocianinas , Amido/química , Nanocompostos/química , NanogéisRESUMO
Hypertension and hyperlipidemia frequently coexist and are correlated with elevated cardiovascular adverse outcomes. Fixed dose combination tablets containing antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic drugs have the potential to improve patient compliance. Telmisartan and rosuvastatin fixed dose combination tablet has been recently formulated. This study provided the first fluorescence spectroscopic method for simultaneously quantifying telmisartan and rosuvastatin in tablet dosage form and plasma. The native fluorescence spectra of telmisartan and rosuvastatin completely overlapped, making direct measurement unachievable. However, through the implementation of synchronous fluorescence measurements of telmisartan and rosuvastatin at a Δλ = 60, distinct narrow bands were observed at 358 nm and 375 nm, respectively. Regrettably, the challenge of overlapping remained unresolved. Nevertheless, by converting these synchronous spectra into first-order spectra, the problem of overlapping was completely resolved. This conversion also allowed for the selective quantification of telmisartan and rosuvastatin at 374 nm and 358 nm, respectively. The validity of this method was confirmed in accordance with ICH guidelines, yielding satisfactory results in terms of the validation characteristics. The method demonstrated linear relationships between the response and the studied drugs concentrations in working range of 50-1000 ng/mL for telmisartan and 100-2000 ng/mL for rosuvastatin. The described methodology was applied for the pharmacokinetic study of telmisartan and rosuvastatin in rat plasma after a single oral dose of 4 mg/kg telmisartan and 50 mg/kg rosuvastatin. Pharmacokinetic analyses revealed a moderate drug-drug interaction between the two drugs, which was not considered to be clinically significant. Moreover, the described method was assessed in terms of sensitivity and environmental sustainability against three previously documented methods. The comparison effectively underscores the supremacy of the proposed technique over the documented techniques.
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Anti-Hipertensivos , Humanos , Animais , Ratos , Rosuvastatina Cálcica , Telmisartan/efeitos adversos , Fluorescência , Comprimidos , Espectrometria de FluorescênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder with systemic implications, necessitating the search for reliable biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. This study investigates the metabolomics profile alterations in diabetic rats, with a focus on the therapeutic effects of Dapagliflozin, a drug known to inhibit renal glucose reabsorption, using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. METHODS: A GC-MS based metabolomics approach combined with multivariate and univariate statistical analyses was utilized to study serum samples from a diabetic model of Wistar rats, treated with dapagliflozin. Metabolomics pathways analysis was also performed to identify the altered metabolic pathways associated with the disease and the intervention. RESULTS: Dapagliflozin treatment in diabetic rats resulted in normalized levels of metabolites associated with insulin resistance, notably branched-chain and aromatic amino acids. Improvements in glycine metabolism were observed, suggesting a modulatory role of the drug. Additionally, reduced palmitic acid levels indicated an alleviation of lipotoxic effects. The metabolic changes indicate a restorative effect of dapagliflozin on diabetes-induced metabolic perturbations. CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive metabolomics analysis demonstrated the potential of GC-MS in revealing significant metabolic pathway alterations due to dapagliflozin treatment in diabetic model rats. The therapy induced normalization of key metabolic disturbances, providing insights that could advance personalized diabetes mellitus management and therapeutic monitoring, highlighting the utility of metabolomics in understanding drug mechanisms and effects.
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Compostos Benzidrílicos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Glucosídeos , Ratos , Animais , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Ratos Wistar , Metabolômica/métodos , Análise MultivariadaRESUMO
This research investigates the effects of the immunotherapeutic agent nivolumab on the metabolism of lung cancer cells (NCI-H1975) using GC-MS metabolomic profiling. Multivariate analysis such as unsupervised PCA and supervised OPLS-DA along with univariate analysis and pathway analysis were employed to explore the metabolomic data and identify altered metabolic pathways induced by nivolumab treatment. The study revealed distinct metabolic alterations in cancer cells, linked to proliferative and survival advantages, such as enhanced glycolysis, increased glutaminolysis, and modified amino acid metabolism. Key findings indicate elevated levels of glycolysis-related metabolites (glycine, alanine, pyruvate, and lactate) and TCA cycle intermediates (succinate, fumarate, malate) in cancer cells, with a significant decrease following nivolumab treatment. Additionally, lower levels of aspartic acid and citrate in cancer cells imply altered nucleotide synthesis and fatty acid production essential for tumor growth. Treatment with nivolumab also reduced oleic acid levels, indicative of its effect on disrupted lipid metabolism. Our research shows nivolumab's potential to modify metabolic pathways involved in lung cancer progression, suggesting its dual role in cancer therapy: as an immune response modulator and a metabolic pathway disruptor.
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Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Redes e Vias Metabólicas , Metabolômica , Nivolumabe , Humanos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Nivolumabe/uso terapêutico , Nivolumabe/farmacologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Metabolômica/métodos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Análise Multivariada , Redes e Vias Metabólicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Metaboloma/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Simeprevir and daclatasvir represent a cornerstone in the management of Hepatitis C Virus infection, a global health concern that affects millions of people worldwide. In this study, we propose a synergistic approach combining synchronous spectrofluorimetry and chemometric modeling i.e. Partial Least Squares (PLS-1) for the analysis of simeprevir and daclatasvir in different matrices. Moreover, the study employs firefly algorithms to further optimize the chemometric models via selecting the most informative features thus improving the accuracy and robustness of the calibration models. The firefly algorithm was able to reduce the number of selected wavelengths to 47-44% for simeprevir and daclatasvir, respectively offering a fast and sensitive technique for the determination of simeprevir and daclatasvir. Validation results underscore the models' effectiveness, as evidenced by recovery rates close to 100% with relative root mean square error of prediction (RRMSEP) of 2.253 and 2.1381 for simeprevir and daclatasvir, respectively. Moreover, the proposed models have been applied to determine the pharmacokinetics of simeprevir and daclatasvir, providing valuable insights into their distribution and elimination patterns. Overall, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of synchronous spectrofluorimetry coupled with multivariate calibration optimized by firefly algorithms in accurately determining and quantifying simeprevir and daclatasvir in HCV antiviral treatment, offering potential applications in pharmaceutical formulation analysis and pharmacokinetic studies for these drugs.
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Carbamatos , Imidazóis , Pirrolidinas , Simeprevir , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Valina , Valina/análogos & derivados , Imidazóis/farmacocinética , Imidazóis/química , Valina/farmacocinética , Simeprevir/farmacocinética , Simeprevir/análise , Pirrolidinas/química , Carbamatos/farmacocinética , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Espectrometria de Fluorescência/métodos , Algoritmos , Antivirais/farmacocinética , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Atomoxetine is a psychostimulant drug used for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in people with autism. Herein, eco-friendly fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized using black-eyed pea beans and characterized for the purpose of quantifying atomoxetine in pharmaceutical capsules and human plasma. The selectivity of these CQDs towards atomoxetine was improved by functionalizing their surface with an atomoxetine-tetraphenylborate ion complex. The quantification of atomoxetine is based on measuring the fluorescence quenching of the functionalized CQDs in response to varying concentrations of atomoxetine. The Stern-Volmer plot was employed to investigate the mechanism through which atomoxetine quenches the fluorescence intensity of the CQDs. The outcomes indicated a dynamic quenching mechanism. The applied method was optimized and validated in compliance with ICH requirements, resulting in excellent linearity across the concentration range of 50-800 ng/mL. The developed method was successfully used to quantify atomoxetine in pharmaceutical dosage form and human plasma with acceptable accuracy and precision outcomes. In addition, the method was applied for clinical pharmacokinetic study of atomoxetine in the plasma of children diagnosed with both autism and ADHD. Atomoxetine was rapidly absorbed after a single oral dose of 10 mg, reaching maximum concentration within two hours and having a half-life (t1/2) of 3.11 h. Moreover, the method demonstrates a notable degree of eco-friendliness, as evidenced by two greenness evaluation metrics; Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical GREEnness (AGREE).
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Cloridrato de Atomoxetina , Corantes Fluorescentes , Pontos Quânticos , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Cloridrato de Atomoxetina/farmacocinética , Cloridrato de Atomoxetina/sangue , Humanos , Pontos Quânticos/química , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Corantes Fluorescentes/farmacocinética , Espectrometria de Fluorescência/métodos , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/sangue , Criança , Masculino , Transtorno Autístico/tratamento farmacológico , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
Vitamin D is one of the most essential nutrients for brain development, and deficiencies during pregnancy and early childhood development might be associated with autism. Regular monitoring of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level could help in early diagnosis and therapy. Analytical measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level using the traditional matrix-matched calibration technique yields inaccurate results due to absence of serum matrix free from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. The aim of this work was to develop a validated spectrofluorimetric methodology based on the standard addition approach for quantifying 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in real serum samples of autistic children. The spectrofluorimetric methodology utilizes functionalized graphene quantum dots as a fluorescent probe for selective quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level, which is based on measuring the quenching properties of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on a fluorescent probe. The standard addition approach exhibits a minimal matrix interference since it identically utilizes the same matrix of each study sample for creating its own calibration curve. The method was validated using the guidelines outlined in ICH M10 draft for endogenous compounds quantification. The method was successfully applied for quantifying the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in autistic and healthy children, and autistic children had significantly lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels (with a mean ± SD of 23.80 ± 17.19) when compared to healthy children (with a mean ± SD of 50.13 ± 18.74, P < 0.001). These results suggested an association between vitamin D deficiency and autism.
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Transtorno Autístico , Grafite , Pontos Quânticos , Criança , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Vitamina D , Calcifediol , Corantes Fluorescentes , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , VitaminasRESUMO
Finerenone, a non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, has gained recent approval for treating cardiovascular and kidney-related conditions. Herein, an innovative fluorescence chemo sensor was developed for the determination of finerenone in the pharmaceutical dosage form and the plasma matrix. The method is basically based on chemical transformation of finerenone into a fluorescent product through sequential reactions. This transformation occurs through a sequence of steps involving the interaction of finerenone with trimethylamine, resulting in the formation of a nucleophilic intermediate that subsequently reacts with bromoacetyl bromide to form fluorescent product, (S)-N-(2-bromoacetyl)-4-(4-cyano-2-methoxyphenyl)-5-ethoxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridine-3-carboxamide. The formed fluorescent product exhibits defined emission peak at 338 nm when excited at 248 nm. Significant concentration-dependent fluorescence enhancement was obtained enabling precise finerenone determination in the pharmaceutical formulation and plasma matrix. The method was optimized and validated providing sensitive determination over linearity range of 1-200 ng/mL with a lower limit of detection at 0.280 ng/mL. This strategy provides an efficient, economical substitute and straightforward, more sensitive analytical method for finerenone assessment in various matrices, in contrast to the previously published method, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, which is expensive and time-consuming.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Antagonistas de Receptores de Mineralocorticoides , Humanos , Composição de Medicamentos , Naftiridinas , Preparações FarmacêuticasRESUMO
This study presents the development of an eco-friendly and highly selective mitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot based sensor (N-CQDs) for the detection of gabapentin - a commonly misused drug. A detailed characterization of N-CQDs spectral features and their interaction with gabapentin is provided. The optimal conditions for sensing, including pH value, buffer volume, N-CQDs concentration, and incubation time, were established. The results showed excellent fluorescence quenching at 475 nm (λex = 380 nm) due to the dynamic quenching mechanism, and the sensor demonstrated excellent linearity in the 0.5-8.0 µg mL-1 concentration range with correlation coefficients of more than 0.999, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.160 and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.480 µg mL-1. The accuracy of the proposed sensor was acceptable with a mean accuracy of 99.91 for gabapentin detection. In addition, precision values were within the acceptable range, with RSD% below 2% indicating good repeatability and reproducibility of the sensor. Selectivity was validated using common excipients and pooled plasma samples. The proposed sensor accurately estimated gabapentin concentration in commercial pharmaceutical formulations and spiked plasma samples, exhibiting excellent comparability with previously published methods. The 'greenness' of the sensing system was evaluated using the Analytical GREEnness calculator, revealing low environmental impact and strong alignment with green chemistry principles with a greenness score of 0.76. Thus, the developed N-CQDs-based sensor offers a promising, eco-friendly, and effective tool for gabapentin detection in various situations, ranging from clinical therapeutics to forensic science.
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Herein, two different sustainable and green signal processing spectrophotometric approaches, namely, derivative spectroscopy and wavelet transform, have been utilized for effective measurement of the antiretroviral therapy abacavir and lamivudine in their pharmaceutical formulations. These methods were used to enhance the spectral data and differentiate between the absorption bands of abacavir and lamivudine in order to accurately measure their concentrations. For determining abacavir and lamivudine, the first derivative spectrophotometric method has been applied to the zero-order and ratio spectra of both drugs. The same approach has been tested using the continuous wavelet transform method where a second order 2.4 of rbio and bior wavelet families were found to be optimum for measuring both drugs. Validation of the proposed methods affirmed their reliability in terms of linearity over the concentration range 1.5-30 µg/mL and 1.5-36 µg/mL for abacavir and lamivudine, respectively, precision (RSD < 2 %), and accuracy with mean recoveries ranging between 98 % and 102 %. Additionally, these spectrophotometric methodologies were applied to real pharmaceutical preparations and yielded results congruent with a prior chromatographic method. Most prominently, the proposed methods stood out for their greenness and sustainability with 97 points as evaluated by the analytical eco-scale method and a score value of 0.79 as analyzed by AGREE method, thereby making them suitable for resource-limited settings and highlighting the potential for broader application of green analytical methods in pharmaceutical analysis.
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Ciclopropanos , Didesoxiadenosina/análogos & derivados , Lamivudina , Análise de Ondaletas , Humanos , Lamivudina/química , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espectrofotometria , Preparações FarmacêuticasRESUMO
Celecoxib and tramadol have been combined in a novel FDA-approved medication to address acute pain disorders requiring opioid treatment when other analgesics proved either intolerable or ineffective. The absorbance spectra of celecoxib and tramadol exhibit significant overlap, posing challenges for their individual quantification. This study introduces a spectrophotometric quantification approach for celecoxib and tramadol using a principle component regression assistive model to assist resolving the overlapped spectra and quantifying both drugs in their binary mixture. The model was constructed by establishing calibration and validation sets for the celecoxib and tramadol mixture, employing a five-level, two-factor experimental design, resulting in 25 samples. Spectral data from these mixtures were measured and preprocessed to eliminate noise in the 200-210 nm range and zero absorbance values in the 290-400 nm range. Consequently, the dataset was streamlined to 81 variables. The predicted concentrations were compared with the known concentrations of celecoxib and tramadol, and the errors in the predictions were evidenced calculating root mean square error of cross-validation and root mean square error of prediction. Validation results demonstrate the efficacy of the models in predicting outcomes; recovery rates approaching 100 % are demonstrated with relative root mean square error of prediction (RRMSEP) values of 0.052 and 0.164 for tramadol and celecoxib, respectively. The selectivity was further evaluated by quantifying celecoxib and tramadol in the presence of potentially interfering drugs. The model demonstrated success in quantifying celecoxib and tramadol in laboratory-prepared tablets, producing metrics consistent with those reported in previously established spectrophotometric methods.
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Celecoxib , Análise de Componente Principal , Espectrofotometria , Tramadol , Celecoxib/análise , Celecoxib/química , Tramadol/análise , Espectrofotometria/métodos , Calibragem , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Formas de Dosagem , Analgésicos Opioides/análiseRESUMO
The present work is aimed to assess the protective influence of zinc oxide resveratrol nanoparticles against oxidative stress-associated testicular dysfunction. The number of 50 male albino rats were randomly separated into five groups (n = 10): Group I, control: rats gavage distilled water orally; Group II, Levofloxacin: rats that administered Levofloxacin (LFX) softened in distilled water at a dosage of 40 mg/kg-1 BW orally every other day; Group III, Zn-RSV: rats administered with Zn-RSV (zinc oxide resveratrol in distilled water at a dose 20 mg/kg-1 BW orally every other day; Group IV, (LFX + Zn-RSV): rats that were administered with Levofloxacin along with Zn-RSV nPs; Group V, Levofloxacin + Zn: rats were administered with Levofloxacin and Zno at a dose of 20 mg/kg-1 BW orally every other day as mentioned before. This study lasted for 2 months. Sera were collected to assess luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone values. Testicular tissues were utilized to evaluate levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT). Semen samples were utilized to measure their quality (motility, concentration, and vitality). Histopathological and immune histochemical techniques investigated the morphological changes in the testis. Rats treated with Levofloxacin showed significantly lower levels of serum LH, testosterone, FSH, testicular enzymatic NO, catalase, SOD, BAX, and BCL-2 immune reactivity and sperm quality but significantly greater testicular malondialdehyde and caspase-3 immuno-reactivity Compared to both control and zinc oxide resveratrol treatment. Zinc oxide resveratrol nanoparticles ameliorated the harmful side effects of Levofloxacin. Improvements were more pronounced in the co-treatment (LFX + Zn-RSV) Zinc oxide resveratrol group than in the co-treatment (LFX + Zno) Zinc oxide group. Zinc oxide resveratrol nanoparticles could be a possible solution for levofloxacin oxidative stress-induced fertility problems.
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Nanopartículas , Doenças Testiculares , Óxido de Zinco , Humanos , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Resveratrol/farmacologia , Resveratrol/metabolismo , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Catalase/metabolismo , Levofloxacino/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , Sêmen , Testículo/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Testosterona , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante , Hormônio Luteinizante , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Água/metabolismoRESUMO
Futibatinib is a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptors that impedes its phosphorylation and subsequently leading to a reduction in in cell viability across various cell lines. Futibatinib was approved for initial use as an effective treatment for several diseases, including non-small cell lung cancer and breast cancer. Herein, a novel selective fluorescence probe was created for futibatinib quantification in various matrices, including pharmaceutical formulation and human plasma. The technique primarily depends on futibatinib's chemical conversion into a fluorescent product through a reaction with trimethylamine and bromoacetyl bromide. The created fluorescent probe exhibits maximum emission peak at 338 nm upon excitation at 248 nm. The method provided a low detection limit of 0.120 ng/mL and maintained a linear concentration-dependent relationship across the range of 1-200 ng/mL. High sensitivity, accuracy and precision were demonstrated for futibatinib quantification in pharmaceutical formulation and spiked plasma matrix by the method, which was validated in accordance with ICH requirements.
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Limite de Detecção , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Humanos , Espectrometria de Fluorescência/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Corantes Fluorescentes/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In Saudi Arabia, information on the persistence of COVID-19-related complications in diabetic patients, their associations with the type of diabetes mellitus (DM), and the role of uncontrolled DM in the complications remains elusive. This study aims to fill this gap. This study aimed to examine the persistence of COVID-19 complications in diabetic patients. METHOD: A simple randomized, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study among patients with type 1 and 2 DM following infection with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. RESULT: In the present study, a total of 674 participants were included. Among the COVID-19 symptoms, fatigue (65.6%) was reported the most frequently, followed by headache (62.3%) and cough (59.8%). About 44% of patients reported high blood sugar levels, including 25.5% with elevated fasting (>126 mg/dL) and 18.5% with elevated postprandial (>200 mg/dL) glucose levels. We also report that age > 55 years [OR= 1.66 (1.01-2.56), p=0.045], anti-diabetic medications [OR= 2.10 (1.82-3.91), p=0.022], multiple comorbidities [OR= 3.21 (1.98-4.85), p=0.005], chest pain [OR= 2.54 (0.96-3.81), p=0.003], and joint pain [OR= 1.64 (0.73-2.94), p=0.025] were independently associated with COVID-19-related complications in diabetic patients. CONCLUSION: The most common persistent symptoms in diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection are fatigue, headaches, and cough. Advanced age and use of antidiabetic medications were independently associated with COVID-19-related complications in diabetic patients.
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The Glutamicibacter group of microbes is known for antibiotic and enzyme production. Antibiotics and enzymes produced by them are important in the control, protection, and treatment of chronic human diseases. In this study, the Glutamicibacter mysorens (G. mysorens) strain MW647910.1 was isolated from mangrove soil in the Mangalore region of India. After optimization of growth conditions for G. mysorens on starch casein agar media, the micromorphology of G. mysorens was found to be spirally coiled spore chain, each spore visualized as an elongated cylindrical hairy appearance with curved edges visualized through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis. The culture phenotype with filamentous mycelia, brown pigmentation, and ash-colored spore production was observed. The intracellular extract of G. mysorens characterized through GCMS analysis detected bioactive compounds reported for pharmacological applications. The majority of bioactive compounds identified in intracellular extract when compared to the NIST library revealed molecular weight ranging below 1kgmole-1. The Sephadex G-10 could result in 10.66 fold purification and eluted peak protein fraction showed significant anticancer activity on the prostate cancer cell line. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis revealed Kinetin-9-ribose and Embinin with a molecular weight below 1 kDa. This study showed small molecular weight bioactive compounds produced from microbial origin possess dual roles, acting as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and anticancer peptides (ACPs). Hence, the bioactive compounds produced from microbial origin are a promising source of future therapeutics.